Turbine Governing

Wardha Power Company Ltd

P.K.Biswas
D.P Bhoyar
WELCOME
TO
WPCL Team
Turbine Governing
• Function of governing
• Maintain the shaft speed with in the speed
regulation limit as load varies.
• Steady state speed regulation factor (R)
• R=(No-Na/nr)X100
• No = No load speed Na= actual speed
• Nr=Normal speed
• Generally R =3-4%
 Turbine Governing
STAEM CONSUMPTION
SHOWS LINEAR
Y • Willan’s line RELATION SHIP WITH
LOAD
KG/S
S Y=MX+C
T
A
E
M
C NO LOAD
O CONSUPM
N TION
S
X
LOAD (KW)
Turbine Governing

•Type of governing
• Throttle Control
• Nozzle control
• By Pass governing
 Nozzle control governing

HP CV 1

HP CV 4

HP STOP V/v

HP CV 3
HP CV 2
Turbine Governing

• ADVANTAGE
• 1.LESS ENERGY LOSS
• 2.BETTER CONTROL
• 3.BETTER SESITIVITY.
THROTTLE CONTROL

Stop Hyd.Control
V/V V/V
•FOR LOW LOAD
CONTROL.

Steam

steam
BY PASS GOVERNING

• ADDITIONAL STAEM BY PASS TO LOWER

STAGE FOR MORE POWER.

• USED FOR THROTTLE CONTROL

TURBINE.
DIGITAL ELECTRO HYDROLIC
GOVERNING
• Systems
• Oil supply system.
• Regeneration & Filtration system
• Coiling system
DIGITAL ELECTRO HYDROLIC
GOVERNING
COMPONENTS
• OIL SUPPLY SYSTEM
• RESERVOIR:-900 – 1100 LITERS
• MAIN PUMP(30 kw):-02 NOS HEAD:-12- 15
MPa FLOW:-85 LTS/MIN

• contd
COMPONENTS ELECTRO
HYDROLIC POWER UNIT
Main oil outlet control block
• Filter with 10 micron cartridges:-04
nos
• Check valves:-02 Nos
• Relief valves:-01 nos
• Shut off valves:-02 Nos
Main oil outlet control block
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRO
HYDROLIC POWER UNIT
• MAGNETIC FILTER:- 200 MESH MECHANICAL
FITER ALONG WITH PARMANENT MAGNET
• ACCUMULATORS:-
• EH TERMINAL BOX:-
• FLOAT LEVEL SWITCH
• FLOAT INDICATOR
• CHECK V/V
• PRESSURE DARIN FILTER
EH TERMINAL BOX
Oil Regeneration & Filtration
System
• CIRCULATING PUMP:- 02 KW AC 20 Lts
/min
• FULLER EARTH FILTER:-01 NO
• CELLULOSE Filter cartridge :- 01 no with
01 Micron
cartridge
• SHUT OFF V/V
Fluid Reprocessing Equipment
Assembly Drawing
DIGITAL ELECTRO HYDRAULIC GOVERNING SYSTEM
FOR STEAM TURBINE

4 X 135 MW THERMAL POWER PLANT

C&I Part
at WPCL WARORA
GOVERNOR

GOVERNOR IS A DEVICE TO
CONTROL SPEED/ LOAD OF A
MACHINE TO A SET POINT
Why Governing is required?

• The speed characteristics of an ungoverned

turbine is unsuitable for electric power
generation.
• The turbine output is controlled by varying
the steam flow by means of throttling valves
of the turbine. The valves are controlled by
the governor.
• Governing system is required to ensure that
the system demand is followed
automatically without large deviation in the
electric frequency.
 Functions of Governing System

• To control the initial run up and synchronization of

the machine
• To control the turbine load when running in parallel
with other generating sets.
• To contain the speed rise within acceptable limits in
case of the unit getting disconnected from the load
• To provide protective gears to ensure the safe
operation of the turbine
Thus the individual TG governing system imply a need
to

withstand a full load rejection safely

provide appropriate contributions to system frequency
control.
GOVERNING METHODS
• Nozzle Controlled – Steam flow is controlled by
sequential opening or closing of control valves.
Nozzle Control is mainly used with Constant
Pressure
• Throttle Controlled – It is controlled by opening
and closing all the valves simultaneously.
Throttle Control is used with both Constant
Pressure & Variable Pressure.
• WPCL ST is Throttle and Nozzel Controlled
 Types of Governors

