87.

KUq;if

(DRUMSTICK)

jhtutpay; ngah;: (MORINGA OLEIFERA)

jhtuf;FLk;gk;: (MORINGACEAE)
jhafk;: ,e;jpah

“Vwj;jho vy;yhtpj mkpNdh mkpyq;fSk; cs;s xNu jhtuk; KUq;if.

xU vf;lhpy; 300 ld; fPiu cw;gj;jp nra;ayhk;. Vwj;jho xU lId;
kUj;jtg; gz;Gfs; nfhz;lJ. ePz;l ehs; Neha;tha;gl;L ehd; kPz;ljw;F
xNu fhuzk; KUq;if vd;W rhd;wpjo; je;jth; fpa+ghtpd; Gul;rpj; jiyth;
gply; Nf];l;Nuh.
rh;tNjr mstpy; KUq;iff;F
itj;jpUf;Fk; rpwg;Gg; ngah; „kpuhf;fps;
l;u‟P 2008 k; Mz;bd; Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fspd;
milahs kukhf> Aidl;nll; ];Nll;];
NeTdy; ,d;];bA+l;]; M/g; n`y;j;>
njhpe;njLj;jJ.

KUq;if kuj;ij fpA+ghTk; rPdhTk;> FIDEL CASTRO & CHE GUARA

tWikiaAk;> grpiaAk;>
,t;TyfptpUe;J tpul;Lk; MAjkhfg; ghh;f;fpd;wd.
rh;tNjr mstpy; KUq;if cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy; ,e;jpahjhd; ek;gh; xd;;.
,e;jpahtpy; KUq;if Nrk;gpad; Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;. jkpo;ehL %d;whtJ
,lj;ijg; gpbf;fpwJ. ekf;F Kd;dhy; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpy; fh;ehlfh.
jkpo;ehl;by; KUq;if Nrk;gpad; mutj;Fwpr;rp.
Kl;ilapy; ,Ug;gijtpl 25 klq;Fk; ghypy; ,Ug;gijtpl ,uz;L klq;F
Gujr;rj;Jk; KUq;ifapy; cs;sJ.

