Quizz FMS 2

Week 1
1. Desribe the differenciation of outer cell mass and inner cell mass of the blastocyst!
2. Write down bones and joints of Ossa membri superiors!
3. Write down bones and joints of Ossa membri inferiors!
4. Describe the differences between Fibroblasts and Macrophage!
5. Describe the differences between Collagen and Elastin fibers!
6. Decribes the formation or development and the function of 3 main cell in bone deposit
and resorption!
7. Describe the formation or development and function of 3 main substance or hormonal in
homeostasis/balance of ion calcium plasma regulation!

Week 2-Week3
1. Describe the development of common atrium (Atrium communis) partition into right
atrium (Atrium dextra) and left atrium (Atrium sinistra)!
2. Write down the structures at the anterior region of brachium!
2.1 muscles
2.2 functions of the muscles
2.3 arterial supply
3. Write down the structures at the medial region of femur!
3.1 muscles
3.2 functions of the muscles
3.3 arterial supply
4. Describe the differences between skeletal muscles and smooth muscles! (morphologic
and functional)
5. Describe the differences between Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification!
(process and functional)
6. Describe the differences between a Muscular artery and a Large artery!
7. Describe the electrical action potential transmission in neuromuscular junction in
exciting muscle action potential!
8. Describe the processes in muscular contraction according to actin-myosin sliding theory!
9. Describe the mechanism of 3 main neural regulation of blood vessel during increase and
decrease in blood pressure, increase and decrease CO 2 and H+!
10. Describe the mechanism of hormonal regulation of blood vessels!

Week 4
1. Describe the development of mid gut!
2. Abdomen:
2.1 Jelaskan batas-batasnya!
2.2 Sebutkan 3 arteri dan organ yang diurusnya!
3. Pelvis
3.1 Sebutkan batas rongga pelvis!
3.2 Sebutkan 6 arteri dan organ yang diurus!
4. Describe the differences between Oligodendroglias and Schwann cell! (morphologic and
functional)
5. Describe the differences between Meissner’s and Pacini’s corpuscle! (morphology,
function, and location microscopically)
6. Describe the smooth muscle characteristic that different with skeletal muscle!
7. Describe the mechanism of the contraction and relaxtion in smooth muscle!

Week 5
1. Describe the development of neural fold (plica neuralis)!
2. Describe the division of trigonum colli anterior!
3. Jelaskan struktur yang menyusun otak dan medulla spinalis
A. Sebutkan struktur yang menyusun otak!
B. Sebutkan segmen medulla spinalis!
4. Jelaskan mengenai saraf spinalis
A. Membentuk kumpulan saraf apa dan sebutkan area yang diurusnya!
B. Sebutkan jenis neuron yang berjalan dalam N.spinalis!
5. Describe the differences between Sensory and Motor Neurons! (impuls conducting, aksi
potential, and morphology of the cell)
6. Describe the differences between an Astrocyte and Microglia! (morphology and
functional)
Week 1
1. Desribe the differenciation of outer cell mass and inner cell mass of the blastocyst!
1.1 Trophoblast
1.2 Syncytiotrophoblast
1.3 Cytotrophoblast
1.4 Embryoblast
1.5 Ectoderm
1.6 Entoderm
1.7 Mesoderm

2. Write down bones and joints of Ossa membri superiores!

a. Bones of Ossa membri superiors:
1) Humerus
2) Radius
3) Ulna
4) Carpal
5) Metacarpal
6) Phalanges
b. Joints of Ossa membri superiors:
1) Shoulder joint: Glenohumerale
2) Elbow joint: Humeroradialis & humeroulnaris
3) Wrist joint: Ulnocarpalis & radiocarpalia
4) Joints of hand: Intercarpalia, carpometacarpalia, metacarpophalangea,
interphalangea

3. Write down bones and joints of Ossa membri inferiors!

a. Bones of Ossa membri inferiores:
1) Coxa
2) Femur
3) Tibia
4) Fibula
5) Metatarsal
6) Metacarpal
b. Joints of Ossa membri inferiores:
1) Hip joint: articulation coxa
2) Knee joint: femorotibial
3) Ankle joint: talocruralis
4) Joints of foot: tarsitransversi (Chopart’s joint), tarsometarsal (Lisfranc’s joint),
metatarsophalangealis, interphalangea

