ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM
EARTH QUAKE ASSIGNMENT ON COMPARISON OF EBCS 8 1995 AND EBCS EN 1998

Group – 1
1. Hanna Biadiglign……………………………..PRAMIT/1937/10
2. Tinsae Silas……………………………………..PRAMIT/2027/10
3. Tesfamichael Mekonnen………………….PRAMIT/2019/10
Performance Requirements and Compliance Criteria (Section 2 in
new code and section 1.2 in old code)
Note – Section 2.2.4.3 (Quality system plan) is provided only in new code.

Ground Conditions and Seismic Action (Section 3 in new code and section 1.3 in
old code)
3.2.1 Identification of ground types (New Code)

(1) Ground types A, B, C, D, and E, described by the stratigraphic profiles and parameters given in
Table 3.1 and described hereafter, may be used to account for the influence of local ground conditions
on the seismic action. This may also be done by additionally taking into account the influence of deep
geology on the seismic action.

Table 3.1 Ground Types

Parameters
Ground type Description of stratigraphic profile NSPT
vs,30 (m/s) (blows/30cm)
cu (kPa)
Rock or other rock-like geological formation,
A including at most 5 m of weaker material at > 800 _ _
the surface.
Deposits of very dense sand, gravel, or very
stiff clay, at least several tens of meters in
B 360 – 800 > 50 > 250
thickness, characterized by a gradual increase
of mechanical properties with depth.
Deep deposits of dense or medium-dense
C sand, gravel or stiff clay with thickness from 180 – 360 15 - 50 70 - 250
several tens to many hundreds of meters.
Deposits of loose-to-medium cohesion less
soil (with or without some soft cohesive
D < 180 < 15 < 70
layers), or of predominantly soft-to-firm
cohesive soil.
A soil profile consisting of a surface alluvium
layer with vs values of type C or D and
E thickness varying between about 5 m and 20
m, underlain by stiffer material with vs > 800
m/s.
Deposits consisting, or containing a layer at
least 10 m thick, of soft clays/silts with a high < 100
S1 _ 10 - 20
plasticity index (PI > 40) and high water (indicative)
content
Deposits of liquefiable soils, of sensitive
S2 clays, or any other soil profile not included in
types A – E or S1
1.3.2 Classification of subsoil condition (Old Code)

(1) The influence of local ground condition on the seismic action shall generally be accounted by
considering the three subsoil Classes A, B, C described by the following stratigraphic profile

Subsoil Class A

- Rock or other geological formation characterized by the shear wave velocity vs of at least
m/s, including at most 5m of weak material at the surface

- Stiff deposit of sand, gravel or over consolidated clay, at least several tens of meters that
is characterised by a gradual increase of the mechanical properties with depth and by vs-
values of at least 400 m/s at a depth of 10m

Subsoil Class B

- Deep deposits of medium dense sand, gravel or medium stiff clays with thickness of several
tens to many hundreds of meter, characterised by vs-value of at least 200 m/s at s depth of
10m; increasing to at least 350 m/s at a depth of 50m.

Subsoil Class C

- Loose cohesion-less soil deposits with or without some soft cohesive layers, characterised
by vs-values below 200 m/s in the uppermost 20m

- Deposits with predominant soft-to-medium stiff cohesive soils, characterised by vs-value

below 200 m/s in the uppermost 20m

3.2.1 Seismic Zones (New Code)

(4) In cases of low seismicity, reduced or simplified seismic design procedures for certain types or
categories of structures may be used.

NOTE - The selection of the categories of structures, ground types and seismic zones for
which the provisions of low seismicity apply is found in the National Annex. It is
recommended to consider as low seismicity cases either those in which the design ground
acceleration on type A ground, ag, is not greater than 0.08 g (0.78 m/s2), or those where
the product agS a is not greater than 0.1 g (0.98 m/s2). The selection of whether the value
of ag or that of the product agS will be used to define the threshold for low seismicity
cases, is found in the National Annex.

(5)P In cases of very low seismicity, the provisions of EBCS EN 1998 need not be observed.
 NOTE - The selection of the categories of structures, ground types and seismic zones for
which the EBCS EN 1998 provisions need not be observed (cases of very low seismicity)
is found in the National Annex. It is recommended to consider as very low seismicity
cases either those in which the design ground acceleration on type A ground, ag, is not
greater than 0.04g (0,39 m/s2), or those where the product agS is not greater than 0.05g
(0.49 m/s2). The selection of whether the value of ag, or that of the product agS will be
used to define the threshold for very low seismicity cases, can be found in the National
Annex.

1.4.1 Seismic Zones (Old Code)

(4) Seismic zones with a design ground acceleration ag not greater than 0.05g are low seismic
zones, for which reduced or simplified seismic design procedures for certain types or categories
of structures may be used.
(5) In Seismic zones with a design ground acceleration ag not greater than 0.03g the provision of
this standard need not be observed.
3.2.2 Basic Representation of Seismic Action (New Code)
Note - The provisions provided below exists only in the New Code

(4) For the three components of the seismic action, one or more alternative shapes of response
spectra may be adopted, depending on the seismic sources and the earthquake magnitudes
generated from them.
NOTE 1 - The selection of the shape of the elastic response spectrum to be used is found in the National
Annex.