There are three types of speed Governors

• Mechanical
• Hydraulic
• Electrical
• Combination of Hydraulic & Electrical
With the increasing amount of automatic control
equipment employed in a power plant greater
demands are being made on turbine governing system
with regard to their response sensitivity & speed of
operation.
An electro hydraulic governing system as thus been
developed which needs these stringent requirements.
Hydraulic Governor

• A hydraulic Governor for a turbine consists

of a centrifugal pump driven from the
main shaft which supplies oil to a cylinder
containing a spring loaded piston or
bellows. The pressure is proportional to
the square of the speed, so the position of
the piston or bellows is a function of
speed.
Electronic Governor

• Speed sensing incorporates a permanent type

shaft driven permanent magnet generator
producing an a.c. wave having frequency of shaft
speed. This wave is fed into an electric filter that
resonates at a frequency corresponding to rated
speed and the output is rectified to produce a d.c
signal proportional to difference between rated
and actual speed. This signal is amplified to form
required speed correction signal.
Parallel Systems
• Modern day turbines are equipped with
two parallel governing systems
(a) Hydraulic
(b) Electro Hydraulic
• Both independent of each other.
Although only one of them comes into
control action at any given point of time,
the other governor acts as a backup and
its output is in the ready- to-takeover
mode (tracking mode).
Governor

Acceleration Load Demand

Rate from ATRS from ULC

Speed
E/H Governor
Valve
Demand

HP IP Generator

Block Schematic
Governor Block Diagram

Steam Flow
Run-up Module Protection Speed/load
Module
Computing

Vacuum trip Condenser

Computing Channels Vacuum

Valve Controllers

Speed
pickup

HP IP Generator
STEAM FLOW COMPUTING

• The principal item of Steam Flow Computing part

is the Computing Channel. There are three
Computing Channels (CC) each working
independently of the other two.
• Basic function of CC is to measure the speed of
the turbine, compare this with a demanded
speed (3000 rpm) and then process the resulting
Speed Error Signal via Droop, Bias and rate of
change circuit to provide valve position signals
for HP/IP Stop, H.P. Governing and I.P.Governing
Valves.
What is Droop?

% of frequency change ( % of RPM change)

will lead to full travel of Governing valves
or full load change.

4% droop means: 4%*50 Hz= 2.0 Hz

will change 135 MW. In terms of output
total change should take place is 100%
 Governing Valve Instruments

• Servo Valves
• Dump Solenoids
• Control & Check LVDT’s
• Feedback LVDTs
• Open/ Close Limit Switches
• Diff. Pressure Switches
• E/H converter Valve ( Moog Valve )
FUNCTIONS OF DEH
• Major functions of DEH control systems are:

1. Turbine latching.
2. Opening and closing of VALVES.
3. Auto adjusting servo system.
4. Auto-Thermal state Judgment.
5. Speed control -Raising speed, setting target speed, setting speed
rate and passing through critical speed automatically.
6. Load control- synchronization with initial load,
7. Over speed protection and power load unbalance.
8. Online test- spray oil test, Valve movement test, HP emergency
tripping solenoid valve test, Over speed test Electrical and
mechanical.
9. ATC thermal stress control.
10.Switching over of control modes Auto/Manual.
 ETS TSI
panel Bearing vib, temp,
casing temp, rotor
DCS- CCS demand temp, MS/HRH pr,
Temp, TSI
UCC Parameters etc

ATC hold, ATC speed/

load rate, ATC heat
soak ATC initial load
DEH panel I/O I/O ATC panel
cards cards

DCS Auto Relay

synchronizer Panel
system
Valve Servo
Positioner valves
Module
All
solenoids
of DEH
 DEH Panel – HMI Interconnection
• Network ENG OPU

100MB/S

DPU DPU

10MB/S

B B B B B B
C C C C C C

V V V V S V V S V V S
A A A A
P P P P D P P D P P D
I O I I
C C C C P C C P C C P
Ladder Logic
 Redundancy
• Redundancy through DCS System

DEH- is designed to accommodate multiple levels of redundancy.