4. Describe the differences between Fibroblasts and Macrophage!

. Fibroblast Macrophage
Inti -bulat/lonjong -berlekuk/ginjal
-kromatin halus -kromatin lebih kasar

Sitoplasma -tidak tampak -berbayang

Fungsi -membentuk zat extrasel -fagositosis

5. Describe the differences between Collagen and Elastin fibers!

. Kolagen Elastin
Serat -berfibril -homogen
-tidak bercabang-bercabang

Sifat -kuat -elastis

-tidak tahan panas -tahan panas

Pulasan -Mallory* -Orcein

khusus -Masson* -Resorcin fuchsin
-van Glesen*
6. Decribes the formation or development and the function of 3 main cell in bone deposit
and resorption!
a. Osteoblast
Develop from osteoprogenitor cell or osteogenic cell and found on surface of bone
Function: -bone forming cells
-no ability to mitotically devide
-collagen secretors
b. Osteocytes
Derived from osteo blast which trapped in the matrix(osteoid) the formed
Function: -mature bone cells
-do not secret matrix material
-cellular duties include exchange of nutrients and waste with blood (have Cal
& Phosphate concentrate in mitochondria)
c. Osteoclast
Develop in bone marrow by fusion 0f 3-50 stem cells and reside in pits that they ate into
the bone
Function: -bone resorbing cells
-bone surface
-growth, maintenance, dan bone repair

7. Describe the formation or development and function of 3 main substance or hormonal in

homeostasis/balance of ion calcium plasma regulation!
a. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D (Calcitriol)
Derive from 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin) in skin with ultra violet of sun  Vitamin
D3 (25-[OH]-Cholecalciferol)  hepar (25-Hydroxylase)  25-[OH]-Hydroxylase 
Kidney (1--hydroxylase)  1,25-[OH]2-Cholecalciferol (calcitriol)
Function:
- Intestine: Calc absorption, dihydroxylase absorption
- Bone: Mineralization (indirect), bone resorption (direct effect by osteoclast)
- Kidney: Calc reabsorption (weak effect), Phosphat reabsorption (weak
effect)
b. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
PTH – secreted by parathyroid gland with local calc blood level
Function:
- Overall, increases Ca2+ level in bloodstreams
- Stimulates differentiation of osteoclast (osteoblast to release osteoclast-
stimulating factor (RANKL) increasing osteoclast population)
- Decreases loss of Ca2+ (promotes calcium resorption) by kidneys (more is
retained in bloodstream)
- Increases calcitriol synthesis via 1--3-hydroxylase (promotes calcitriol
synthesis is the kidney (an increases adsorption Ca2+ in intestine)
- Inhibits collagen synthesis and bone deposition by osteoblast activityless
bone formation, mineral deposition

c. Calcitonin
Calcitonin-secreted by C cells (clear cells) (parafolliculer) of the thyroid gland when
calcium concentration rises too high
Funtion: lowers blood calcium concentration in two ways:
osteoclast inhibition
-reduces osteoclastactivity as much as 70% (large dose in 15 minutes)
less bone dissolution and mineral resorption
-preventformation of new osteoclast
-less calcium liberated from bone
osteoblast stimulation
-increases the number and activity of osteoblast ( an hour)
increase in bone formation, mineral deposition
-deposits calcium into the skeleton
Week 2-Week3
1. Describe the development of common atrium (Atrium communis) partition into right
atrium (Atrium dextra) and left atrium (Atrium sinistra)!
1.1 *Septum primum
1.2 *Endocardial cushion
1.3 *Foramen primum
1.4 *Septum secundum
1.5 *Foramen ovale

2. Write down the structures at the anterior region of brachium!

2.4 Muscles
2.4.1 *m. biceps brachii caput longum
2.4.2 *m. biceps brachii caput brevis
2.4.3 *m. bracialis
2.4.4 *m. brachioradialis
2.5 functions of the muscles: *flexio antebrachii
2.6 arterial supply: *A. brachialis