NOTE 2 In selecting the appropriate shape of the spectrum, consideration should be given to the magnitude
of earthquakes that contribute most to the seismic hazard defined for the purpose of probabilistic hazard
assessment, rather than on conservative upper limits (e.g. the Maximum Credible Earthquake) defined for
that purpose.

(5) When the earthquakes affecting a site are generated by widely differing sources, the possibility
of using more than one shape of spectra should be considered to enable the design seismic action
to be adequately represented. In such circumstances, different values of ag will normally be
required for each type of spectrum and earthquake.

(6) For important structures (γI > 1) topographic amplification effects should be taken into account.

NOTE Informative Annex A of EBCS EN 1998-5:2004 provides information for topographic amplification
effects.

(7) Time-history representations of the earthquake motion may be used (see 3.2.3).
(8) Allowance for the variation of ground motion in space as well as time may be required for
specific types of structures (see EBCS EN 1998-2, EBCS EN 1998-4 and EBCS EN 1998-6).

1.4.2 Basic Representation of seismic Action (Old Code)

Note - The provisions provided below exists only in the Old Code
(3) Unless specific studies indicate otherwise, the vertical component of the seismic action should
be represented by the response spectrum as defined for the horizontal seismic as defined for the
horizontal seismic action, by scaling the ordinate by a factor of 0.7.

NOTE - Section 3.2.2.2 (Horizontal elastic response spectrum), Section 3.2.2.3 (Vertical elastic
response spectrum) and Section 3.2.2.4 (Design ground displacement) exists only in the New
Code.

3.2.2.5 Design spectrum for elastic analysis (New Code)

(4)P For the horizontal components of the seismic action the design spectrum, Sd(T), shall be
defined by the following expressions:

2 T  2.5 2  
0  T  TB : Sd T   ag  S      
 3 TB  q 3 

2.5
TB  T  TC : Sd T   ag  S  
q

 2.5  TC 
 ag  S  
TB  T  TC : Sd T    q  T 
   a
 g

 2.5  TC  TD 
 ag  S  
TD  T : Sd T    q  T 2 
   a
 g

1.4.2.2 Design Spectrum (Old Code)

(4) For linear analysis, the design spectrum Sd(T) normalized by the acceleration of gravity g is
defined by the following expression;

Sd (T )  

Note – Section 3.2.3 (Alternative representations of the seismic action) exists only in the new code.
3.2.4 Combinations of the seismic action with other actions (New Code)

(1)P The design value Ed of the effects of actions in the seismic design situation shall be determined in
accordance with EBCS EN1990:2013, 6.4.3.4.

1.4.3 Combinations of the seismic action with other actions (Old Code)

(1) The design value Ed of the effects of actions in the seismic design situation shall be determined by
combining the value of the relevant action according to EBCS 1 1995

(2) Permissible simplification of combination equation is allowed

(3) The effects of the seismic action shall be evaluated using a seismic dead load, W, obtained as the
total permanent load plus 25% of the floor variable load, for storage and warehouse occupancies.
In other occupancies, no allowance for live load need be made.

Design of Buildings (Section 4 in New Code and Chapter 2 in Old Code)

Note - Basic principles of conceptual design (Section 4.2.1 in New Code and section 2.2.1 in Old Code)
are more or less the same for both codes, but they are more elaborated in the new code.

Section 4.2.2 (Primary and secondary seismic members) is only exists in the new code.

4.2.3 Criteria for structural regularity (New Code)

(3)P With regard to the implications of structural regularity on analysis and design, separate
consideration is given to the regularity characteristics of the building in plan and in elevation (Table
4.1).

Table 4.1: Consequences of structural regularity on seismic analysis and design

Regularity Allowed Simplification Behaviour factor

Plan Elevation Model Linear-elastic Analysis (for linear analysis)
Yes Yes Planar Lateral force a Reference value
Yes No Planar Modal Decreased value
No Yes Spatial b Lateral force a Reference value
No No Spatial Modal Decreased value
a
If the condition of 4.3.3.2.1(2)a) is also met.
b
Under the specific conditions given in 4.3.3.1(8) a separate planar model may be used in each horizontal
direction, in accordance with 4.3.3.1(8).
 2.2.2 Structural Regularity (Old Code)

(3) With regard to the implication of structural regularity on the design, separate consideration is
given to the regularity characteristics of the building in plan and in elevation, according to Table
2.1.
Table 2.1: Consequences of structural regularity on seismic design

Regularity Allowed Simplification Behaviour

Plan Elevation Model Analysis Factor
Yes Yes Planar Static* Basic
Yes No Planar Static* Increased
No Yes Spatial Static* Basic
No No Spatial Dynamic Increased
*For Ti < 2 s

4.2.3.2 Criteria for regularity in plan (New Code)

(3) The plan configuration shall be compact, i.e., each floor shall be delimited by a polygonal
convex line. If in plan set-backs (re-entrant corners or edge recesses) exist, regularity in plan may
still be considered as being satisfied, provided that these setbacks do not affect the floor in-plan
stiffness and that, for each set-back, the area between the outline of the floor and a convex
polygonal line enveloping the floor does not exceed 5 % of the floor area.