fhul;by; ,Ug;gijtpl 4 gq;F itl;lkpd; „V‟ rj;Jk; ghypy; ,Ug;gijtpl

4 klq;F mjpf fhy;rpak; rj;Jk;> MuQ;rpy; ,Ug;gijtpl 7 klq;Fk;>
thiog;goj;jpy; ,Ug;gJNghy 3 klq;F nghl;lhrpaKk; KUq;ifapy; mjpfk;
cs;sJ.
mj;Jld; ,Uk;Gr;rj;J> gh];;gu]; Nghd;w rj;Jf;fUk; KUq;ifapy; mjpfk;
cs;sd. mjdhy; fpG+ghtpy; fle;j 30 Mz;Lfshf KUq;if mwpKfk;
Mfp cs;sJ vd;fpwhh;fs; fpA+gh ehl;bdh;.
,kakiyapd; mbthuj;Jf;F nrhe;jkhd kuk;. ,iyfs;> kw;Wk; fha;fs;
gpugykhd fPiu kw;Wk; fha;fwp. Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,jid “nkhhpq;;fh” vd;W
gpugykhf cyfk; KOf;f miof;fg; gLfpwJ. 'KUq;if” vd;Wk; jkpo;
thh;j;ijapypUe;J ,J kUtpajhfr; nrhy;Yfpwhh;fs;. ,g;gb gy
nrhw;fis jkpo;> gynkhopf;fSf;Ff; fldhfj; je;Js;sJ.
cyfpy; fhw;wbj;jhy; clNd cilAk; 10 kuq;fs; vd;W gl;bag; Nghl;lhy;>
mjpy; Kjy; ,lk; KWq;iff;Fj;jhd; fpilf;Fk;. fhw;W Nyrha;
thairj;jhy; $l kWNgr;R Ngrhky; cilAk; kuk; KUq;if.
KUq;ifia elT nra;j MNw khjj;jpy; G+ntLj;J fha;f;Fk;. mjpf kio
nga;Ak; Fsph;r;rpahd ,lq;fspy; Mz;Lf;F xU Kiw 'G+ vLg;gJ'
cd;idg;gpb vd;idg;gpb vd;W MfptpLk;. ey;y ntg;gepiyAk; Rkhuhd
kioAk; ngWk; ,lq;fspy; tU\k; G+uhTk; fha;j;J ek;ik mru itf;Fk;.
jkpo;ehl;by; kio Fiwthf nga;Ak; khtl;lq;fspy;> gpugykhdJ NtY}h;
khtl;lk;. NtY}Uf;F “ntapY}h;” vd;w gl;lg; ngah; cz;L. NtY}h;
khtl;lj;jpy; jw;NghJ ehd; trpf;Fk; ,lk; njf;Fg;gl;L. thzpak;ghbf;F
mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; fpuhkk;. mq;F vdJ Njhl;lj;jpy; Nghd tU\k; xU
ehl;Lkuk; Mapuk; fha; fha;j;jJ. vdf;F Mr;rhpakhf ,Uj;jJ> cuk; G+r;rp
kUe;J %r; tplf;$lhJ. nfhQ;rkha; xd;wpuz;L Kiw> kz;GK cuk;
ghh;j;jpUf;Fk;> mq;tsTjhd;.
Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,uz;L thh;j;ijfs; kuk; tsh;g;gpy; nrhy;Ythh;fs.; xd;W
nghy;yhh;bq; (POLLARDING) ,d;ndhd;W Nfhg;igrpq; (COPPICING). mjpf
,iyjio fpilg;gjw;fhf kuq;fis ntl;b tpLtJ vd;W mh;j;jk;. ,Nj
njhopy;El;gk; jkpopy; xU gonkhopahf vg;gb te;J tpOfpwJ vd;W
ghUq;fs;. 'Miz mbr;rp tsf;fZk; KUq;ifia xbr;rp tsf;fZk;'.
'ntl;bf; nfl;lJ Ntk;G ntl;lhkf; nfl;lJ KUq;if”.
kJiuapy; ehd; FbapUe;j tPl;bd; gpd;dhy; xU nghpa KUq;if kuk;.
tarhd kuk;. fha;f;Fk; fha;fs; xU [hz; ePsj;ijj; jhz;lhJ. fha;fs;
nuhk;Tk; cauj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. ahUk; gwpg;gJk; ,y;iy. mij ntl;l
Ntz;ba xU #oy;.
jiuapypUe;J %d;wb tpl;L ntl;Lq;fs; vd;W ehd; me;j kuj;jpw;F fUiz
fhl;bNdd;. mg;gbNa ntl;bdhh;fs;. %d;Nw khjq;fspy; vfg;gl;l
fpisfSld; vOe;J epd;wJ> Gjpa ,sk; KUq;if. fha;f;f Muk;gpj;jJ.
mJ xU „Fthl;lh;];‟. xU ,UgJ tPLfs; ,Uf;Fk;. xU ehs; mj;jid
tPLfSk; Ntbf;if ghh;f;f me;j kuj;ijr; Rw;wp epd;wJ. mJ fha;j;j fha;
xt;nthd;Wk; %d;wb ehd;fb ,Ue;jJ. ,Jjhz;lh nghy;yhh;bq;!
,Jjhz;lh Nfhg;igrp];! vd;W nrhy;yj; Njhd;wpaJ.

1.KUq;if kuj;jpd; gy nkhopg; ngah;fs;

