Literature Survey

Author/year Aim Bioreactor/Flask Parameters Inference

J.BWinterburn et
al. 2011 Aeration rate to
Control of Foaming in  Fed batch Increase in air flow rate fermenter to meet
M.A.Diaz DE Bio surfactant bioreactor demands of oxygen
Rienzo et al. ;2016  Batch Bioreactor increased the rate of bio can be optimized By
surfactant using foam
Beth Junker Fractionator
;2007(review) production/biomass

C/N Ratio(3, 9, 15) Urea or ammonium

Optimizing C/N * Agitation nitrate is best and
Fonseca et al.;2007 ratio in bio-surfactant Flask Rate(50,150,250 rpm) gives higher surface
tension reduction

Stirred Bioreactor Kla-Mass transfer Kla depends on

A-I Galaction et al. Oxygen Mass coefficients geometry ,operational
;2004 Transfer ** Power input characteristics , media
composition ,biomass
concentration
 Agitation and Agitation increased
aeration on foam 19 l bioreactor Agitation rate oxygen transfer rate.
S. Yao et al.;2015 overflow rate in (200-300); This finally effects the
surfactin Stirred Batch reactor Aeration rate biomass growth.
P.calik et al.;1998 production (0.66 -2.66 vvm)
 Effect of oxygen
transfer

*nitrogen sources (NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, urea, and residual brewery yeast

**Propionibacterium shermanii; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Penicillium chrysogenum; Mycelial

aggregates; Free mycelia

Author/Year Micro-organism /Work Bioreactor- Parameters Discussion
capacity ,
parameters
Martins /2018 Fish waste and sugarcane bagasse were
Bio surfactants from Flask study Fish waste, more efficient as carbon source with
Corynebacterium aquaticum/ sugar cane good emulsion activity and reduction in
bioremediation in paint oil bagasse, surface tension.
petroleum
sludge and
glycerol.
Souza /2018 RSM on culture medium and 5L bioreactor Yeast extract Higher Ammonium sulfate and higher
Microorganism is ,28C , air , ammonium yeast extract percentage in medium gave
Wickerhamomyces injected at 1 , glucose / lowest surface tension.
Removal of oil from crude l/min agitation
sand. speed in
bioreactor
Hesty  Effect on initial Glucose Decrease in surface reduction with
Heryani/2018 glucose concentration increase in initial glucose concentration
on bascillus sp NH4NO3
 Effect of C/N ratio
Gomptrez kinetic model
Cristina Surfactants from lactoccus Whey Whey pr vinnase showed promising
Souza/2018 lactics /experimental design / sucrose surface tension reduction
FTIR vinnase and
NMR yeast extract
Dame G  Candida Tropicallis Sugar cane Potential of dispersing oil from water
Almeida  Scale up molasses surface
 Oil dispersant Corn steep
liquor
Waste frying
oil
 Sanket Bcillus Licheniforms Maximum Dissolved High aeration rate leads to foaming and
Joshi(2013) Used a foam collector /cell working oxygen bio surfactant inhibition
recycler volume of 5L

Test Objective Materials Inference

Dry Weight Biomass Centrifuge , ethyl  Centrifuge to
Measurement acetate, dryer make pellets
Ethyl acetate to remove
to remove hydrophobic
subtsances
Expressed in g/l
Biomass Composition Protein, Carbohydrate Centrifuge ,saline, ethyl
and lipid acetate, Protein kit test
Carbohydrate –Phenol
sulphuric acid

Surface Tension Culture Digital Surface tension- Expressed in mN/m

meter-Du Nuoy ring
Method (Pt Wire ring)
Bio-surfactant Isolation- Centrifugation, dryer Cold acetone
Cold acetone Precipitation g/l
Precipitation
FTIR Functional groups and One mg BIO.S* ,KBR C=O , (1711.29/cm)
Chemical bonds pellet Aliphatic Carbons
(2855-3010/cm)

Bio-surfactant Property Parameters Inference

Solubilize hydro carbons by
partitioning them into surfactant
micelles above CMC*
Toxicity assay (CMC)
Bioremediation (CMC)
CMC
Surface tension
Bio-degradation of pollutants
Vegetable and aquatic species No effect, hence can use it as soil
(seed germination) bio-remediation
Motor oil Growth of micro-organism even
at higher CMC
Surface tension Beyond CMC ST doesn’t reduce
Accumulates at interface Reduces the repulsive forces
between two dis-similar phases
 Bacterial cell hydro-phobicity Increases access of hydro-
carbons to microbes
Emulsification** Additive to stimulate bio-
remediation
Increases surface area of
hydrophobic water insoluble
substances and its increases its
water bio-avialabilty and changes
properties of bacteria cell
*CMC- Critical micelle Concentration-, surfactant molecules aggregate to form micelles. Micelles can be defined as colloidal particles where
Hydrophobic ‘‘tails” of surfactant are positioned inside the micelle towards a central oil droplet and hydrophobic ‘‘heads” face out towards water
phase. Micelle formation enables bio surfactant to reduce surface and interfacial tension which increase solubility and bioavailability of
hydrophobic organic compounds
** Emulsification-small dropest of fat or oil in water
 Oxygen transfer control – literature survey

Author/year Reactor Substrate (carbon Parameters Studied Inference

source)