Note – There are additional provisions in New Code which are not listed in Old Code.

2.2.2.2 Criteria for regularity in plan (Old Code)

(2) The plan configuration is compact, i.e. it does not present divided shapes as H, I, X, etc. The
total dimension of re-entrant corners or recesses in one direction does not exceed 25% of the
overall external plan dimension of the building in the corresponding direction.

Importance classes and importance factors (Section 4.2.5, Table 4.3 in New Code and Section
2.3.6, Table 2.4 in Old Code)

The importance classes has been reversed upside down in the new code, but the importance factors
remains unchanged.

Modelling (Section 4.3.1 in New Code and Section 2.3.1 in Old Code)

Note - Additional provisions are provided in the new code.

4.3.3 Methods of Analysis (New Code)

(2)P The reference method for determining the seismic effects shall be the modal response
spectrum analysis, using a linear-elastic model of the structure and the design spectrum given in
3.2.2.5.

(4) As an alternative to a linear method, a non-linear method may also be used, such as:

a) Non-linear static (pushover) analysis;

b) Non-linear time history (dynamic) analysis,

Note – There are also additional provisions in the New Code.

2.3.3 Methods of Analysis (Old Code)

(2) The Basic method for determining the seismic effects is static analysis, using a linear-elastic
model of the structure and the design spectrum given in 1.4.2.2. (4).

4.3.3.2 Lateral force method of analysis (New Code)

(2) The requirement in (1) P of this sub clause is deemed to be satisfied in buildings which fulfil both
of the two following conditions.

a) They have fundamental periods of vibration T1 in the two main directions which are smaller
than the following values

4  T
T1   C
 2.0s
(4.4)

Where TC is given in Table 3.2 or Table 3.3;

b) They meet the criteria for regularity in elevation given in 4.2.3.3.

2.3.3.2 Static Analysis (Old Code)

(2) These requirements are deemed to be satisfied by building which;
a) Meet the criteria for regularity in:
i. Plan given in 2.2.2.2 and/or
ii. Elevation given in 2.2.2.3 and
b) Have fundamental periods of vibration Ti in the two main directions less than 2 sec.

4.3.3.2.2 Base Shear Force (New Code)

(1)P The seismic base shear force Fb, for each horizontal direction in which the building is
analysed, shall be determined using the following expression:
 Fb = Sd (T1) m 

(3) For buildings with heights of up to 40 m the value of T1 (in S) may be approximated by the
following expression:

T1 = Ct ⋅H ¾
2.3.3.2.2 Base Shear Force (Old Code)
(1) The seismic base shear force Fb for each main direction is determined from;
Fb = Sd (T1) W

(3) In lieu of (2) above the approximate expression for T1 given below may be used
a) For building with heights up to 80m the value of Ti may be approximated from the
following formula:

T1 = Ct ⋅H ¾
4.3.3.2.3 Distribution of the Horizontal Seismic Forces (New Code)

(1) The fundamental mode shapes in the horizontal directions of analysis of the building may be
calculated using methods of structural dynamics or may be approximated by horizontal displacements
increasing linearly along the height of the building.

(2)P The seismic action effects shall be determined by applying, to the two planar models, horizontal
forces Fi to all storeys.

s i  mi
Fi  Fb 
sj mj
(3) When the fundamental mode shape is approximated by horizontal displacements increasing
linearly along the height, the horizontal forces Fi should be taken as being given by:

z i  mi
Fi  Fb 
zj mj
2.3.3.2.3 Distribution of the Horizontal Seismic Forces (Old Code)

(1) The base shear force shall be distributed over the height of the structure in conformance with
Equations given below in the absence of a more rigorous procedure.
n

F b = F t +  Fi
i=1

(2) The concentrated force Ft at the top, which is in addition to Fn shall be determined from the equation
 Ft = 0.07 Ti Fi
(3) The remaining portion of the base shear shall be distributed over the height of the structure including
level n according to the following formula;

(F b - F t ) w i h i
F i
= n

w h
j=1
j j

4.3.3.2.4 Torsional effects (New Code)

(1) If the lateral stiffness and mass are symmetrically distributed in plan and unless the accidental
eccentricity of 4.3.2(1) P is taken into account by a more exact method (e.g. that of 4.3.3.3.3(1)),
the accidental torsional effects may be accounted for by multiplying the action effects in the
individual load resisting elements resulting from the application of 4.3.3.2.3(4) by a factor δ given
by

x
  1  0.6
Le
(4.12)
Where
x is the distance of the element under consideration from the centre of mass of the building
in plan, measured perpendicularly to the direction of the seismic action considered;
Le is the distance between the two outermost lateral load resisting elements, measured
perpendicularly to the direction of the seismic action considered.

(2) If the analysis is performed using two planar models, one for each main horizontal direction,
torsional effects may be determined by doubling the accidental eccentricity eai of expression
(4.3) and applying (1) of this sub-clause with factor 0.6 in expression (4.12) increased to 1.2.