•Functional processor, redundant DPU;
•Redundant power supply;
• Redundant data highway;
• Redundant I/O module communication card;
• Redundant OPC solenoid valves;
• Redundant AST solenoid valves;
• Redundant drive fluid supply loops;
• Two-out-of-three signals
Transducers for speed sensing, megawatt sensing, main steam pressure sensing and
regulation stage pressure sensing are triply configured. Three signals enter the DPU
simultaneously and two-out-of the three will be used in the control loops.
Important contact signals, such as reset and synchronizing signals, come through three
independent I/O cards and the two-out-of-three logic inside DPU before they are used in
control loops.
AUTOMATIC SETTING OF STATIC RELATION OF
SERVO SYSTEM

• Before the unit startup it is necessary to ensure the

static relation setting between
– SERVO CARDS
– SERVO VALVES &
– LVDTs

• It is necessary to guarantee the ACCURACY &

LINEARITY .
AUTO-THERMAL STATE JUDGMENT

It is required to heat the turbine in order to reduce the thermal

stress. DEH Classify the thermal conditions based on inner wall
temperature of HP internal cylinder upper casing at the steam
turbine governing stage.

• COLD STATE T ≤ 150 oC

• WARM STATE 150 < T < 300 oC

• HOT STATE 300 < T < 400 oC

• EXTREME HOT T ≥ 400 oC

STATE
WARM UP

• Because the rotor and casing have large

physical dimension and the temperature of
heated surface rise up rapidly during start-
up, it is necessary to maintain at certain
points during speeding up and load rising
to reduce thermal stress of ST, this
procedure is called warming up.
 CRITICAL SPEED
• The rotor always has its natural frequency.
When the exciting frequency caused by
unbalanced eccentric mass is consistent with
the natural frequency during rotating,
resonant vibration of rotor will occur. The
speed when resonant vibration occurs is called
critical speed. Because resonant vibration
amplitude increases with time and too large
vibration amplitude may damage turbine
generating unit, the steam turbine must
rapidly pass through the critical speed zone.
I/O DETAILS IN DEH
• DEH system adopts intelligent modules to
handle special signal, with which consists of
printed circuit board, electronic components,
microprocessor, I/O interface etc. The following
modules are commonly used in DEH system.
– Analog Input Module AI
– Analog Output Module AO
– Digital Input Module DI
– Digital Output Module DO
– Valve Position Control Module VPC
– Speed Detection and Protection Module SDP
I/O Terminal Board
AI RTD_TB 16 AI 0~125/250mV
AO AO_TB 8AO 0/4~20mA /0/1~5V
DI DI_TB 32DI 24/48VDC，dry contact，1ms SOE
DO DO_TB 16DO Resistance，250VAC/10A，30VDC/10A
Inductive，250VAC/5A，30VDC/3A
VPC VPC_TB 4AI 0/4~20mA ，0/1~5V，2KHz Modulation
1AO -40~40 mA
1AO 4~20mA
7DI 24/48VDC，dry contact
1DO 30VDC/10A
SDP SDP_TB 3PI 1~10KHz
6AI 4~20mA ， 1~5V
8DI 24/48VDC，dry contact
8DO Resistance，250VAC/10A，30VDC/10A
Inductive，250VAC/5A，30VDC/3A
Speed Detection and Protection Module SDP

• SDP module detects turbine speed and judges whether the speed exceeds
limit values of over-speed protection
• the module has function of load rejection anticipation LDA and can
implement online over-speed protection tests.
• SDP module can finish judgment on speed within 20 ms and send out
command signal, so as to ensure turbine speed less than 107% after load
rejection. Also, to ensure the reliability of over-speed protection system,
DEH system use 3 SDP modules, from which, 2 out of 3 outputs will be
made. In such ways, it is possible to prevent error actions and action
failures
• SDP module parameters can be modified upon actual needs of
different users, such as , 103%(OPC) over-speed set values,
110%(AST) over-speed set values. These set valves is stored in
FLASH-ROM OF SDP modules. It can be read and monitored by
engineer.
• The SDP module provides serial interfaces, which is connected to
computer and parameters can be modified.
Valve Position Control Module VPC

• VPC module is especially designed for valve servo-control loop

• The VPC modules are in one to one correspondence with electro-
hydraulic converter, so as to drive actuator individually
• A bump less change over from automatic mode to manual mode is
always possible, and vice versa. It has interlock protection function
when working together with hydraulic safety oil system.
DPU Software
• DEH real-time control software includes two parts, namely, basic
control and ATC control
• Dual redundant DPU
• Collection and control of steam turbine speed, load and pressure, as
well as other basic functions of valve testing, valve management,
over-speed testing and frequency regulation.