1. jkpo;: KUq;if>
1.1. nghJg; ngah;fs;: nkhhpq;fh> buk;];bhpq; l;uP> `hh;]; Nub\; l;uP> ngd;
Mapy; l;uP> ngd;rhapy; l;uP (MORINGA, DRUMSTICK TREE, HORSE
RADISH TREE, BEN OIL TREE, BENZOIL TREE) 1.2. ,e;jp: nrQ;rdh
(SENJANA) 1.3. fd;dlh: Ff;fhyh> nkhr;rf;fh> nkhr;rf;fh kuh
(GUGGALA, MOCHAKA, MOCHAKA MARA)> 1.4. nfhq;fzp: k\pq;fh
(MASHINGA) 1.5. kiyahsk;: Khpq;fha; (MURINGAI)> 1.6. kuhj;jp:
N\t;fh (SHEVKA)> 1.6. njYq;F: nkhr;rf;fhK (MOCHAKAMU,
MULAGA, MULAGA SETTU) 1.7. jhtutpay; ngah;: nkhhpq;fh xypnguh
(MORINGA OLEFERA) 1.8. jhtuf;FLk;gk; ngah;: nkhhpq;Nfrp
(MORINGACEAE).
tprhhpj;Jg; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ njhpfpwJ> nrd;idapypUe;J Vfg;gl;l fk;ngdpfs;
KUq;if;fPiu GTlh; Vw;Wkjp nra;fpwhh;fs;. cjhuzj;jpw;F rpy> rha;
Mde;jh vf;];Nghh;l;];> rQ;rha; #g;gh; b];l;upG+l;lh;];> gpvd;vf;];
,k;ngf;];bNul;> Ntyd; vd;lh;gpiur];> tprhyhl;rp ,k;Nghh;l; vf;];Nghh;l;>
mfk; Mh;fhdpf;];> kw;Wk; rhuh]; gpnu\;;.
,jd; ,iy> gl;il> rhW> Nth;fs;> tpij> fha;> kw;Wk; new;Wf;fspy;
Neha;fis Fzg;gLj;Jk; ghuk;ghpa kUj;J tiffis jahhpf;fyhk;.
Vw;fdNt jahhpj;J gad;gLj;jpAk; tUfpwhh;fs;.
fha;fisg; gwpf;fhky; tpl;lhy;> new;Wf;fshfptpLk;. new;Wf;fspypUj;J
tpijfisg; gphpj;J vLf;fyhk;> tpijfs; Njhuhakhf cUz;ilahf>
rkkhd ,ilntspapy; fhfpjk; Nghd;w %d;W ,wf;iffs; ,Uf;Fk;. Gjpa
fd;Wfis cUthf;f tpijfis itj;Jf; nfhz;L rpukg;gl Ntz;lhk;.
Nghj;Jf;fis fpisfis ntl;b el;lhy; MNw khjq;fspy; KOkuk;
MfptpLk;.
jko;ehL> Me;jpuh> fh;ehlfh> Nfuhsh> Nkw;Ftq;fhsk;> xhprh Mfpa
khepyq;fspy; Njhl;lk; ,y;yhj tPLfisg; ghh;f;fyhk;: Mdhy; KUq;if
,y;yhj Njhl;lq;fisg; ghh;f;f KbahJ. jha;yhe;J ehl;bYk;.
tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fspd; Kf;fpa kuk; KUq;if. gpypg;igd;];> ,e;NjhNdrpah
Mfpa ehLfspy;> fPiuf;fhf tsh;f;fpwhh;fs;.