3. Write down the structures at the medial region of femur!

3.4 Muscles
3.4.1 *m. adductor magnus
3.4.2 *m. adductor longus
3.4.3 *m. adductor brevis
3.4.4 *m. gracilis
3.5 functions of the muscles: *adductio femur
3.6 arterial supply: *A. obturatorius

4. Describe the differences between skeletal muscles and smooth muscles! (morphologic
and functional)
Karakteristik Skeletal Smooth
Bentuk serat -silinder panjang -fusiform
Inti -banyak di tepi -tunggal di pusat/tengah
Sitoplasma -bercorak -polos
Kontraksi -volunteer -involunteer

5. Describe the differences between Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification!

(process and functional)
Aspek Intramembranosa Endokondral
Proses -dalam jaringan ikat -ada model tulang rawan (cartlage model)
-ada trabekel tulang -ada zona-zona
Fungsi -bentuk tulang pipih -bentuk tulang pendek dan panjang

6. Describe the differences between a Muscular artery and a Large artery!

. Muscular Large
MorphologI -lam. Elast. Interna -t. media penih lembaran elastin
-lam. Elast. Eksterna
-vasa vasorum (-) -vasa vasorum (+)
Fungsi -distribusi drh ke organ -konduksi/salurkan darah ke seluruh tubuh
Contoh -art yang ada nama -aorta/cabangnya

7. Describe the electrical action potential transmission in neuromuscular junction in

exciting muscle action potential!
The sequence of the electrical action potential transmission in neuromuscular junction
are:
7.1 Action potentials arriving at the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gated Ca 2+
channels to open
7.2 Ca2+ diffuse into the cell and cause synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine, a
neurotransmitter molecule..(Release ACh)
7.3 Acetylcholine diffuses from the presynaptic terminal across the synaptic cleft.
Acetylcholine molecules combine with their receptor sites and cause ligand-gated
Na+ channels to open (Activation of ACh receptors).
7.4 Na+ diffuse into the muscle cell and causes depolarization. If depolarization reaches
threshold, an action potential is produced in the postnynaptic cell or a muscle action
potential. (Generation of muscle action potential).
 8. Describe the processes in muscular contraction according to actin-myosin sliding theory!
The process in muscular contraction are:
8.1 Contraction of skeletal muscle is initiated when an action potential travelling down a
motor neuron reaches the neuromuscular junction. The motor neuron release
acetylcholine, which binds with receptors on the muscle fiber and depolarizes the
cytoplasmic membrane of the muscle fiber then generates action potential.
8.2 When action potential travelling in the T tubules reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum,
will induced the opening of calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
membrane, which result in the release of stored Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm.
(Stimulation; The “Cock” Stage)
8.3 When available, a Ca2+ ion binds to the troponin complex, which causes the troponin
to change shape. This change in shape displaces the attached tropomyosin protein,
exposinh the active site. The myosin head then binds to the exposed active site on the
actin molecule, forming a cross bridge (Cross bridge formation; The “attach” stage)
8.4 After the cross-bridge formation, the ADP and Pi are released from the myosin head.
This causes the myosin head to rotate, and the cross-bridge flexes. This motion
causes the actin filament to slide relatively to the myosin filament. The miniscule
movement of the actin filament relative to the myosin filament is the essence of
muscular contraction. (Flexion of the cross bridge; The “Flex” stage)
8.5 The sarcomere has now contracted a tiny distance. To continue contracting the
myosin head must first be released from actin molecule. This occurs when a
molecule ATP in the cytoplasm bind to ATP binding site on the myosin head. When
the myosin head is released by the active site, the troponin complex returns to its
original shape, causing the attached tropomyosin to move back and cover the active
site. At this point, an ATP molecule is bound to the myosin head, and the sequence is
ready to be repeated. (Release of the myosin head; The “Release” stage)