• The ATC software is also operated by dual redundant DPU, which

can perform collection and judgment of temperature, pressure, flow
and vibration of steam turbine and major auxiliary equipments, as
well as rotor stress calculation and execute the sequence logic
control for steam turbine automatic startup
Control Functions of DEH

• Speed control
1 . Turbine Reset (remote latch)
2 . Speeding up process
3 . Friction check (Optional)
4 . Fast passing critical speed
Zone
5 . Auto synchronization
 LOAD CONTROL
• With initial load to Connect to Grid
After the close of the generator breakers, DEH system will adjust
adjust turbine running with initial load base on current
situation preventing reverse operating

.Turbine load control mode

1 . Primary frequency regulation
2 . Secondary frequency regulation
a .Boiler following way
b . Steam turbine following way
Pressure regulated by steam turbine
Sliding pressure mode

3 . CCS (coordinated control system)

Primary frequency regulation
• Frequency variation results the rpm fluctuation which is
balanced through ENERGY ACCUMULATION OF THE
BOILER, in which LOAD SET POINT need not to be
changed but we change the opening of control valves.
i.e. power of the generator is changed and make adapt
to random fluctuation of the grid load.
• So, we have to increase or decrease the power i.e.
control valves opening/ closing which means the change
in BOILER ENERGY ACCUMULATION.
Dead zone
• When the rpm of generator falls into the dead zone,
the set will be free of PRIMARY FREQUENCY
REGULATION.
• At this time automatic controller is active and gives
command to generator set (Boiler & Turbine) to carry
out the SECONDARY FREQUENCY REGULATION
Secondary frequency regulation
• This is the second option for changing the
generator power i.e. matching the generation
and demand.
• By changing the load set point, the rpm of
generator is controlled.
Boiler following way

• When the steam turbine control system receive the

instruction of secondary frequency regulation to
increase the load set point, first of all it turns up the
steam turbine’s control valves to increase the
generator power.
• Then the increase of steam flow will decrease the
throttle pressure.
• At this point the boiler control system can detect such
a variation, and then it sends signal to the fuel control
valve to increase the charge of fuel, which will finally
keep the throttle pressure constant.
STEAM TURBINE FOLLOWING WAY

Pressure regulated by steam turbine:

• When the steam turbine control system receive the
instruction of secondary frequency regulation to increase the
load set point, first of all it turns up the fuel control valve.
• With the increase of fuel, the throttle pressure and steam
flow will increase, and as a result the generator power will
increase.
• For the purpose of keeping the throttle pressure constant,
the steam turbine control system adopts the steam pressure
feed back system, which can change the control valves
opening and increase the steam flow and finally keep the
pressure constant
Sliding pressure mode :
• When the steam turbine control system receive the
instruction of secondary frequency regulation to
increase the load set point, first of all it turns up
the fuel control valve.
• With the increase of fuel, the throttle pressure
and steam flow will increase, and as a result the
generator power will increase. But the steam
turbine control system maintains the control valves
in the fully open position.
CCS (coordinated control
system)
• This method has Advantages of both the above ways.
• The power instruction of secondary frequency
regulation directly acts on both systems.
• First, it changes the opening of control valves within
the range of allowable pressure variation.
• By using the BOILER’S ACCUMULATION OF ENERGY,
it improves the load response speed ; meanwhile it
changes the fuel control valve.
• With the change of boiler output, the throttle
pressure is maintained constant.
Single/ Sequence Valve
Transfer
• single valve
1 . Single valve mode lead steam full
admission into turbine
2 . Single valve stands for every valve is
governed synchronously as there is like only one
valve running
3 . Single valve running ensures rotor and
casing heated with steam, which results in less
stress.
• sequence valve
1 . sequence valve mode is partial admission
of steam
2 . sequence valve stands for every valve is
governed separately as they open or close one
by one.
3 . Sequence valve running usually is applied
after unit connected with the grid, that ensure
only one valve running in throttle status and
results in less loss and more heat efficiency.
Main steam pressure control
and limitation
• Main steam pressure control (TCP): In order to
help boiler maintain steam pressure stability,
DEH control pressure before throttle valve.
• Main steam pressure limitation (TPL): When
steam pressure before throttle valve lower than
set point, DEH govern valves by proportional
regulation in order to maintain boiler stability
running until pressure turn back to set value.
RUN BACK
• When some failure occurs in main or auxiliaries, DEH & DCS
interface can quickly release PART OF or the WHOLE LOAD.
• When the runback acts, DEH automatically cancels CCS controls &
power controls & directly reduces the valve position of all valves to
ensure the rapidity of action.
• According to the scale & importance of the equipment failure
(Decided by DCS), RUNBACK can be divided into three grades 1#,
2# & 3#.
• The lower limit of runback 1#, 2# & 3# are 75 %, 50 % & 25 %
respectively.
• Example:
• Grade #1 75% Load : When one MILL is OUT.
• Grade #2 50% Load : When one PA/ID/FD is OUT.
• Grade #3 25% Load : When LOAD REJECTION Occurs.
 MODES OF OPERATION
– operator automatic operating mode (OA)
– turbine automatic control (ATC) operating mode.
– Manual mode
OA operating mode
This is the most basic operating mode of DEH control system, in this
mode, the closed-cycle control of turbine speed and load should be
realized, different protection functions are provided. All kinds of
control signals from the turbine-boiler coordinated control system
can be received. The target speed, target load, speed raising rate
and load raising rate, etc of turbine can be set by operators. In this
operating mode, the ATC program continuously supervises all kinds
of parameters of turbine-generator unit, displays and prints the
information received, performs different calculations, provides
expected value and actual value of rotor stress, also expected
expansion, calculates acceleration and load changing rate, etc,
these will be regarded as reference to guide operator’s operation.
ATC operating mode
In this mode, it is realized that the ATC program startup the unit from
barring speed to synchronous speed, and after synchronization,
takes load from initial load to target load. The target speed, speed
raising rate and load raising rate are determined by internal
computing program or acquired from external equipments.
The ATC operating mode should receive input from external turbine-
boiler coordinated control system, finish load variation required by
external system. At the moment, the ATC program will play its role
 ROLE OF DEH DURING START-UP OF UNIT