2.3.3.2.4 Torsional Effects (Old Code)

(1) In case of symmetric distribution of lateral stiffness and mass and if no more exact method applied
regarding clause 2.3.2 the accidental torsional effects may be accounted for by analyzing the action effects
in the individual load resisting element evaluated according to 2.3.3.2.3 by a factor δ given by

x
  1  0.6
Le
(4.12)
Where
x is the distance of the element under consideration from the centre of mass of the building
in plan, measured perpendicularly to the direction of the seismic action considered;
Le is the distance between the two outermost lateral load resisting elements, measured as for
x above.
(2) Where torsional irregularity exists, exceeding the limit in 2.2.2.2(4), the effect shall be
accounted for by increasing the accidental torsion at each level by an amplification factor, Ax
determined from the following equation;

 
2


Ax  max
  3.0
1.2 avg 


Where:  avg
the average of the displacements at the extreme points of the structure at level x.

 max
the maximum displacement at level x.

Note – Section 2.3.3.3.4 (Scaling of Results) is provided only in the old code.
Section 4.3.3.4 (Non-linear methods) is provided only in the new code.

4.3.3.5 Combination of the effects of the components of the seismic action (New Code)

4.3.3.5.1 Horizontal components of the seismic action

(1)P In general the horizontal components of the seismic action (see 3.2.2.1(3)) shall be taken
as acting simultaneously.

Note – Additional provisions are given in the new code only.

2.3.3.4 Combination of the effects of the components of the seismic action (Old Code)

1.3.3.4.1 Horizontal components of the seismic action

(1) In general the horizontal components of the seismic action (see 1.4.2.1(2)) shall be
considered as acting non-concurrently.

4.3.3.5.2 Vertical component of the seismic action (New Code)

2
(1) If avg is greater than 0.25 g (2.5 m/s ) the vertical component of the seismic action, as defined
in 3.2.2.3, should be taken into account in the cases listed below:

- For horizontal or nearly horizontal structural members spanning 20 m or more;

- For horizontal or nearly horizontal cantilever components longer than 5 m;
- For horizontal or nearly horizontal pre-stressed components;
- For beams supporting columns;
- In base-isolated structures.
Note – Additional Provisions are given in the new code only.

2.3.3.4.2 Vertical component of the seismic action (Old Code)

(1) The vertical component of the seismic action, as defined in 1.4.2.1(3), should be taken into
account in the cases listed below:

- Horizontal or nearly horizontal structural members spanning 20 m or more;

- Horizontal or nearly horizontal cantilever components;
- Horizontal or nearly horizontal pre-stressed components;
- Beams supporting columns;

4.3.4 Displacement analysis (New Code)

(1)P If linear analysis is performed the displacements induced by the design seismic action shall
be calculated on the basis of the elastic deformations of the structural system by means of the
following simplified expression:

ds= qd de (4.23)

where
ds is the displacement of a point of the structural system induced by the design
seismic action;
qd is the displacement behaviour factor, assumed equal to q unless otherwise
specified;
de is the displacement of the same point of the structural system, as determined by
a linear analysis based on the design response spectrum in accordance with 3.2.2.5.

The value of ds does not need to be larger than the value derived from the elastic spectrum.

NOTE In general qd is larger than q if the fundamental period of the structure is less than
TC (see Figure B.2).

(3) For both static and dynamic non-linear analysis, the displacements determined are those
obtained directly from the analysis without further modification.

2.3.4 Displacement analysis (Old Code)

(1) The displacements induced by the design seismic action shall be calculated on the basis of the
elastic deformations of the structural system by means of the following simplified expression:
 d e
d =γs
d

where
ds is the displacement of a point of the structural system induced by the design seismic
action;

γ d
is the displacement behaviour factor, assumed equal to γ unless otherwise specified;
de is the displacement of the same point of the structural system, as determined by
a linear analysis based on the design response spectrum in accordance with 1.4.2.2(4).

Section 5 - SPECIFIC RULE FOR CONCRETE BUILDING

• Old EBCS-8
• Structural type
-5 type Torsional rigidity criteria r/ls>0.8
Behavior factors for horizontal seismic actions
ϒ =ϒo kD kRkw

• New EBCS-8
• Structural type
5+torsionally flexible system and more in detail
Behavior factors for horizontal seismic actions
• q= qo kw ≥ 1.5 qo is the basic value of the behavior factor
• For buildings which are not regular in elevation, the value of qo should be reduced by
20%
Kw=0.5<(1+αo)/3≤1 for wall –equivalent and torsional flexible system
Old EBCS
Design for DCM
• Design action effects
- Beam:-(in detail)
- Column:-(in detail)
- Beam column joint :-(in detail)
- Ductile wall:-(in detail)
-Special provisions for in-plane slender walls
-Special provisions for squat walls
New EBCS
• Similar to the design DCM
In addition to this one
 Geometrical constraints and materials
• Material requirements
• Geometricalconstraints
• Beam
• Column
• Ductile wall
• Specific rules for beams supporting discounted vertical elements
• Design action effects
• Beam
• Column
• Beam column joint
• Ductile wall
• Special provisions for in-plane slender walls
• Special provisions for squat walls
• ULS verifications and detailing—New topic
• Beams
• Resistance in bending and shear
• Detailing for local ductility
• Columns
• Resistance
• Detailing of primary seismic columns for local ductility local ductility
• Beam-column joints
• Ductile walls
• Bending and shear resistance
• Detailing for local ductility
• Large lightly reinforced walls
• Bending resistance
• shear resistance
• Detailing for local ductility