9. Describe the mechanism of 3 main neural regulation of blood vessel during increase and
decrease in blood pressure, increase and decrease CO 2 and H+!
The mechanism of 3 main neural regulation of blood vessels are:
9.1 Baroreceptor reflexes
9.1.1 Blood pressure increase: Baroreceptor stimulatedincrease
impulsAutonomic center in Medula oblongatavasomotor center
(symphatic) inhibitedvasodilatation Blood vessels
9.1.2 Blood pressure decrease: Baroreceptor inhibiteddecrease
impulsAutonomic center in Medula oblongata vasomotor center
(symphatic) stimulatedvasoconstriction Blood vessels
9.2 Chemoreceptor reflexes
9.2.1 Blood CO2 and H+ increase: Chemoreceptor decrease imuplsvasomotor
center (symphatic) stimulatedvasoconstriction Blood vessels
9.2.2 Blood CO2 and H+ decrease: Chemoreceptor increase impulsvasomotor
center (symphatic) inhibitedvasodilatation Blood vessels
9.3 Central nervous system ischemic response
9.3.1 Blood CO2 and H+ increase: vasomotor center (symphatic) stimulated
directlyvasoconstriction Blood vessels
9.3.2 Blood CO2 and H+ decrease: vasomotor center (symphatic) inhibited
directlyvasodilatation Blood vessels

10. Describe the mechanism of hormonal regulation of blood vessels!

TULIS JAWABANNYA DI BUKU

Week 4
1. Describe the development of mid gut!
1.1 Ansa intestine primaries (Primary intestinal loop)
1.2 Hernia umbilicalis physiologica (Physiologic umbilical herniation)
1.3 A. mesenterica superior
1.4 Intraumbilical rotation 90 CCWR
1.5 Reduction rotation 180 CCWR

2. Abdomen:
2.1 Jelaskan batas-batasnya!
2.1.1 Superior: diaphragm
2.1.2 Inferior: aperture pelvis superior
2.1.3 Anterior/lateral: otot rectus abdominis, OAE dan OAI
2.1.4 Posterior: VL 1-5
2.2 Sebutkan 3 arteri dan organ yang diurusnya!
2.2.1 A. coeliacus (Tripus Halleri) mengurus hepar, lien, gaster, dan duodenum
2.2.2 A. mesenterika superior: jejunum, ileum, colon ascendens, dan 1/3 colon
transversum
2.2.3 A. mesenterika inferior: colon transversum, colon descendens, sigmoid, dan
rectum

3. Pelvis
3.1 Sebutkan batas rongga pelvis!
3.1.1 Superior: Apertura pelvis superior
3.1.2 Anterior/lateral: Otot rectus abdominis, OAE dan OAI
3.1.3 Posterior: Vertebrae sacralis/ Sacrum
3.2 Sebutkan 6 arteri dan organ yang diurus!
3.2.1 A. vaginalis: mengurus dinding vagina
3.2.2 A. uterina: mengurus uterus
3.2.3 A. tuba uterine: mengurus tuba uterine
3.2.4 A. ovarica: mengurus ovarium
3.2.5 A. vesicalis inferior: mengurus vesica urinaria
3.2.6 A. pudenda interna: mengurus perineum

4. Describe the differences between Oligodendroglias and Schwann cell! (morphologic and
functional)
. Oligodendroglia Schwann
Morfologi -sel bercabang (sedikit) -tidak bercabang
Mielinisasi -berlangsung di SS Pusat -berlangsung di SS Tepi
-pada lebih dari 1 serat -hanya pada 1 serat

5. Describe the differences between Meissner’s and Pacini’s corpuscle! (morphology,

function, and location microscopically)
. Meissner Pacini
Morfologi -bentuk seperti telur -mirip irisan bawang
Fungsi -reseptor rabaan/pouch -reseptor tekanan/getaran
Lokasi -papilla dermis (puncak) -hypodermis/subkutis

6. Describe the smooth muscle characteristic that different with skeletal muscle!
The smooth muscle characteristic are:
6.1 One Central Nucleus
6.2 Cells are not striated
6.3 Spindle-shaped
6.4 Fibers smaller than those in skeletal muscle; Involuntary control
6.5 Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs grouped into sheets in
6.6 Organized into two layers (longitudinal dan circular) of closely apposed fibers
6.6.1 Longitudinal layer: muscle fibers run parallel to organ’s long axis
6.6.2 Circular layer: muscle fibers run around circumference of the organ
6.7 More actin than myosin
6.7.1 Actin: Tropomyocin only no troponin
6.7.2 Myosin has light chain: Slow myosin ATP
6.8 No sarcomeres
Little sarcoplasmic reticulum
6.9 Caveolae: identations (pouchlike infoldings) in sarcolemma
6.10 Have non contractile intermediate filaments
6.10.1 Resist tension
 6.10.2 Attach to “dense bodies” instead of Z disc

