ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1! of !

Annotated Bibliography

Lauren D’Ambrosio

San Jose State University

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2! of !3

Annotated Bibliography

Brody, G. H. (2004). Siblings’ direct and indirect contributions in child development. Association
for Psychological Sciences. (13) 3, pg 16-27. doi/full/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00289.x

This source speaks on the connection between social and emotional development in
siblings in comparison to single children. Children may be treated differently by their
parents or only assume that they are being treated differently. Older siblings tend to
develop more complicated cognitive concepts, language skills, and teaching skills based
on explaining things simply to their younger siblings, but these “caregiving skills” can
affect an older child’s school performance and behavioral adjustment. Younger siblings,
if they are cared for by their older siblings, are more likely to develop greater empathy
and compassion due to their need to resolve conflicts in their sibling relationship. The
difference in treatment from parents can be connected to poor adjustment in children, but
that is more related to the child’s individual relationship with the parent than with the
inclusion of a sibling.

Howe, Nina (2016). Sibling Relations and Their Impact on Children’s Development.
Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development. Pages 1-8.

This article discusses the four major characteristics of sibling relations and how they
connect to the development of the family and individuals. The author claims that sibling
relationships are integral to a family’s dynamic. This claim is justified and supported by
research in the article based on long-term case studies.

Helfrecht, C.; Meehan, C. (2016). Sibling effects on nutritional status: Intersections of

cooperation and competition across development. American Journal of Human Biology.
2016 Mar-Apr;28(2):159-70. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22763. Epub 2015 Jul 16.

This article discusses the effect that siblings have on the nutritional status of their
siblings. The author claims that metabolism and nutritional choices can be affected by
siblings’ influence. This claim is not justified, as the research shows, because children’s
lifelong nutrition is more affected by parents than siblings.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3! of !3

Nozaki, M.; Fujisawa, K.; Ando, J.; Hasegawa, T. (2012). The Effects of Sibling Relationships
on Social Adjustment Among Japanese Twins Compared With Singletons. Twin Research
& Human Genetics. 2012 Dec;15(6):727-36. doi: 10.1017/thg.2012.56. Epub 2012 Sep 5.

This article looked into the connection between sibling relationships and children’s social
adjustment by comparing twins and singletons, specifying the role of reciprocity. The
author claims that children’s social adjustment can be determined by their sibling
relationship being twins or different ages. This claim is justified as the author shows
research regarding close adult relationships that result from nearly identical upbringing.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2010). Siblings play formative, influential role as

'agents of socialization’. Science Daily. 20 January, 2010.

What children learn from siblings has a large influence on social and emotional
development as adults. The author claims that siblings’ relationships can effect
relationships as adults. This claim is justified based on research within the article and
other journals referencing the same thing.