Old EBCS
• Design for DCH
• Design action effects
• Beam: - (in detail)
• Column: - (in detail)
• Ductile wall: - (in detail)
• Special provisions for large lightly reinforced walls: - (in detail)
 New EBCS
• Design for DCH
• Design action effects
• Geometrical constraints and materials---addition
• Material requirements
• Geometrical constraints
• Beam
• Column
• Ductile wall
• Large lightly reinforced wall
• Specific rules for beams supporting discounted vertical elements

New EBCS
• Design action effects
• Beam: - b>200mm
• Column: -cross section >250mm
• Ductile wall
• Special provisions for large lightly reinforced walls
• ULS verifications and detailing: New topic
• Beams
• Resistance in bending and shear
• Detailing for local ductility
• Columns
• Resistance
• Detailing for local ductility
• Beam-column joints
• Ductile walls
• Bending resistance
• Diagonal compression failure of the web due to shear
• Diagonal tension failure of the web due to shear
• Sliding shear failure
• Detailing for local ductility
• Coupling elements of coupled walls (more detailed)

Old EBCS
• Provisions for anchorages and splices
• Column: -Anchor length for seismic 50% increased
• Beam: the same
• Splicing of bars:-The spacing, s, of the transverse reinforcement in the lap zone (in
millimeters) shall not exceed
• s = min {h/4;100}
The required area of transverse reinforcement Ast within the lap zone Ast=s (dbl/
50)(fyld/fywd)

New EBCS
• Provisions for anchorages and splices
• Column: -The same
• Beam:The same but the following added
• dbL, shall be limited in accordance with the following expressions:
• a) for interior beam-column joints:
• b) for exterior beam-column joints:
• Splicing of bars: -No difference

Old EBCS
• Design and detailing of secondary seismic elements
 New EBCS
• Design and detailing of secondary seismic elements
• Additional
• applies to elements designated as secondary seismic elements, which are subjected to
significant deformations in the seismic design situation (e.g. slab ribs are not subject to
the requirements of 5.7). Such elements shall be designed and detailed to maintain their
capacity to support the gravity loads present in the seismic design situation

Annex D
Seismic zones
For the purpose of this standard, the country has been subdivided into different seismic zones,
depending on the local hazard. The hazard map is preliminary and is processed from instrumentally
recorded earth quake catalogue.

For applications of this standard the hazard is described in terms of a single parameter, the
value ag of the effective peak ground acceleration in rock or firm soil, henceforth called “design ground
acceleration”.

OLD EBCs 8
The design ground acceleration for each seismic zone, corresponds to a reference period of 100 years.to
this return period, an importance factor I equal to 1.0 is assigned.

For linear analysis the design spectrum sd (T) normalized by the acceleration of gravity g is defined by
the following expression:

sd (T)=αβϒ
The parameter α in equation is the ratio of the design bed rock acceleration to the acceleration of
gravity g is given by α= αoI

Where αo=the bed rock acceleration ratio for the site and depend on the seismic zone

I=the importance factor

The seismic hazard map is divided in to 4 zones, where the ratio of the design bed rock acceleration
to the acceleration of gravity g=αo for the respective zones is indicated as
 Zones 4 3 2 1

αo 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.03

The parameter β is the design response factor the site and is given by

β=1. 2s/T^2/3

The parameter s in equation is the site coefficient for soil characteristic given by

Sub soil class A B C

s 1.0 1.2 1.5

New EBCS 8

The design ground acceleration for each seismic zone, corresponds to a reference period of 475
years (10% probability of exceedance in 50 years). To this return period, an importance
factor I equal to 1.0 is assigned.

The seismic hazard map is divided in to 5 zones, where the ratio of the design bed rock acceleration
to the acceleration of gravity g=αo for the respective zones is indicated as

zone 5 4 3 2 1 0

αo=ag/g 0. 20 0.15 0.10 0.07 0.04 0

Seismic hazard zonation for selected towns in old and new EBCs
 TOWN COORDINATEs sEIsMIC ZONE
LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (E) OLD EBCs NEW EBCs

Addis Abeba 8.9757 38.7645 2 3

Adet 10.3323 39.4679 Not listed 5

Arba Minch 6.0030 37.5474 4 3
Bahir Dar 11.5715 37.3700 0 0

TOWN COORDINATEs sEIsMIC ZONE

LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (E) OLD EBCs NEW EBCs

Debire Birhan 9.6235 39.5565 4 4

Durame 07.14 38.00 4 Not listed

Mekelle 13.4056 39.5515 4 4

shashemene 11.5715 37.3700 0 0

Also some towns in new EBCs 8 described in detail than the old EBCs

TOWN COORDINATEs sEIsMIC ZONE

OLD NEW EBCs LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (E) OLD EBCs NEW EBCs
EBCs
Jimma Jimma Agaro 7.8531 36.5830 1 1

Jimma Chora 8.3365 37. 2376 1

Boter
Jimma Dedo 7.4141 36.9376 1
Jimma Gomma 7.8772 36.5845 1
 Jimma Guma 7.9691 36.4291 0
Jimma spe Town 7.6802 34.8412 1
Jimma Kersa 1
Jimma Limu 8.0255 36.9550 1
Kosa
Jimma Limu 8.4866 36.9502 0
seka
Jimma Omonada 7.5410 37. 2397 2

SECTION 6 SPECIFIC RULES FOR STEEL BUILDINGS

6.1. 2 Design concepts

Earthquake resistant steel buildings shall be designed in accordance with one of the
following concepts:

OLD EBCs

− a) Dissipative structural behavior;

− b) Non Dissipative structural behavior.