“Ks;is Ks;shy; vL” vd;gJk; jkpo;g; gonkhop. mJNghy fhw;W

mire;jhNy fyfye;Jg;NghFk;> KUq;if kuq;fis fhw;Wj; jLf;Fk;
kuq;fshf (WIND BREAK) hpgg;spf; M/g; n`apl;b vd;w ehl;by;
gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;. ,d;ndhU mG+h;tkhd nra;jp ! tl mnkhpf;fhtpd;
Njitf;fhf> `tha; jPtpy; KUq;if cw;gj;jp nra;a Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.
ntl;b el;l Nghj;Jf;fs; 6 Kjy; 8 khjq;fspy; fha;f;fj; njhlq;Fk;. xU
kuk; njhlf;f fhyj;jpy; 300 Kjy; 500 fha;fs; fha;f;Fk;; vdj; njhpfpwJ.
tl khepyq;fspy; Mz;Lf;F xU KiwAk; njd;khepyq;fspy; ,uz;L
KiwAk; fha;f;fpd;wd.
rpy Mg;hpf;fehLfspy; fPiuf;fhf vd;Nw neUf;fkhf el;L mWtil
nra;fpwhh;fs;. epfuhFth ehl;by; xU vf;lhpy; xU gpy;ypad; KUq;iff;
fd;Wfis el;L ghpNrhjid nra;jjpy;> xu; Mz;by; 174 nkl;hpf; ld; fPiu
mWtil nra;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.
KUq;if tpijfspypUe;J vz;nza; vLf;fyhk;. xU vf;lhpy; mWtil
nra;j tpijfspypUe;J 250 ypl;lh; vz;nza; vLf;fyhk;. czT
vz;nzahf> moF rhjdkhf $e;jy; tsh;f;f> Nkdp moif nkUNfw;w
cjTfpwJ ,e;j vz;nza;.
KUq;iff; fha;fistpl KUq;iff; fPiuapy; Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; mjpfk;.
mit Kf;fpakhf itl;lgkpd; „gp‟> itl;lkpd; „rp‟ > GNuh itl;lkpd; „V‟
gPl;lh fNuhl;bd;> itl;lkpd; „Nf‟> Nkq;fdP];> GNuhl;bd; kw;Wk; ,ju
Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs;.
,jd; tpijfspy; 38 Kjy; 40 rjtpfpjk; vz;nza; cs;sJ. ,jw;Fg;
ngah;> ngd;Mapy; (BEN OIL). vz;nza; vLj;j gpz;zhf;if gaph;fSj;F
cukhf ,lyhk;. fyq;fyhd jz;zPiu Rj;jg;gLj;jg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
KUq;if vz;nzapypUe;J „gNah Bry;‟ jahhpf;fyhk;. Bry; kw;Wk;
ngl;NuhYf;F khw;whf gad;gLj;jyhk;. gNah Bry; cw;gj;jpf;F vd;W
gpuj;jpNafkhd KUq;ifj; Njhl;lq;fisf; $l cUthf;fyhk;. Mdhy;
,jw;fhd Ma;TfSk;> topfhl;Ljy;fSk; Njit. KUq;if kuq;fis
cw;gj;jp nra;a mjpf nrytpy;iy. mjpf jz;zPh; Njit ,y;iy cuk;>
G+r;rp kUe;J vd Njitapy;iy.
cyfpy; vq;nfy;yhk; Foe;ijfs; rj;Jg; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gLfpwNjh> mq;nfy;yhk; KUq;if xU mtrpaj; Njit. fhuzk;;
KUq;iff; fPiuapy; 31 rjk; ,Uk;Gr; rj;J cs;sJ. KUq;iff;fhiaypl
fPiuapy; mjpf ,Uk;Gr;rj;J cs;sJ. KUq;ifia Kiwahf el;L
tsh;f;Fk; ehl;by; Foe;ijfs; rj;Jg; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;glhJ
vd;W KUq;iff;F Gfohuk; #l;bdhh; fpA+ghtpd; Gul;rpj;je;ij gply;
Nf];l;Nuh.

“czTj;jl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;Jg; gw;uhf;Fiwf;F rPd ehl;bw;F

cldbahf Njitg;gLtJ “KUq;if” gw;wpa Muha;r;rp” vd;W njhptpf;fpwhh;
rPd ehl;bd;> tptrha Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpd; (YUNNAN TROPICAL
CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE) ,af;Feh;.
12 vf;lhpy; ehq;fs; KUq;if kuq;fis tsh;j;J KUq;ifiaj; njhopy;
kakhf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl cs;Nshk;” – vd;fpwhh; me;j ,af;Feh; lhf;lh;
FNth`th.
mjw;Fs; Nfg;]A ; +y;];> Nlg;yl;];> lhdpf;;> NjePh;> vd gytif kUe;J
khj;jpiufshf khwptpl;ld ek;k Ch; KUq;iff; fPiuAk; fha;fSk;.
mJkl;Lky;y mtw;iw cyfk; G+uhTk; tpw;fTk; Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhh;fs;
rPdhf;fhuh;fs;. N[f;kh vd;Dk; rPdhf;fhuu; mypghgh vd;Dk; ,fhkh;];
fk;ngdp Muk;gpj;J fhw;iwAk; Nkfj;ijAk;$l Fg;gpfspy;; milj;J
$tpf;$tp tpw;fpwhh;.