STEP 1:LATCH

Precondition: I. Unit should be in Tripped condition

II. All control & stop valve should be CLOSED

Press latch button- 1 YV will Energized .

ZS 1 & ZS 2 will change its position
ZS 1 will Reset Again
When ZS 1 is reset successfully
The latch will be Completed.
* This Process will take around
30 sec.

STEP 2: STR MODE (Starting mode selection)

Precondition for IP Start-up : HP & LP Bypass should be in AUTO &
in Healthy Condition.
Select HIP/IP STR MODE
STEP 3: AUTO/MAN
Manual mode: Operator will set various speed set points.
Auto mode: DEH will Automatically set the speed set point.
Select the required mode.

STEP 4 : RUN
Press RUN – MSV1, MSV 2, RSV1 & RSV2 will open slowly.

STEP 5 : TARGET
Select the TARGET value to 500 r/min
Select the ACCRATE rate (ACCELERATION rate from Start-
up curve)
(NOTE: Target button will show rpm/MW & it will
change automatically with condition)
STEP 6 : GO/HOLD
Press GO button to increase the opening of CVs & ICVs.
While CVs & ICVs Opening, speed will be slowly increased.

STEP 7 : FRIC CHECK (Friction Check)

(It is done for first start-up of Turbine / Overhaul of Turbine.)
Press FRIC CHECK at 500 r/min.
All CVs & ICVs will close to “0” Position & Turbine rpm will
Reduce.
When SPEED ≤ 50 rpm, FRIC CHECK button should be
Pressed again & Note down the time from 500 rpm to 50 rpm.

(NOTE: The time should be in range specified by the

manufacturer.)
STEP 8 : Change the “TARGET” value & “ACCRATE”
(It should be selected as per the START-UP curve of the Turbine.)
At Critical Speed range the Acceleration rate will automatically
goes to 400 rpm/min.
At last SET the TARGET speed to 3000 rpm & Acceleration rate.

