System Response

Im(z) Im(z) Im(z)

X(z) H(z) Y (z)

Re(z) Re(z) Re(z)

1
2 - 13 - 13

Y (z) = X(z)H(z)
z
= g      
1 1 1 1
(z − ) (z + ) z − z+ z − √ eπ/4 z − √ e−π/4 (z − 1)
2 3 2 2
| {z } | {z }
input system
r1 r1∗ r2 r3 r4 r4∗ r5
= + + + + + +
z −  z +  z − 12 z + 13 z − √12 eπ/4 z − √12 e−π/4 z − 1
| {z } | {z }
input system
One input component is nulled due to pole-zero cancellation.
Since Y (z) is proper, there are no k δ[n − ·] terms.
1
 Response
Im(z) Im(z) Im(z)
X(z) H(z) Y (z)

Re(z) Re(z) Re(z)

1
2 - 13 - 13

r1 r1∗ r2 r3 r4 r4∗ r5
Y (z) = + + 1 + 1 + 1 π/4 + 1 −π/4 +
z− z+ z−2 z+3 z− 2e √ z− 2e
√ z−1
| {z } | {z }
input system
π  π  π   n
1
y[n] = H α1 cos n + ∠ H u[n] + r2 u[n]
2 2 2 2
| {z }
forced (due to input)
 n  n  
−1 1 π
+ r3 u[n] + |r4| √ cos n + ∠r4 u[n] + r51 u[n]
3 2 {z 4
| }
natural (due to system)
Note that r1 = H(ω)|ω= π , where H(ω) = H(eω ). This is particularly important!
2
2
 Response

π   n
1
x[n] = α1 cos n + α2 u[n] + α3 (−1)n u[n]
2 2
π  π  π   n
1
y[n] = H α1 cos n + ∠ H u[n] + r2 u[n]
2 2 2 2
| {z }
forced (due to input)
 n  n  
−1 1 π
+ r3 u[n] + |r4| √ cos n + ∠r4 u[n] + r51 u[n]
3 2 {z 4
| }
natural (due to system)
π  π  π   n
1
= H α1 cos n + ∠H + 0(−1)n u[n] + r2 u[n]
| 2 2 {z 2 } | 2{z }
steady-state transient?
 n  n  
−1 1 π
+ r3 u[n] + |r4| √ cos n + ∠r4 u[n] + r51 u[n]
3 4
{z2
| {z }
| } steady-state?
transient

3
 Response
• What if x[n] is finite duration? (X(z) is all zeros except poles at origin.)
• What if x[n] is left-sided?
Example.
Im(z)

Re(z)
5
4
ROC = {|z| < 1}

5 n
x[n] = α1 cos π
2nu[−n − 1] + − 1] , which is 0 for n ≥ 0.
α2 4 u[−n
For n ≥ 0, the output signal y[n] consists only of the transient reponse, i.e.,
 n  n  
−1 1 π
ytr[n] = r3 + |r4| √ cos n + ∠r4 ,
3 2 4
where only the residues r3 and r4 depend on the input signal.