Athletics is considered the oldest organized sport in the world, encompassing numerous disciplines grouped in

races, jumps, pitches, combined tests and marching.

The word athletics comes from the Greek word atletes, which is defined as "that person competing in a test
determined by a prize", noting that this Greek word is related to the word aethos which is synonymous with
"effort."

Athletics is the art of overcoming the performance of adversaries in speed or endurance called also bottom, in
distance or higher. The number of tests, and types whether individual or in groups, has varied over time.
Athletics is one of the few universally practiced sports, either among amateurs or in competitions of all levels.
The simplicity and the few means necessary for its practice explain this success.

The first historical reference to athletics dates back to the year 776 a. C. in Greece, with a list of the winning
athletes of a competition. Within athletics there are various modalities of testing. Thus, there are foot races
(speed, medium distance, background, races with fences, cross-country, relays ...), length or height jumps,
throws (weight, javelin, hammer ...), athletic walking, and the combined tests. The latter are also known as
decathlon and, as its name suggests, consists of ten tests: three throwing, three jumps and four races.

The discipline was developed over the centuries, from the first tests to its regulation. The Olympic Games are
the most prestigious international event and seen all over the planet. The Olympic Games are held every four
years since 1896 and athletics is the most important discipline in them. Since 1982, the International Association
of Athletics Federations (IAAF), which is the body responsible for regulating the discipline, has relaxed its rules
by ending the amateur period of the discipline. The first World Athletics Championships were organized in 1983
and take place every two years since 1991.

Careers

The races within the athletics are classified in:

Short run

On covered tracks they run over distances of 60 m and outdoors over distances of 100, 200 and 400 m. In these
races, the athlete crouches at the starting point, and at the sound of a judge's shot, the athlete jumps onto the
track and runs at full speed to the finish line. Athletes achieve traction by parking their feet against individual
blocks of metal or plastic called stirrups, designed to support the runner's feet and are positioned just behind
the starting point. A quick exit is essential.

Fences

These tests are races in which athletes must pass a series of ten fences of wood, metal or other material. The
hurdles for men are 110 m with fences, depending on the category of the athlete, the fences are increasing their
height. In the case of women are 100 m with fences, the height of the fences is always lower than that of men.
For both genders, there is the 400 m test with fences. It is important to emphasize that the fences are at the
same distance, one from the other. These are designed so that, in case the athlete hits them, a major accident is
avoided, since the fence is automatically returned.

Middle distance

Those races that cover between 600 and 3000 m are known as medium distance races. The best known are
those of 800 m, 1500 m and 3000 m.

Long distance
Races greater than 3000 m are considered long distance tests. Among the most difficult long distance races are
marathons and field ones. The latter are made on rough and natural ground. The marathon race invariably takes
place in a circuit of 42 km 195 m. The marathon race became a popular event from the 1970s.

Relief

Relay races are races in teams of four components in which a runner travels a set distance, then passes a rigid
tube called a witness or testimony to the next runner and so on until the total distance of the race is completed.
It is worth clarifying that the witness pass must be made within an established zone of 18 m in length.

Obstacles

The test of obstacles is usually on a track and are traveled of 3000 m and 1500 m containing obstacles, one of
them with water.

March

Running races are usually performed on routes ranging from 1500 m to 50 km and are mainly popular in Europe
and China. The fundamental rule of this type of running is that the heel of the front foot must remain in contact
with the ground until the tip of the foot of back stops making contact with the same foot.

By surface

Athletic races can also be classified by surface: track, route, street and cross country.
Usain Bolt

Usain St. Leo Bolt

Jamaican athlete

He was born on August 21, 1986 at Sherwood Content, Trelawny, Jamaica.

Son of Wellesley and Jennifer Bolt, owners of a store.

Studying at the Waldensia School, where he began to show his skills in speed races, at age 12, he was already
the fastest runner of his school in the 100 m smooth. At William Knibb Middle School his cricket coach
recommended him to practice athletics. Pablo McNeil, former Olympian in speed trials and Dwayne Barrett,
were his trainers.

In the junior world championship of 2002, he obtained a gold medal in the 200 m smooth that made him the
youngest winner of history at that time. In 2004, at the CARIFTA Games, he was also the first junior to race
below 20 seconds in the 200m, with 19.93s.

With its 197 centimeters of height and 76 kilos of weight, it possesses a very long stride, with a little purified
style and a slow reaction. For some specialists, Usain Bolt is an unsightly corridor, due to its height and its low
aerodynamics. Even his coach, Glen Mills, insisted that Bolt run the 400m, the distance that theoretically most
suits his conditions.

He started his professional career in 2004, competed in the Olympic Games that year and would miss the next
two seasons because of injuries. In 2007, it surpasses the Jamaican record of the 200 m with a time of 19.75 s.
The year 2008, achieved its first world record in the 100 m smooth with 9.72 s, and with other absolute marks in
that same test, the 200 m, and the relay race 4x100 with the Jamaica team with 9.69 s; 19.30 s; and 37.10 s
respectively, during the Olympic Games in Beijing.

