Chapter 9 Objectives

Define the components required Understand the various

for successful communications communications technologies

Identify various sending Identify uses of intranets

and receiving devices and extranets

Explain the purpose of

Chapter 9 Explain communications
applications
communications software

Communications and List advantages of using

Understand the
telephone network
Networks a network
Describe commonly used
Differentiate between a local communications devices
area network
and a wide area network
Identify various physical and
wireless transmission media
Next
p.9.2

Communications Communications
What are computer communications? What is needed for successful communications?
• Process in which one computer transfers data, instructions, sending device
and information to another computer(s)
Communications
system contains many
types of devices communications device
(a) personal computers
(b) notebook computers b f a
(c) Web-enabled cellular c communications channel
telephones c
(d) Web-enabled
handheld computers communications device
(e) WebTV™ a a
Next (f) GPS receivers e d
Next
receiving device
p.9.2 Fig. 9-1 a p.9.2

Sending and
Communications
Receiving Devices
What is the primary function of a communications What is a sending and receiving device?
device?
• To convert digital signals to analog signals or • Initiates or accepts transmission of data, instructions, and
information
analog signals to digital signals
analog signal
notebook computers
Continuous mid-range servers
electrical wave

digital signal
Distinct pulses that desktop computers mainframe computers
represent bits grouped
together into bytes

Internet appliances and

Next Next Web-enabled devices
p.9.3 Fig. 9-2 p.9.3

1
 Uses of Uses of Communications
Communications Technologies
What are some Technologies What is instant messaging (IM)?
1: Login to the IM server
uses of Step 2
2: Server checks if any Step 1
communications established friends,
technology? voice mail fax family, or co-workers,
called buddies, are online
3: Send instant messages IM server

instant to online buddy

e-mail chat rooms
messaging 4: Instant message travels
through messaging Step 3
server and then to online
buddy messaging
newsgroups telephony videoconferencing server

Next Next
collaboration groupware global positioning
p.9.4 p.9.6 Fig. 9-4 Step 4
system (GPS)

Uses of Communications Uses of Communications

Technologies Technologies
What is a chat room? What is a newsgroup?
• Permits users to
converse in real time • Area on the Web where
via the Internet users conduct written
discussions about a
• Types of chat rooms
particular subject
– Voice chats
• Also called threaded
– Video chats discussion
– Radio chats

Next Next
p.9.6 Fig. 9-5 p.9.7

Uses of Communications Uses of Communications

Technologies Technologies
What is Internet telephony? What is collaboration? chat
chat
• Enables you to talk to other people over the Internet • Working with other users connected to a server room
room
• You can conduct online meetings
– Allows you to everyone
everyone
share inonline
in online
documents meeting
meeting
cansee
can see
with others in andedit
edit
and
real time document
document
• Microsoft’s
NetMeeting allows
collaboration
NetMeeting
NetMeeting
window
window
Next Next
p.9.8 p.9.9 Fig. 9-7

2
 Uses of Communications Uses of Communications
Technologies Technologies
What is groupware? What is a global positioning system (GPS)?
• Software application that helps groups of people 1: GPS satellites orbit
the earth. Every
work together on projects and share information thousandth of a
over a network second, each satellite Step 1
sends a signal that
– Lotus Notes indicates its current
– Microsoft Exchange position to the GPS
receiver.

2: GPS receiver (such “Where

as in a car) determines am I?”
manage projects communicate its location on Earth by
analyzing signals from
the satellites.
schedule make group Step 2
Next meetings decisions Next
p.9.10 p.9.10 Fig. 9-8

Uses of Communications
Networks
Technologies
What is a Digital Angel? necklace lets What is a site license?
doctor’s office keep
• Necklace, bracelet, tabs on you in real • Legal agreement that allows multiple users to run
or receiver woven time a software package simultaneously
into fabric that • License fee usually based on number of users or
communicates with number of computers attached to network
another party using
GPS satellite
system
• Measures and
sends biological
information to
Next Next
p.9.10
satellite p.9.11

Networks Networks networkoperating

operating
network
systemand
system and
application software
What is a local area What is a peer-to-peer LAN? application software
installedon
installed oneach
each
network (LAN) ? • Small network that computer
computer

• Network in shares hardware,

limited data, or information
located on any other
geographical computer in network
area such as
• Each computer stores
home, school files on its own
computer storage devices
laboratory, or
office building
printermay
printer maybebeused
usedby
by
Next nodes in network Next allcomputers
all computersonon
p.9.12 Fig. 9-9 p.9.13 Fig. 9-11 network
network

3
 Networks Networks
What is a client/server LAN? What is a wide area
• Network in which one or more computers act as a server and network (WAN)? communications
other computers on the network can request services from satellite
• Network that covers
server
large geographic area
client client client • Internet is world’s
largest WAN