7. Describe the mechanism of the contraction and relaxtion in smooth muscle!

7.1 Contraction
7.1.1 Initiated by calcium. Ca2+ is released from SR (Cytosol Calc) and Ca2+ enter into
intracellular from the extracellular through voltage-gated channels in the cell
membrane  Ca2+ binds to calmodulin  activated Calmodullin
7.1.2 Activated calmodullin activates the mysin light chain kinase enzyme 
Activated M.C kinase transfers phosphate from ATP to activate myosin (MLC)
cross bridge  Phosphotylated cross bridge interact with actin to produce
shortening  contraction
7.1.3 Ca2+ sensitization >> Rho kinase >> Myosin phosphatase << (-) 
Dephosphorilase MLC << (-)  Maintain cross bridge  promote contractile
state
7.2 Relaxation
7.2.1 Closed Ca2+ channel. Removed Ca2+ intracellular to extracellular and return
Ca2+ (Calc cytosol) into SR, both by Cal-MgATPase  Ca2+ intracellular << 
Calc calmodulin <<  myocin light chain kinase <<  cross bridge
<<relaxation
7.2.2 Ca2+sensitization decrease  Rho kinase <<  Myocin phosphatase >> 
Dephosphorilase MLC >> release cross bridge MLC-actin  relaxation

Week 5
1. Describe the development of neural fold (plica neuralis)!
1.1 Lateral folding
1.2 Tubulus neuralis
1.3 Neuroporus anterior
1.4 Neuroporus posterior
1.5 Prosencephalon
1.6 Mesencephalon
1.7 Rhombencephalon
1.8 Telencephalon and Diencephalon
1.9 Metencephalon
1.10 Myelencephalon

2. Describe the division of trigonum colli anterior!

2.1 M. Sternocleidomastoideus
2.2 Os hyoideus
2.3 Trigonum suprahyoideum
2.4 M. Digastricus
2.5 Trigonum mentale
2.6 Trigonum submandibulare
2.7 Trigonum infrahyoideum
2.8 M. Omohyoideus
2.9 Trigonum caroticum superior
2.10 Trigonum caroticum inferior

3. Jelaskan struktur yang menyusun otak dan medulla spinalis

A. Sebutkan struktur yang menyusun otak!
A.1 Cerebrum
A.2 Diencephalon
A.3 Mesencephalon
A.4 Pons
A.5 Medulla oblongata
B. Sebutkan segmen medulla spinalis!
B.1 Delapan (8) Segmen Cervicalis
B.2 Dua belas (12) Segmen Thoracalis
B.3 Lima (5) Segmen Lumbalis
B.4 Lima (5) Segmen Sacralis

4. Jelaskan mengenai saraf spinalis

 A. Membentuk kumpulan saraf apa dan sebutkan area yang diurusnya!
A.1 Plexus cervicalis mengurus area kepala dan leher
A.2 Plexus brachialis mengurus area bahu dan anggota gerak atas
A.3 Nn. Intercostales mengurus area dinding dada
A.4 Plexus lumbosacralis mengurus area panggul dan anggota gerak bawah
B. Sebutkan jenis neuron yang berjalan dalam N.spinalis!
B.1 Motoric
B.2 Sensoric
B.3 Sympathic
B.4 Parasympathic

5. Describe the differences between Sensory and Motor Neurons! (impuls conducting, aksi
potential, and morphology of the cell)
. Neuron Senoris Neuron Motoris
Arah impuls (AP) -Dari organ sensoris (reseptor) -Dari SSP ke otot/kelenjar
menuju ke SS Pusat (efektor)

Bentuk neuron -Unipolar -Multipolar

Lokasi -Kornu posterior medulla -Kornu anterior medulla
spinalis spinalis

6. Describe the differences between an Astrocyte and Microglia! (morphology and

functional)
. Astrocyte Microglia
Badan sel -Paling besar -Paling kecil
Fungsi -Membentuk BBB -Fagositosis