Basic Camera Handling

Now that we know what is a good photograph,

let’s learn a bit about camera.
 Types of Digital Camera

MILC DSLR Point & Shoot

Mirror less Digital Single Compact Camera

Interchangeable Lens Camera Lens Reflex
Point and Shoot

• No Manual Focus, You Have To Rely On

Auto-Focus
• No Control over Aperture, ISO, Shutter
Speed
• Most of these do not have a viewfinder
• Non-Interchangeable Lens
• Compact and are easy to carry.
• Not preferred by professionals.
MILC

• No reflex Mirror

• They have electronic view finder. (EVF)

• They are smaller and lighter that DSLRs.

• Silent Shooting and Image Stabilization.

• MILC as well as their accessories are costly

• Light hits the sensors directly and then

transmits to EVF.

• Have smaller battery life.

DSLR

• Use Reflex mirror and Pentaprism.

• Optical View Finder(OVF)
• Interchangeable Lens
• Manual Focus
• Manual Control over Aperture, ISO,
Shutter Speed

• As compared to P&S these have better

sensor for low light capture

• Larger size and long battery life.

How does a DSLR camera work?

DSLR: Digital Single Lens Reflex

 How does a Camera captures an Image?

DSLR camera uses RGB colour format i.e. Red Green And Blue as primary colours
 What is a Bayer Layer?

• Bayer Layer is an array of Red, Blue and Green colour filters lying above
the camera sensor.
• There isn’t an equal proportion of RGB. Guess why?
Sensor
 Sensor

• A camera sensor is an array of millions of light cavities or photo sites.

• As we press the shutter photons start falling into these cavities
• The relative quantity of photons at each photo sites is then determined by
bit-depth. (0-255 * 8 bit map)
 Information Screen

Canon Nikon
Canon
Nikon
Types of lenses
ZOOM Lenses

● Most common lens

● 18-140,18-200
 Prime Lenses

Fixed Focal Length

More useful for indoor and low-light photography.

Generally wider aperture thus lower F#

Shallow DOF
 TelePhoto Lens

● Long focal length thus high level of magnification.

● Wildlife and Sports events.
Wide-Angle Lenses
● Wide-angle is 21-35mm.
● Landscapes and architecture,
Lens focal lengths, types and Uses
 Focal Length of a Lens

Focal length denotes the distance from front element of the lens to camera sensor.
Focal Length and Zoom
Focal Length and Field of View
 Aperture

Aperture is the opening of the lens.

If you consider the flowing water as streamline of photons then
opening of tap is like the aperture of the lens

Aperture controls two important factors in photography. Can you guess them?
 Aperture

Aperture is determined by a quantity called F number

sometimes also called f-stop

F# = f / D

f :- focal length of lens D :- Diameter of the aperture

Aperture & Exposure
Aperture & Depth of Field
Applications of Low Aperture
Landscape Photography
Architectural Photography
Applications of large Aperture
Flower Photography
Wildlife
Portraits
Event Photography
 Shutter Speed

Shutter speed determines the amount of time for which shutter remains open or
Sensor remains exposed to light

Shutter speed also controls two aspects of photography. Can you guess?
 Shutter Speed & Exposure

Shutter speed also controls the amount of photons entering the light cavities
of a sensor
Shutter Speed & Motion Blur
Shutter Speed & Motion Blur
Shutter Speed Comparison
Shutter Speed & Frozen Moment
High Shutter Speed
Low Shutter Speed
 ISO

ISO is the measure of how sensitive sensor is, to the incoming light

You can think of ISO as an amplifier which boosts up light signal

ISO and Exposure ☺
 ISO and NOISE ☹

ISO boosts up the sensitivity even for unwanted signal

There is one more advantage of ISO.
Can you guess?
 ISO during Daylight
It allows us to get more control over Shutter Speed and F#
 2 F2 8 F4 F5 6 f8 F F22 f32

�������00 □
1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/JO 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2

150 50 SO 100 ISO 200 ISO 400 lSO 800 ISO 16oo ISO 3200 ISO 6400 lSO 12800 I O 25600
Exposure
Shooting Modes

1. Automatic
2. Program automatic
3. Scene mode
4. Shutter Priority
5. Aperture priority
6. Manual Mode
White Balance
White Balance
Why do we need to do WB settings?
The colour of the object is affected by the lighting conditions
under which it is viewed.

Our eyes and brain can compensate this effect but cameras
can’t
 Metering

Metering is how your camera determines what the correct shutter speed and
aperture should be, depending on the amount of light that goes into the camera and
the sensitivity of the sensor.
Metering
THANK YOU