Magnet/Magnetism

Diamagnetism
- the tendency of a material to oppose an applied magnetic field, and therefore, to
be repelled by a magnetic field.

Paramagnetism
- material there are unpaired electrons, i.e. atomic or molecular orbital’s with
exactly one electron in them. While paired electrons are required by the Pauli
exclusions principle to have their intrinsic ('spin') magnetic moments pointing in
opposite directions, causing their magnetic fields to cancel out, an unpaired
electron is free to align its magnetic moment in any direction.

Ferromagnetism
- ferromagnetic material cause them to behave something like tiny permanent
magnets. They stick together and align themselves into small regions of more or
less uniform alignment called magnetic domains or Weiss domains.

Magnetic force
- The phenomenon of magnetism is "mediated" by the magnetic field. An electric
current or magnetic dipole creates a magnetic field, and that field, in turn, imparts
magnetic forces on other particles that are in the fields.

Permanent magnets are magnets retain their magnetism once magnetized.

There are typically four categories of permanent magnets: neodymium iron boron
(NdFeB), samarium cobalt (SmCo), alnico, and ceramic or ferrite magnets.

 Alnico
Alnico magnets get their name from the first two letters of each of three main
ingredients: aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. Although they feature good temperature
resistance, they can easily be demagnetized and are sometimes replaced by ceramic
and rare earth magnets in certain applications.

Temporary magnets are materials magnets that perform like permanent magnets when in
the presence of a magnetic field, but lose magnetism when not in a magnetic field.

Temporary magnets can vary in composition, as they are essentially any material that
behaves like a permanent magnet when in the presence of a magnetic field. Soft iron
devices, such as paper clips, are often temporary magnets.
Electromagnet
- is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current.
The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.

Electromagnets are made by winding a wire into multiple loops around a core material—
this formation is known as a solenoid. To magnetize electromagnets, an electrical
current is passed through the solenoid to create a magnetic field. The field is strongest
on the inside of the coil, and the strength of the field is proportionate to the number of
loops and the strength of the current.

RESOURCES:

http://www.thomasnet.com/articles/electrical-power-generation/magnet-types

http://gaussbusters.com/resources/articles/principles-of-magnetism/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism

http://www.magneticsolution.com/about-magnetism.htm