NEW EBCs

− Concept a) Low-dissipative structural behavior;

- Concept b) Dissipative structural behavior
Design concepts, structural ductility classes and upper limit reference values of the
behavior factors
Range of the reference
Structural ductility
Design concept values of the behavior factor
class
q
Concept a) Low
dissipative structural DCL (Low) ≤ 1.5 - 2
behavior
≤4
DCM (Medium) also limited by the values of
Concept b) Dissipative
Table 6.2
structural
only limited by the values of
DCH (High)
Table 6.2
 1.1.1 Safety Verifications

ONLY ON NEW EBCS

For ultimate limit state verifications, the partial factor for steel γs= γM shall take into account the
possible strength degradation due to cyclic deformations.

Assuming that, due to the local ductility provisions, the ratio between the residual strength after
degradation and the initial one is roughly equal to the ratio between the γM values for accidental
and for fundamental load combinations, it is recommended that the partial factor γs adopted for the
persistent and transient design situations be applied.

In the capacity design checks, the possibility that the actual yield strength of steel is higher than
the nominal yield strength should be taken into account by a material over strength factor γov

1.2 Materials
OLD EBCs

Steel sections, welding and bolts shall conform the requirements specified

In dissipative zones -structural steel should conform to approved standards

-The value of yield strength should be specified

-In bolted connection high strength bolt should be used

NEW EBCS

In dissipative zones

- Dissipative zones are expected to yield before other zones leave the elastic range during
the earthquake.

a) The upper value of the yield strength fy,max of the steel of dissipative
zones satisfies the expression fy,max ≤ 1.1γov fy
Where γov is the over strength factor used in design; and

fy is the nominal yield strength specified for the steel grade.

b) the design of the structure is made on the basis of a single grade and nominal yield strength
fy for the steels both in dissipative and non-dissipative zones; an upper value fy,max is specified
for the steel of dissipative zones; the nominal value fy of the steels specified for non-dissipative
zones and connections exceeds the upper value of the yield strength fy,max of dissipative zones.
c) The actual yield strength fy,act of the steel of each dissipative zone is determined
from measurements and the over strength factor is computed for each dissipative
zone as γov,ac t= fy,act / fy , fy being the nominal yield strength of the steel of dissipative
zones.

- The required toughness of steel and welds and the lowest service temperature
adopted in combination with the seismic action should be defined in the project
specification. In bolted connections of primary seismic members of a building, high
strength bolts of bolt grade 8.8 or 10.9 should be used.

1.3 Structural types and behaviour factors

1.3.1 Structural types

Steel buildings shall be assigned to one of the following structural types according to the behaviour
of their primary resisting structure under seismic actions.

Both OLD AND NEW EBCS

Describe similar structural types with detail drawings.

1.3.2 Behavior factors

OLD EBCs

The behaviour factor ϒ introduced for energy dissipation for regular buildings in zones 1 and 2 is
listed below and for non-regular buildings in elevation the values listed should be increased by 20%
(but need not be taken more than ϒ=1.0)

Structural types ϒ=Behaviour Factor

Moment resisting frames 0.18

concentric braced frames diagonal bracing 0. 25

v-bracings 0. 2

k-bracings 1
 Eccentric braced 0.17

Cantilever 0.5

Dual structure 0.18

Mixed structure 0.5

NEW EBCS

The behaviour factor q, for the energy dissipation capacity of the structure. For regular
structural systems, should be taken with upper limits to the reference values which are given in Table
below.

Upper limit of reference values of behavior factors for systems regular in elevation

Ductility Class
STRUCTURAL TYPE
DCM DCH
a) Moment resisting frames 4 5αu/α1
b) Frame with concentric bracings
Diagonal bracings V-bracings 4 4
V-bracings 2 2.5
c) Frame with eccentric bracings 4 5αu/α1
d) Inverted pendulum 2 2αu/α1
e) Moment resisting frame with concentric bracing 4 4αu/α1
f) Moment resisting frames with infills
Unconnected concrete or masonry infills, in
contact with the frame 2 2
Connected reinforced concrete infills
Infills isolated from moment frame (see moment
frames) 4 5αu/α1

If the building is non-regular in elevation the upper limit values of q listed in Table above should be
reduced by 20 %

The parameters α1 and αu are defined as follows:

α1 is the value by which the horizontal seismic design action is multiplied in order to
first reach the plastic resistance in any member in the structure, while all other design actions
remain constant;

αu is the value by which the horizontal seismic design action is multiplied, in order to form
plastic hinges in a number of sections sufficient for the development of overall structural
instability, while all other design actions remain constant. The factor αu may be obtained from
a nonlinear static (pushover) global analysis.

