AT C P

TCP FOR MOBILE AD HO C NETWORKS

RITESH SINGH
BTECH: C.S.
DIB: B
ROLL NO: 397
 ATCP
TCP FOR MOBILE A D HO C NETWORKS

WHAT IS AD HOC NETWO RK

AD HOC NETWORKS are multi-hop wireless networks consisting of a large number

of radio-equipped nodes that may be as simple as autonomous mobile or stationary sensors
to laptops mounted on vehicles or carried by people.

PROBLEMS WITH TCP IN AD HOC NETWORKS

Tcp is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides reliable , in-order

delivery of data to the tcp receiver. If one uses tcp with out any modification in mobile ad
hoc networks, one will experience a serious drop in the throughput of the connection. There
are several reasons for such a drastic drop in tcp throughput.
1. Effect of a High BER: Bit errors cause packets to get corrupted which result in lost
TCP data segments or acknowledgment.
2. Effect of Route Re-Computations:

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3. Effect Of Network Partitions:

4. Effects Of Multipath Routing: Some routing protocols (such as temporally ordered

routing algorithm(TORA)) maintain multiple routes between source destination pairs
, the purpose of which is to minimize the frequency of route re-computation.
Unfortunately, this sometimes results in a significant number of out-of-sequence
packets arriving at the receiver. The effect of this is that the receiver generates
duplicate acknowledgments (ACKs) which cause the sender (on receipt of three
duplicate ACKs) to invoke congestion control.

AD HOC TCP

 What is Ad Hoc TCP?

• Same as the standard TCP to maintain compatibility with standard TCP/IP
suite.
• Thin ATCP layer in inserted in between TCP and IP.
• Listens to network state information provided by Explicit Congestion
Notification(ECN) message by ICMP.
• Accordingly puts the sender in the appropriate state:
o Persist state.
o Congestion control state.
o Retransmit state.

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 Benefits of Ad Hoc TCP:
• Standard TCP/IP is unmodified.
• ATCP is invisible to TCP and, therefore, nodes with and without ATCP can
interoperate. The only drawback is that nodes without ATCP will see all the
performance problems associated with running TCP over ad hoc networks.
• ATCP does not interfere with TCPs functioning in cases where the TCP
connection is between anode in the wire-line network and another in the
wireless ad hoc network.

D E SI G N O F A TC P

 ATCP was designed to provide a complete solution to the problem of running TCP
over multi hop wireless networks. Specifically, we wanted to design a protocol that
has the following characteristics.
Improve TCP Performance for Connections setup in ad hoc Wireless
Networks.
o High BER.
o Delays due to Route Re-
computation.
o Transient Partition.
o Multipath Routing.
Maintain TCP’s Congestion
Control Behavior.
Appropriate CWND Behavior.
Maintain End-to-End TCP
Semantics.
Be Compatible with Standard
TCP.

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 FUNCTIONING OF ATCP

The ATCP layer is only active at the TCP sender. This layer monitors TCP state and the
state of the network and takes appropriate action. To understand ATCP’s behavior, we study
ATCP’s four possible
states.
1. Normal
2. Congested
3. Loss
4. Disconnected

CONCLUSION

In this paper, we presented a solution to the problem of running TCP in ad hoc wireless
networks. The solution is to implement a thin layer between IP and TCP (called ATCP) that
ensures correct TCP behavior while maintaining high throughput. The highlights of ATCP
are the following.
1) End-to-end TCP semantics are maintained.
2) ATCP is transparent which means that nodes with and without ATCP can
setup TCP connections normally.
3) ATCP’s performance is almost ideal as measured by the time to transfer
large files.
4) ATCP does not interfere with TCP’s congestion control behavior when
there is network congestion.