N[f;khtpd; „mypghkh‟. KUq;iff; fPiuia vd;d tpiyf;F mypghgh

tpw;fpwJ? ghUq;fs; ?

1. ,z;bah nkhhpq;fh yP/g; gTlh; - 1 fpNyhtpd; tpiy – 5 Kjy; 50 A.

v];. lhyh; tiu
2. KUq;if tpij (1 fpNyh tpiy) - 8 Kjy; 45 A. v];. lhyh; tiu.
3. KUq;if tpij gTlh; - (1 Kjy; 100 A.v];.lhyh; tiu)
6. KUq;if fPhPd; B J}s;- (xU fpNyh) - 2 fpuhk; 20 ghf;fl; - 0.75 – 0.85
A+ v]; lhyh; tiu.
ed;whf ftdpAq;fs; ! ,it vy;yhNk Mh;fhdpf; ,z;bah? Nkl; ,d;
irdh! ,J vg;gb ,Uf;F ?
rPdhtpw;F tpw;gid ed;whf tUfpwJ. ekf;F cw;gj;jp ed;whf tUfpwJ !
cyfj;jpy; KUq;if mjpfk; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; ehL ,e;jpah!
fpA+gh ehl;bd; Gul;rpj; jiyth; gply; Nfa;l;Nuh> mth;jhd; fpA+gh ehl;bd;
rpw;gp. 2016 Mz;L> etk;gh; khj thf;fpy; mth; ,aw;if va;jpdhh;. mth;
jdJ 90 tJ tajpy; murpay; gzpfspypUe;J Xa;T vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;.
mjd; gpd;dh; Kf;fpakhf rpy Xa;T Neug; gzpfis nghOJNghf;fhff;
nfhz;lhh;. mjpy; Kf;fpakhdJ „KUq;if‟ kuq;fis jdJ Njhl;lj;jpy;
tsh;g;gJ kw;Wk;> mjd; fha;> fPiu Mfpatw;iw jhNd rikg;gJ jd;
cztpy; jhNd Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ.

fpA+ghtpw;F „KUq;if‟ ia mwpKfk; nra;jJ Nr F thuh. ,J ele;jJ

1960 k; Mz;L thf;fpy;. Mdhy; Fiwthd msNt KUq;if kuq;fs;
elg;gl;ld. 2010 k; Mz;L„ n`apl;b‟ apy; kpfg;nghpa G+fk;gk; Vw;gl;J.
n`apl;b kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia jiyf;Fg;Gw Gul;bg;Nghl;lJ>
G+fk;gj;Jf;Fg; apd; gQ;rKk; grpAk; jiytphpj;jhl fhyuh Neha; fz;kz;
njhpahky; kf;fis fhT nfhz;lJ. Nf];l;Nuh> „fd;nrg;rpahd; Nfk;gh
`_tH; Nfh (CONCEPCION CAMPA HUER GO) vd;gtuplk; cjtp Nfhhpdhh;.

me;j ngz;kzp;> „gpd;Ny ,d;];ba+l; ,d; fpA+gh‟ ( FINLAY INSTITUTE IN

CUBA) vd;w mikg;gpd; epWtdh; kw;Wk; jiytuhf ,Ue;jhh;. n`apl;bapd;
grpiaAk; gpzpiaAk; Nghf;Fk; rf;jp cilaJ KUq;if kuk;. “grpapd;
czT KUq;if” vd;whh; `_th;. mjd; gpd;dh; Nf];l;Nuh‟ Ntz;Ljy;gb
mth; KUq;if tpijfisf; nfhz;Ltu ,e;jpah Gwg;gl;lhh;.

„/gply; Nf];l;Nuh nrhd;dJk; clNd vg;gb ,e;jpah Gwg;gl;L te;jPh;fs;.?‟

vd;W epUgh;fs; ,e;jpahtpy; Nfl;ljw;F `_th; nrhd;dJ ,Jjhd;.