Next Next
p.9.14 Fig. 9-12 p.9.15 Fig. 9-13
laser printer server

Networks Networks
What is an Internet use of peer-to-peer (P2P)? What is a metropolitan area network (MAN) ?
• Backbone network
• Enables users that connects local
with same area networks in a
networking metropolitan area
software to
connect to each such as a city or
other’s hard disks town
and exchange files
directly

Next Next
p.9.16 Fig. 9-14 p.9.16

Networks Networks
What is a network topology? What is a bus network?
• Configuration, or physical arrangement, of devices in a • Consists of a
communications network single central personal personal personal
computer computer computer
• Networks usually use combinations of three topologies
cable, to which all
computers and
other devices
connect
bus • Bus is physical
cable or
ring backbone
star • Inexpensive and
Next Next
easy to install
p.9.16 p.9.17 Fig. 9-15 personal personal
computer computer

4
 Networks Networks
What is a ring network? What is a star network?
• Cable forms closed • All devices
ring, or loop, with all connect to a
computers and central computer, personal computer
devices arranged called the hub
along ring • All data
personal computer
transferred from
• Data travels from one computer to
device to device another passes
around entire ring, through hub personal computer

in one direction personal computer

host
computer

Next Next
p.9.16 Fig. 9-16 p.9.18 Fig. 9-17
printer
file server

Networks Networks
What are network communications What is Ethernet?
technologies? • LAN technology that
• Specific combinations of hardware and software allows personal personal personal personal
computer computer computer
that allow different devices on several types of computers to
networks to communicate contend for access
to network
• Based on bus
Ethernet token ring technology

TCP/IP WAP
Next Next
p.9.18 p.9.19
personal personal
computer computer

Networks Networks
What is token ring? What is TCP/IP? packets
• LAN technology that controls access to network by • Short for Data divided into small
requiring network devices to share or pass a special transmission control pieces called packets
signal, called a token protocol/Internet
• Device with token protocol routers
can transmit data over • Transmits data by Devices that direct
network breaking it up into packets along fastest
• Only one token exists packets available path
per network • Commonly used for
• Based on ring topology, Internet packet switching
although it can use transmissions
Technique of breaking a
star topology message into packets,
sending packets, and then
reassembling data
Next Next
p.9.19 p.9.19

5
 Networks Networks
What is the Wireless Applications Protocol (WAP)? What is an intranet? has a Web server
• Internal network that
• Allows wireless mobile devices to access Internet uses Internet
and its services technologies
• Wireless device contains • Lets company make
client software, which information accessible to accessible via a
Web browser
employees and facilitate
connects to Internet
working in groups
service provider's
• Typically includes a
server
connection to Internet
users can post and update
information on intranet by
Next Next
creating and posting a Web
p.9.20 p.9.20 page

Networks Networks
What is an extranet? What is a firewall?
• Allows customers or • Hardware and/or software that restricts access to
suppliers to access data and information on network
part of company’s
intranet

personal computer
printer

customer checking
package on Fed Ex’s personal computer corporate
network
personal computer
Internet
intranet via the Internet

personal computer personal computer

Next Next

firewall
p.9.20 Fig. 9-18 p.9.21 Fig. 9-19

personal computer personal computer

Networks Networks
What is a home network? What is an intelligent home network?
™ Multiple computers connected together in home • Extends basic
• Ways to connect home network
– Ethernet – connect to include
each computer via
cable features such
– HomePLC as lighting
(powerline cable) – control,
use electrical lines in
house thermostat
– Phoneline – use adjustment,
telephone lines and security
– HomeRF (radio
frequency) –
system
Next Next
wireless
p.9.22 Fig. 9-20 p.9.23

6
 Communications Communications
Software Software
What is communications software? What is file transfer protocol (FTP)?
• Programs that help establish connection to another • Internet fileson
files onthe
the
computer or network standard that FTPserver
FTP server

allows you to
upload and
download files
to and from a
Web server,
called the FTP
server fileson
onyour
your
files
computer
computer

Next Next
p.9.23 p.9.24 Fig. 9-23

The Telephone The Telephone

Network Network
What is the public switched telephone network What is a dial-up line and a dedicated line?
(PSTN)? • Dial-up line is temporary connection using telephone line
• Worldwide telephone system that handles voice-oriented for communications
telephone calls • Dedicated line is line always connected between two
communications devices

satellite Advantages of
Advantages dedicated line
of dial-up line
1. Quality and
1. Costs no more than
consistency of
making regular call
connection are better
2. Computers at any two
2. Computer locations
locations can establish a
most of the PSTN use are fixed
connection using
Next digital technology Next modems and telephone 3. Can be digital or analog
p.9.25 Fig. 9-24 final link from local telephone p.9.25 network
analog signal company to home or office analog signal