STEP 9 : AUTO SYNC (Auto Synchronization )

After getting Electrical Permissives Press AUTO SYNC.
It will provide permit to Synchronize the Gen. Bkr.
After Gen, Bkr. “ON”, AUTO SYNC button automatically gets “OFF”

NOTE: I. After Synchronization REFERENCE VALUE will add

2 ~5 %.
(REFERANCE VALUE is the Comprehensive calculated
value of all CONTROL VALVE opening)
II. Before Gen. Bkr. ON, The TARGET will show “r/min” &
After Gen. bkr. ON, it will show “MW”.
STEP 10 : Change the “TARGET” value to increase the “LOAD”

Set “TARGET” (load)

Set “LOAD RATE”

Press “GO”
 The initial load will be around 6 ~ 20 MW, Based on DEH Pressure
& Temperature calculation.
 When load is more then 9 MW, “LOAD CONTROL” will be
“ON” Automatically.
 When load is less then 9 MW, It will Automatically goes to “VALVE
CONTROL”

STEP 11 : TP CTL ( Throttle Pressure Control/Turbine Follow Mode)

After pressing TP CTL “ON” we need to set “TARGET ” in MPa
& “TP RATE” in MPa /min.

NOTE: TP CTL mode is a good mode for stable running of boiler

STEP 12 : CCS CTL

Before putting in CCS mode TURBINE & BOILER should be in “AUTO”.
 SOME OTHER FUNCTION & COMMONDS IN DEH

1. RUN BACK : When some important Auxiliaries of Boiler / Turbine

(ID/FD/PA/BFP/APH/COAL MILL) Trips, RUN
BACK will take care of LOAD & PRESSURE.

2. SING/SEQ : (Single Valve & Sequential Valve control)

 In Single Valve control all control valve opening
percentage will be same. It is preferred during START-
UP & LOAD UP of Turbine to uniformly heat up the HP
Cylinder.
 Sequential Valve control is put into service after 70 ~ 80
% of Load (Specified by manufacturer ) to reduce
THROTTLE LOSSES.

3. PLU IN : When there is a problem in electrical side and gen. Bkr. Gets
open (Load Throw off ), then PLU IN will take care of unit. (It
will fast cut the opening of control valve)
3. TPC IN : (Throttle Pressure Control)
When the pressure is lower then the limit value than
control will go to valve control to maintain the pressure
limit.

5. CASE CHANGE : If the IP start the ICVs will open till Gen. Bkr. not
closed. When Gen. Bkr. is closed & load is
around 30 ~ 40 MW, Press “CASE CHANGE”. It
will open HP control valve for further loading.
 AUTO LIMIT

1. VALVE POSITION LIMIT :

If we will set it to 80 %, than valve (Reference) will not open more
then 80 %.

2. LOAD LIMIT :
 HIGH LOAD LIMIT : Set the higher limit for the LOAD (20 ~ 135
MW).
 LOW LOAD LIMIT : Set the lower limit for the LOAD (0 ~ 20MW) to
take care of reverse power protection. If the value of MW gets lower
than this limit, then valve will open automatically to maintain this limit.
3. TP LIMIT : (Throttle Pressure LIMIT)
When the pressure is lower then the limit value then
control will go to valve control to maintain the pressure
limit.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRICAL
GOVERNING SYSTEM

 House load operation is possible within

acceptable range of frequency.
 Provision of load controller - Proportional +
Integral control action as against pure
proportional action of Hydraulic governors.
 Provision of taking aspects of thermal stresses
of different parts of the turbine during startup.
This is valuable for enhancing life of the
Turbine.
 Accurate control of the desired acceleration of
the machine during rolling.
 Accurate control of the load gradient while
loading the machine.
First stage frequency control
• When the rotation speed reaches the 103% of
rated speed, the overspeed limit electro-
magnetic valve and the interrupting electro-
magnetic valves of the servomotor of every
adjusting valve act at the same time, to
discharge the oil of overspeed limit (OPC), then
each adjusting valve closes quickly by the force
of the spring force of operation board of the
valve and the steam pressure; When the
rotation speed falls to 3090r/min, every electro-
magnetic valve resets, and then open the
adjusting valves again, and keep the speed of
turbine at 3000r/min.
• When oil switch of generator trips and exhaust steam
pressure of intermediate pressure cylinder exceeds 15%
of rated pressure (the load is no less than 15% of rated
load), the overspeed limit electro-magnetic valve and the
interrupting electro-magnetic valves of the servomotor of
every adjusting valve act at the same time, to discharge
the oil of overspeed limit (OPC), then each adjusting
valve closes quickly by the force of the spring force of
operation board of the valve and the steam pressure;
After the resetting period (2s) every electro-magnetic
valve resets, then open the adjusting valves again, and
keep the speed of turbine at 3000r/min.
• According to the requirements of #1, 2and 3,
press the two buttons of “shutdown” on the
operating console, then the mechanical
shutdown electro-magnetic valve (3YV), the
high-pressure interrupting electro-magnetic
valve (5YV、6YV、7YV、8YV) and the
interrupting electro-magnetic valve of every
servomotor act to discharge the HPT, and
quickly close the main throttle valve and the
adjusting valve to shut down the turbine.
项 目Item 整 定 值Setting value