6.4 Structural analysis

The same in both NEW and Old EBCS
6.5 Design criteria and detailing rules for dissipative structural behavior common to all
structural types
The same in both NEW and Old EBCS

6.5. 2 Design criteria for dissipative structures

The same in both NEW and Old EBCS

6.5.3 Design rules for dissipative elements in compression or bending

Depending on the ductility class and the behaviour factor q used in the design, the requirements
regarding the cross-sectional classes of the steel elements which dissipate energy are indicated in Table
below

NEW EBCS

Requirements on cross-sectional class of dissipative elements depending on Ductility Class and

reference behavior factor

Ductility class Reference value of Required cross-

behaviour factor q sectional class
1.5 <q ≤ 2 class 1, 2 or 3
DCM
2 <q ≤ 4 class 1 or 2

DCH q> 4 class 1

OLD EBCs

Behavior factor ϒ Cross sectional class

ϒ ≤0. 25 Class 1
0.5≥ ϒ≥0. 25 Class 2
 ϒ≥ 0.5 Class 3

6.5.4 Design rules for parts or elements in tension

The same in both NEW and Old EBCS

6.5.5 Design rules for connections in dissipative zones

Non dissipative connections of dissipative members made by means of full penetration butt welds may
be deemed to satisfy the over strength criterion.

Old EBCS

For fillet weld or bolted non-dissipative connections, the following expression should be satisfied:

Rd≥1. 2Rfy

NEW EBCS

Rd  1.1 ov Rfy

Where
Rd is the resistance of the connection in accordance with EBCS EN 1993;
Rfy is the plastic resistance of the connected dissipative member based on the design yield stress
of the material as defined in EBCS EN 1993.
γov is the over strength factor

Foundations

ONLY ON Old EBCS

The Design values of action effects Efd on the foundations should be derived as
Efd=1. 20(Efg+αEfe)
Where Ef.g action effect due to due to the non-seismic actions included in the combination of
actions for the seismic design situation.
Efe Action effect due to the design seismic action multiplied by importance factor
α= Rd/Sd
1.6 Design and detailing rules for moment resisting frames
6.6.1 Design criteria

6.6. 2 Beams

For plastic hinges in the beams it should be verified that the full plastic moment of
resistance and rotation capacity are not decreased by compression and shear forces. To this end,
for sections belonging to cross-sectional classes 1 and 2, the following inequalities should be
verified at the location where the formation of hinges is expected:

Old EBCS
𝑀s𝑑
𝑀𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑
≤1.0

𝑁s𝑑
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑
≤0.15

𝑉𝐺sd+Vmsd
≤0.5
V𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑

Where

Nsd,Msd design action effects

Npl,Rd ,Mpl Rd ,Vpl,Rd design resistance

VGsd shear force die to the non-seismic actions

Vmsd shear force due to the application of resisting moments

NEW EBCS

M Ed
 1.0
M pl,Rd

N Ed
 0.15
N pl,Rd
 VEd
 0.5
Vpl,Rd

Where

VEd = VEd,G + VEd,M ;

(6.5)

NEd is the design axial force;

MEd is the design bending moment;
VEd is the design shear;
Npl, Rd , Mpl,Rd , Vpl, Rd are design resistances in accordance with EBCS EN 1993;
VEd,G is the design value of the shear force due to the non-seismic actions;

VEd,M is the design value of the shear force due to the application of the plastic Moments Mpl,Rd,A
and Mpl,Rd,B with opposite signs at the end sections A and B of the beam.

6.6.3 Columns

NEW EBCS

The columns shall be verified in compression considering the most unfavourable combination of the
axial force and bending moments. In the checks, NEd, MEd, VEd should be computed as:

N Ed  N Ed,G  1.1 ov  N Ed,E

M Ed  M Ed,G  1.1 ov  M Ed,E
VEd  VEd,G  1.1 ov VEd,E

- The column shear force VEd resulting from the structural analysis should satisfy the following
expression:

VEd
 0.5
Vpl,Rd

The shear resistance of framed web panels of beam/column connections should satisfy the
following expression:

Vwp,Ed
 1.0
Vwp,Rd
 - The shear buckling resistance of the web panels should also be checked to ensure that it
conforms to

Vwp,Ed < Vwb,Rd

Old EBCS

The design bending moments to the connection of column to foundation

Msd=Msd.G+1. 2Msd.E

Where

Msd.G bending moment due to non-seismic actions

Msd.E bending moment due to the design seismic action multiplied by the
importance factor.
𝑉s𝑑
- The column shear force Vsd 𝑉𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑≤0.5

6.6.4 Beam to column connections

Old EBCS

The connection of beam to columns should be designed for the required degree of over
strength taking in to account the moment resistance and shear force.

NEW EBCS

Dissipative semi-rigid and/or partial strength connections are permitted, provided that all of the
following requirements are verified:

a) The connections have a rotation capacity consistent with the global deformations;

b) Members framing into the connections are demonstrated to be stable at the ultimate limit state
(ULS);

c) The effect of connection deformation on global drift is taken into account using nonlinear static
(pushover) global analysis or non-linear time history analysis.