The Telephone The Telephone

Network Network
What is transfer rate? What are popular types of digital dedicated
• Speed at which a line carries data and information lines?
• Faster the transfer rate, the faster you can send and receive
data and information
• Usually expressed as a measure of bits per second

bits per second

(bps)

kilobits per second

(Kbps)
megabits per second
(Mbps)
Next
gigabits per second Next
p.9.26
(Gbps) p.9.26 Fig. 9-25

7
 Communications Communications
Devices Devices
What is a communications device? What is a dial-up modem?
• Any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, • Communications device that converts computer's digital
instructions, and information between sending device and signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals
receiving device • ISDN and DSL use digital modem with a digital telephone
line

cable mo + dem
dial-up modems modems
modulate demodulate
ISDN and DSL network To convert a To convert an
Next modems interface cards Next digital signal into analog signal into a
p.9.27 p.9.28 an analog signal digital signal

Communications Communications
Devices Devices
What is a cable modem? What is a network interface card (NIC)?
• Modem that sends and receives data over cable • Card inserted into
television network expansion slot of NIC for desktop
computer
• Much faster than personal computer or
modem or ISDN other device, enabling it
• Usually attaches to connect to a network
to network
card

Next Next
p.9.29 Fig. 9-28 cable modem p.9.29 Fig. 9-29 NIC for notebook
computer

Communications Communications
Devices Channel
What is a hub? What is a channel?
• Device that • Communications path between two devices
provides a
central
point for
cables in a bandwidth
transmission media
network Width of communications
Materials or techniques capable
channel
of carrying one or more signals
hub

Next Next
p.9.30 Fig. 9-30 p.9.31

8
 Communications Physical Transmission
Channel Media
Sending a request over the Internet What is physical transmission media?
sending device • Wire, cable, and other tangible (touchable)
1: Sending device
requests information
communications satellite
materials used to send communications signals
2: When request leaves
the ISP, it travels over a earth-based stations
modem
variety of lines until it
reaches Internet T1 lines T1 lines
backbone
microwave station
3: Request travels over T1 lines
ISP
T3 lines along Internet T1 lines
backbone destination
T3 lines T3 lines
mainframe computer
4: Request network server
travels over T1 Internet
lines until it T3 lines
backbone
reaches
Next Next
destination mainframe computer
p.9.31 Fig. 9-31
network server p.9.32 Fig. 9-32
T1 lines

Physical Transmission Physical Transmission

Media Media
What is twisted-pair cable? What is coaxial cable?
• Transmission media used by telephone system and • Single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers
network cabling • Often used
for cable
television
wiring

twisted pair cable coaxial cable

twisted-pair cable twisted-pair wire
woven or
copper wire
braided metal

Next Next
p.9.33 Fig. 9-33 p.9.33 Fig. 9-34 plastic outer insulating
coating material

Physical Transmission Wireless Transmission

Media Media
What is fiber-optic cable? What is wireless transmission media?
• Contains core of dozens or hundreds of thin strands • Send communications signals through air or space
of glass or plastic • Used when inconvenient, impractical, or impossible to install
• Uses light to transmit signals cables
optical
fiber core

cable
contains
many optical
fibers

glass
cladding

outer
Next covering Next
protective
p.9.34 Fig. 9-35 coating
fiber-optic jacket
cable between p.9.34 Fig. 9-36

floors of a building

9
 Wireless Transmission Wireless Transmission
Media Media
What is an What is cellular radio?
example of • Form of broadcast radio used widely for mobile
communications
a wireless
local area
network? mobile telephone
switching office calling party
(MTSO) in auto

switch

cell

public switched
cell telephone
cell
network
access base station
(microwave
Next point Next cell station)
p.9.36 Fig. 9-38 p.9.36 Fig. 9-39
called
party

Wireless Transmission Wireless Transmission

Media Media
What is a microwave station? What is a communications satellite?
• Earth-based reflective • Space station that
dish that contains receives microwave
antenna, transceivers, signals from an
and other equipment earth
- based station,
necessary for microwave
communications amplifies the
• Uses line-of-sight
signals, and then
transmission broadcasts the
– Must transmit in signals back over a
straight line with no wide area to any
obstructions between number of earth-
microwave antennas based stations
Next Next
p.9.38 Fig. 9-40 p.9.38 Fig. 9-41

Wireless Transmission Summary of

Media Communications and
What is infrared (IR)? Networks
• Wireless transmission • Communications
media that sends signals • Sending and receiving devices
using infrared light waves • Uses of communications technologies
• Requires line-of-sight • Networks
transmission • Communications software
• Many computers and • Telephone network
devices have an IrDA port • Communications devices
that enables transfer of data
• Communications channel
using infrared light rays
• Physical transmission media
• Wireless transmission media
Next
p.9.39 Fig. 9-42
Chapter 9 Complete

10