TSI超速TSI overspeed 3300 r/min

DEH超速DEH overspeed 3300 r/min
轴向位移Axial displacement +1.2mm/-1.65mm

高中压差胀High-and-middle pressure differential expansion +6.2mm/-3.2mm

低压差胀Low pressure differential expansion +7.2mm/-6.2mm

凝汽器真空Vacuum of condenser 19.7kPa
低压缸排气温度Exaust temperature of low press cylinder 120℃
润滑油压低Low lubrication oil pressure 0.0392MPa

高压抗燃油压低Low pressure of high-pressure fire-resistant oil 7.8 MPa

高压安全油压低Low pressure of high-pressure safety oil 7.8 MPa

#1~4轴承箱回油温度Regenerated oil temperature of bearing
75℃（手动）(manual)
box1~4
#1~4任一轴瓦温度高High temperature of any of #1~4 bearing 115℃（手动）
bush (manual)
#1、#6任一推力瓦温度Temperature of any of #1 and #6 thrust 110℃（手动）
pad (manual)
#1~#5任一轴承盖振动大Vibration of any of #1~#5 bearing cap 0.08mm（手动）
 When the unit reaches the adjusted value in
the following abnormal conditions the electro-
magnetic valve of mechanical shutdown(3YV),
the high-pressure interrupting electro-
magnetic valve (5YV、6YV、7YV、8YV) and
the interrupting electro-magnetic valve of all
the servomotors act to discharge the HPT and
shut the main throttle valve and the adjusting
valve quickly to shut down the turbine.
• According to the requirements, rotate the
handgrip of the hand trip gear 30 degrees
to the left side on site to make it leave the
self-lock position, then draw the hand trip
gear to make the mechanical interrupting
valve act to discharge high-pressure safety
oil (HPT) and close the main throttle valve
and the adjusting valve quickly to shut
down the turbine
• The static relations of servo valves, LVDT
and servo-board must be set to guarantee
the control accuracy and linearity of every
servo system, so as to meet the
requirements about the static relations
servo-system made by the unit. MSV, CV
and ICV can be checked at the same time
or respectively, and the test can be
proceeded on the image “static-relation
setting of valve” of DEH.
• Test on the movement of valve rods of the high and
intermediate main throttle valves and adjusting valves.
• Test conditions
• All the main throttle valves are completely open
• The load is between 70MW and 100MW
• Switch the key switch “test permission” on the
operational board to the “test” position, enter the image
“test on valves of turbine” on the OTS image, press the
button “test on movement of valves”, then the image of
“test” state appears, and then choose the “MSV1 test”,
“MSV2 test”,“MSV3 test” and “RSV2 test” with the mouse.
Whichever main throttle valve is chosen the adjusting
valve at the same side closes gradually from the current
position. Then until the main throttle valve closes
completely the adjusting begins to close gradually. Then
the main throttle valve begins to open automatically and
gradually after its complete closure. And when the main
throttle valve is completely open the adjusting valve at
the same side begins to open gradually till the position
before the test.
• When the 5YN or 7YN is tested, the
intermediate oil pressure will fall and then the
pressure switch PS4 sends out messages,
which means that the tested electro-magnetic
valve has worked effectively. When the 6YN or
8YN is tested, the intermediate oil pressure will
rise and then the pressure switch PS5 sends
out messages, which means that the tested
electro-magnetic valve has worked effectively.
And the corresponding position of the electro-
magnetic valve on the OTS image will turn to
red, when the test is finished the red vanishes.
If the test comes through it will display
“success”(green), while if the test loses it will
display “failure”(red)
• Test on the tightness of the valves of turbine.
• Matters needing attention and specifications
• The unit has not been combined to network.
• ny other test on the unit has not been done
• The speed of the rotor of turbine is between 2990r/min and
3010r/min.
• The DEH is at the “automatic” state
• The test key switch on the DEH manual board is at the “test”
position.
• The test pressure is not below 50% of the rated main steam
pressure.
• Rated vacuum should be met
• Test on the tightness of the main throttle valve
• Press the “main throttle valve test” button, and then the button
displays “test” and turns into red. The control method changes from
“automatic” to “manual”, the entire main throttle valves close, and
the speed of the turbine decreases. The system will display and
record the race time of the turbine. Then the DEH will judge the
tightness of the main throttle valves according to the “acceptable
speed” and the time needed to reach the “acceptable speed” ever
calculated before the test
• Then press the “oil-injection test” button
on the image “oil-injection test” of OTS,
the electro-magnetic valve for isolating
4YV is electrified, the exhaustion of the
high-pressure security oil is cut off, the
junction of travel switch ZS4 close, then
the junction of ZS5 breaks and if it
reaches the test position messages will
be sent out. When DEH receives the
messages the oil-injection electro-
magnetic valve 2YN is electrified, then
the oil is injected.
  The test must be stopped when the vacuum falls to
–86.66kpa, and then open the air gate of the air
ejector
– 真空严密性试验评价标准：The evaluation criterion of
the test on the tightness of vacuum.

