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Geometry Definitions

Equivalent figures

Figure that have the same size.

Congruent figures

Figures that have the same shape and size an can, therefore, be made to coincide.

Point

The intersection of two lines, seperating one portion of a line from another; it is the simplest kind of
geometrical figure, having neither length, breadth, nor thickness.

Line

The path of a point moving through space.

Straight

This kind of line does not change direction.

Curved

This kind of line is a line, no part of which is straight.

Broken

This kind of line is made up of different straaight lines.

Plane
A surface such that if any two points lie on it are connected by a straight line, the line lies wholly in the
surface.

Rectilinear figure

This type of figure is a figure made up of only straight lines.

Curvilinear figure

This type of figure is a figure made up of only curved lines.

Mixtilinear figure

This type of figure is made up of of both straight and curved lines.

Parallel lines

These lines are lines in the same plane that will never touch as far as they are extended.

Circle

A closed curve all points of which lie in the smae plane and are equidistant from the center.

Arc

Any portion of a circle- not the whole circle.

Angle

The amount of opening between two straight lines which meet in a point.

Vertex

The point in which the sides of an angle intersect.

Straight angle

An angle whose sides lie in a straight line and extend from opposite sides from the vertex, equalling 180
degrees

Adjacent angles

Two anggles that have a common vertex and a common side between them.

Right angle

Half of a straight angle.

Perpendicular line
A line that makes a right angle with a given line.

Oblique angle

An angle which is neither a right angle, 270 degree angle, or a straight angle.

Oblique line

A line which makes an oblique angle with another line.

Vertical angles

Angles that have a common vertex and sides of one angle formed by the prolongation of the sides of the
other angle.

Complementary angles

Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees

Complement

The _____ of an angle is the difference between that one and the right angle.

Supplementary angles

Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees

Supplement

The _______. of an angle is the difference between that angle and the straight one.

Axiom

The truth accepted as requiring no demonstration, or proof

General axioms

These are axioms which apply to other kinds of quantity as well as to geometrical.

Geometric Axioms

These are axioms which apply to geometrical quantities alone.

Geometric postulate

A consturction of geometrical figures, which, without proof, is admitted as possible.

propostion
A general term for either a theorem or a problem.

Corollary

A truth obtained by immediate inference from another truth just stated or proved.

Polygon

A potion of a plane bounded by a closed, broken line.

Triangle

A polygon of three sides.

Perimeter

The sum of a triangle's sides.

Isocseles Triangle

A triangle which has at least two equal sides.

equilateral triangle

A triangle in which all of the sides are equal

Scalene triangle

A triangle in which none of the sides are equal.

Altitude

The perpendicular from the vertex to the base.

Hypoteneuse

The side opposite the right angle.

Quadrilateral

A polygon of four sides

Square

A quadrilateral with four equal sides and right angles.

Base

The side upon which the figure is supposed to stand.

Auxiliary

A(n) _____ line is a line constructed, and was not part of the original figure.

Transversal

A line that either meets or intersects two or more other lines.

Median

A line in a drawn from a vertex of triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side.

Angle Bisector

A line which bisects an angle

Bounding lines

The sides of a polygon are its _______ ________

Diagonal

A straight line joining two verticies which are not adjacent.

Convex

A polygon is ______ when each of its angles are less than 180 degrees

Equiangular

These polygons are polygons in which all the angles are equal.

Mutually Equiangular

These polygons are polygons in whose corresponding angles are equal.

Trapezoid

A quadilateral which has two and only TWO of its sides parallel.

Parallelogram

A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are equal

Rhombus

A parallelogram whose sides are equal

Rectangle
A parallelogram whose angles are right angles.

Isosceles

A _______ trapezoid is a trapezoid whose legs are equal.

Concurrent

Lines which intersect in a common point are _________.

Centroid

The point of intercection of the three meadians of a triangle.

Circumcenter

The point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle.

Incenter

The point of intersection of bisectors of the angles of a triangle.

Orthocenter

The point of intersection of the altitudes of a triangle.

Circumference

The length of a circle; the distance around a circle from any given point, around the circle to the same
point.

Radius

The line from the center of the circle to the circumference, all of which are equal.

Diameter

A line Segment drawn through the center and terminated by the circle.

Semi-circle

An arc that is determined by the diameter and is equal to half the circle. A diameter in this contains 180
degrees.

Minor Arc

An arc less than a semi-circle.

Major Arc
An arc more than s semi-circle

Chord

A straigh line joining the extremities of an arc on a circle.

Tangent

A straight line which meets a circle, and which, however far it may be produced, has but ONE point in
common with the circle.

Secant

A line that intersects a circle at TWO points.

Central Angle

An angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle and whose sides are the radii.

Concentric

__________ circles are circles which have the same center.

Common internal

A ________ ________ tangent of two circles is a tangent which cuts their line of centers.

Common external

A ________ ________ tangent is a tangent which does not cut their line of centers.

Circumscribe

To draw a circle AROUND a polygon.

Inscribe

To draw a circle INSIDE a polygon

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