“ehd; 45 Mz;Lfshf Nahfh nra;J tUfpNwd;. ,e;jpa ehL vdf;F

jha;tPL khjpup. ,e;jpah vd;WNk> ,e;j cyFf;F gy ghlq;fis
je;jpUf;fpwJ. ,d;W grpAk; Nghf;f Kd;te;jpUf;fpwJ”

`_th;jhd; jkpo;ehL> Me;jpuh kw;Wk; Nfushtpw;F te;J> „KUq;if‟

kuj;jpd; rhFgb Kiwfis fw;Wf;nfhz;L tpijfisAk; nfhs;Kjy;
nra;J nfhz;L nrd;whh;. ,Jjhd; ek;k Ch; KUq;if kuk; fpA+ghTf;F
fg;gNywpa fij.
mLj;J KUq;ifia rPdehl;bw;F mwpKfk; nra;J itj;jth;> gply;
Nf];l;Nuhjhd;> vd;w nra;jpia vdf;F nrhd;dth;> mutf;Fwpr;rp>
Nkl;Lf;fhl;^h; NfrtuhIh. KUq;iff; fPiuia nghb nra;J rPdhTf;F
Vw;Wkjp nra;j gy mutf;Fwpr;rpf;fhuh;fspy; mtUk; xUth;.
2011 brk;gh; khjk; 100ld; KUq;if tpij fpA+ghtpw;F fg;gypy; Gwg;gl;lJ.
mg;NghNj nfhQ;rk; KUq;if tpijfis Nf];l;Nuh jdJ Njhl;lj;jpy;
tpijj;J ghJfhj;jhh;. gpd;dh;jhd;;> fpA+gh kf;fSf;F KUq;if
mwpKfkhdJ.
gutyhd kz;tiffspy; tsUk;. kzw;rhhpahd> ,Ukz; ghlhd> tbfhy;
trjp cs;s> Nyrhd mkpyj;jd;ik cs;s kz; kpfTk; Vw;wJ. Mdhy;
,J> ntg;gKk;> #hpa xspiaAk; mjpfk; Nerpf;Fk; kuk;.
fly; kl;lj;FypUe;J 2000 kPl;lh; cauk; tiu tsUk;. ghrdk; ju Ntz;ba
mtrpak; ,y;iy. fpilf;Fk; kioia itj;J rkhspf;Fk;. fhu
mkpyepiy 5 Kjy; 9 tiu ,Ue;jhy; rf;ifg;NghL NghLk;.
,d;Dk; $l KUq;ifgw;wp nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;. mjw;Fj;
jdpahf xU „Btp‟ nkfhrPhpay; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;.

,t;tsT gad;jUk; KUq;if gw;wp‟ gply; Nf];l;Nuh‟ vLj;Jf; nfhz;l

msT ahUk; mjid gpugyg;gLj;jtpy;iyNa vd;W ehd; vdf;Fs;
Mjq;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;Nld;. mjw;Fg; gpwFjhd; vdf;F ghf;fpauh[;;
mth;fspd; Qhgfk; te;jJ. jkpo;ehl;by; KUq;iff; fhiag; ghh;f;Fk;
ahUf;Fk; ghf;auh[;jhd; Qhgfj;Jf;F tUthh;. vijAk; tpj;jpahrkhf
GJikahf jpiuf;fij jUtjpy; nghpa [Pdpa]; ghf;fpauh[;. rhh;yprhg;spd;
Gj;jprhypj;jdij xU jl;bYk; ghf;fpauh[; Gj;jprhypj;jdj;ij xU jl;bYk;
itj;jhy; Vwj;jho ,uz;L jl;LfSk; rkkhf ,Uf;Fk;. jkpo;ehl;by;
KUq;iff; fhiag; ghh;f;Fk; ahUf;Fk; ghf;auh[;jhd; Qhgfj;Jf;F tUthh;.

G+kp Qhd#hpad;> Nghd;: +918526195370, +918248376767