– 单 位Unit优Excellent良Good合 格RegularkPa/min-
0.133-0.266-0.399
 INTERLOCK & PROTECTION
EH OIL PUMP
1. Operating pump trips : Start up Standby pump Automatically
2. EH Oil pump Discharge Pressure ≤ 11.20 MPa : Start up Standby
pump Automatically (Within 5 sec)
3. EH Oil pump Discharge Pressure ≤ 7.80 MPa : Stop Both pumps
OIL LEVEL
1. Alarm (HIGH) ≥ 680 mm
2. Alarm (LOW I) ≤ 320 mm
3. Alarm (LOW II) ≤220 mm
OIL TEMPERATURE
1. Temp. ≤ 320C : Start circulation pump Automatically, Start Heater
2. Temp. ≥ 500C : Stop the same.
3. Temp. ≥ 550C : Temperature control system Automatic ON
4. Temp. ≤ 40 0C. : Temperature control system Automatic OFF

BACK
STATE OF SWITCHES DURING LATCHING
Solenoid/ Before Latch
Latch
Switch Latch Process Begin Complete
1 YV DE-ENERGIZED ENERGIZED DE-ENERGIZED
(AFTER SENSING THE
PRESSURE FROM
PS1/PS2/PS3)

ZS1 OPEN CLOSE OPEN

ZS2 OPEN CLOSE CLOSE

PS1 / PS2 / NO PRESS. PRESSURE PRESSURE

PS3
IV. . Load limitation
• When abnormal operating conditions or abnormal steam
parameters appear, in order to protect unit and restore normal
operation as soon as possible, the control subsystem should restrict
function or load of unit, it should at least include:
a). Limitation of power feedback (switch off) — when the difference
between measured power and set value of power exceeds ruled
value, the control system will switch off power feedback loop
automatically, the load control mode will be changed from closed-
cycle control to open-cycle control, the set value of power will
decline at the same time, so as to avoid incorrect actions of steam
valves during load rejection of generator and guarantee the safety
of unit.
b). Limitation of variable load factor —— the stress margin coefficient
of unit will be supervised automatically during operation according
to the result from on-line thermal stress computing, when the
margin coefficient falls to ruled value, the limiting loop can
automatically and proportionally decline the variable load factor
which is manually selected, so as to stabilize or restore margin
coefficient, if necessary, tripping signal is given to make the unit out
of service.
c). Maximum load limitation and minimum load limitation — limiting
values are given by operators, and they can be changed any time
according to requirements.
d). Limitation of acceleration — besides load control loop, the
acceleration limiting loop is installed, the valve position directive
which varies inversely as acceleration of speed is given, so as to
 AUTOMATIC LIMIT FUNCTION

High load limit:

o Operator can setup the high load limit in the “AUTOMATIC
LIMIT” menu in the OIS (20 ~ 330MW) to ensure the
DEH setting is always smaller than the limit. After the system
is powered on, the high load limit is set up as 330 MW. If at
this point the load is higher than the limit, it will be
automatically reduced to the limit.

Low load limit:

o Operator can setup the high load limit in the “AUTOMATIC
LIMIT” menu in the OIS (0 ~ 20MW) to ensure the
DEH setting is always greater than the limit. After the system
is powered on, the low load limit is automatically set up as 3
MW.

Valve position limit :

o Operator can setup the valve position limit in the
“AUTOMATIC LIMIT” menu in the OIS (0 ~ 120 %),