(3) The connection design should be such that the rotation capacity of the plastic hinge region θp
is not less than 35 mrad for structures of ductility class DCH and 25 mrad for structures of ductility
class DCM with q > 2. The rotation θp is defined as

P   0.5L
Where
δ is the beam deflection at mid span;
L is the beam span

The rotation capacity of the plastic hinge region θp should be ensured under cyclic loading without
degradation of strength and stiffness greater than 20%. This requirement is valid independently of the
intended location of the dissipative zones.

6.7 Design and detailing rules for frames with concentric bracing
The same in both NEW and Old EBCS

6.7. 2 Analysis

ONLY ON NEW EBCS

1.6.1 Diagonal members

Old EBCS

The non-dimensional slenderness ratio λ should be limited λ≤1.0 in order to prevent elastic
buckling.
The tension force Nsd should be limited to the yield resistance of gross cross section.
The connection of the diagonals to any member should fulfil the over strength condition

Rd≥ 1. 2 Npl,Rd
NEW EBCS

In frames with X diagonal bracings, the non-dimensional slenderness  as defined in should be

limited to: 1.3    2.0 .

In frames with diagonal bracings in which the diagonals are not positioned as X diagonal bracings, the non-
dimensional slenderness  should be less than or equal to 2.0.

In frames with V bracings, the non-dimensional slenderness  should be less than or equal to 2.0.

In structures up to two storeys, no limitation applies to  .

The yield resistance Npl,Rd of the gross cross-section of the diagonals should be such that Npl,Rd≥ NEd.
 In order to satisfy a homogeneous dissipative behaviour of the diagonals, it should be
checked that the maximum over strength Ωi does not differ from the minimum value Ω by more than
25%.

Dissipative semi-rigid and/or partial strength connections are permitted, provided that all of the
following conditions are satisfied:

a) The connections have an elongation capacity consistent with global deformations;

b) The effect of connections deformation on global drift is taken into account using nonlinear static
(pushover) global analysis or non-linear time history analysis.

6.7.4 Beams and columns

Beams and columns with axial forces should meet the following minimum resistance requirement:

Old EBCS

NRd(M)≥1. 20(Nsd.G+αNsd.E)

- In v bracing the beam should be designed to resist all non-seismic actions without considering
the intermediate support given by the diagonals.

- The connection of the frames to the foundation should fulfil the over strength function as given.

NEW EBCS

Npl,Rd (M Ed )  NEd,G  1.1 ovNEd,E

In frames with V bracings, the beams should be designed to resist:

− all non-seismic actions without considering the intermediate support given by the
diagonals;
− The unbalanced vertical seismic action effect applied to the beam by the braces after
buckling of the compression diagonal. This action effect is calculated using Npl,Rd for the
brace in tension and γpbNpl,Rd for the brace in compression.

In frames with diagonal bracings in which the tension and compression diagonals are not
intersecting, the design should take into account the tensile and compression forces which develop
in the columns adjacent to the diagonals in compression and correspond to compression forces in
these diagonals equal to their design buckling resistance
6.8 Design and detailing rules for frames with eccentric bracings
6.8.1 Design criteria

Old EBCS

Eccentric bracings shall be designed so that beams are able to dissipate energy by
the formation of plastic bending or plastic shear mechanism.
NEW EBCS

Frames with eccentric bracings shall be designed so that specific elements or parts
of elements called seismic links are able to dissipate energy by the formation of
plastic bending and/or plastic shear mechanisms.

The structural system shall be designed so that a homogeneous dissipative

behaviour of the whole set of seismic links is realised.

Seismic links may be horizontal or vertical components.

6.8. 2 Seismic links

ONLY ON NEW EBCS

6.8.3 Members not containing seismic links

ONLY ON NEW EBCS

6.8.4 Connections of the seismic links

ONLY ON NEW EBCS

6.9 Design rules for inverted pendulum structures

Old EBCS

- The non-dimensional slenderness of the columns should be limited to  ≤1.5.

- The inter storey drift sensitivity coefficient of the column should be limited to θ ≤ 0.20.

- The cantilever structure, the columns and their bases should be verified.

The resistance of the base connection of column to foundation should satisfy

 𝑁sd
- MRd≥1. 2 Mpl Rd(1 − 𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑)

NEW EBCS

In inverted pendulum structures, the columns should be verified in compression considering the
most unfavourable combination of the axial force and bending moments.

In the checks, NEd, MEd, VEd should be computed as in 6.6.3.

The non-dimensional slenderness of the columns should be limited to  ≤1.5.

The inter-storey drift sensitivity coefficient θ should be limited to θ ≤ 0.20.

6.10 Design rules for steel structures with concrete cores or concrete
walls and for moment resisting frames combined with concentric
bracings or infills

6.10.1Structures with concrete cores or concrete walls

The same in both NEW and Old EBCS

6.10. 2 Moment resisting frames combined with concentric bracings

The same in both NEW and Old EBCS

6.10.3 Moment resisting frames combined with infills

The same in both NEW and Old EBCS

6.11 Control of design and construction

ONLY ON NEW EBCS