He was the first athlete to win three Olympic events since 1984 won by Carl Lewis. In 2010, he surpassed his
own records of 100 and 200 m smooth with records of 9, 58 and 19, 19 during the world championship of Berlin,
becoming the first athlete in bearing the world titles of 100 and 200 m smooth in the world championship and in
Olympic Games.

On August 5, 2012 at the London Olympics Bolt again proved that he is the fastest man of all time. It marked a
9.63 with a wind in favor of 1.5 m / s and a reaction time of 165 thousandths, with it obtained its second
Olympic gold of 100 meters after the one of Peking'08, which equals to Carl Lewis (Los Angeles'94 and Seoul,
1988). His compatriot Yohan Blake was second equaling the best mark of his life, made a 9.75, his time of the
trials where he defeated Bolt. The bronze went to Justin Gatlin 9.79s. It was the fastest race in history with all
but Asafa Powell, injured, under 10 seconds.

On August 9, 2012, the Jamaican became an athletics legend with his gold medal in the 200 meters. Yohan
Blake, silver, and Warren Weir, bronze, made up the Jamaican podium.

He finished these games with the gold brooch in the last test in the stadium: third gold and world record in the
4x100 along with Michael Frater, Nesta Carter and Yohan Blake, who made a mark of 36.84, 20 hundredths
faster than his own record , which had been achieved by the same men at the 2011 Daegu World Cup.

At the 2013 World Championships in Moscow, he won three gold medals. In the 100 m he won with a record of
9.77s; in the 200m he reached three consecutive victories in the world championships, 178 and, in the 4x100 m,
obtained the third victory followed for Jamaica, becoming the athlete with more gold medals in the history of
these games next to Carl Lewis, with eight gold metals.
Nicknamed "The Lightning, was recognized as" Athlete of the Year "by the IAAF, and the magazine Track and
Field, as well as the Laureus award.

In 2015, during his fifth appearance in a world-wide athletics in the National Stadium of Peking, he prevailed in
the end of the 100m with a mark of 9.79 s. In the 200 m, he won by marking 19.55 s and in the relay 4x100 m, he
obtained the fourth gold medal for Jamaica in these championships with a time of 37.36 s.

Usain Bolt won the gold in the 4x100 meters race of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, which added to the individual
golds in the 100 and 200 meters in Brazil, an accomplishment that had already achieved in the Games of Beijing
2008 and London 2012. The Jamaican team made its best time of the season by stopping the clock in 37.27
seconds.

In 2017, the year in which he announced his retirement, he ran his seventh world championship presenting
himself as a favorite of the 100 m test against Americans Christian Coleman, with the best record of the year
(9.82?), And Justin Gatlin. In the semifinals Coleman took a hundredth (9.97? S for 9.98? S) And in the dispute
for the medals was Justin Gatlin, with 35 years, who won with a mark of 9.92? S, being Bolt in third place (9.95?
s). In the final of relays 4 × 100 m, after catching the witness, suffered a cramp in the back of the left thigh
causing him to fall on the track, after joining he reached with difficulty to the finish line, although without valid
time for his team.

In 2010, he signed a contract with HarperCollins to write an autobiography. It was presented on 12 September
2013 in the UK and was titled in Spanish "Como el rayo".

Awards

2002 - Junior World Championship 2002 - Kingston, Jamaica - 1st - 200 meters

2002 - Junior World Championship 2002 - Kingston, Jamaica - 2nd - 4x100m relays

2002 - Junior World Championship 2002 - Kingston, Jamaica - 2nd - 4x400m relays

2003 - World Youth Championship 2003 - Sherbrooke, Canada - 1st - 200 meters

2005 - Central American and Caribbean Championship 2005 - Nassau, Bahamas - 1st - 200 meters

2007 - World Championships 2007 - Osaka, Japan - 2nd - 200 meters

2008 - Olympic Games 2008 - Beijing, China - 1º - 100 meters

2008 - Olympic Games 2008 - Beijing, China - 1st - 200 meters

2008 - Olympic Games 2008 - Beijing, China - 1st - 4x100 meters

2009 - World Championships 2009 - Berlin, Germany - 1st - 100 meters

2009 - World Championships 2009 - Berlin, Germany - 1st - 200 meters

2011 - World Championships 2011 - Daegu, South Korea - 1st - 200 meters

2011 - World Championships 2011 - Daegu, South Korea - 1st - 4x100 meters

2012 - Olympic Games 2012 - London, UK - 1st - 100 meters

2012 - Olympic Games 2012 - London, UK - 1st - 200 meters

2012 - Olympic Games 2012 - London, United Kingdom - 1st - 4x100 meters

2013 - World Championship 2013 - Moscow, Russia - 1st - 100 meters

2013 - World Championship 2013 - Moscow, Russia - 1st - 200 meters

2013 - World Championship 2013 - Moscow, Russia - 1st - 4x100 meters

2015 - 2015 World Championships - Beijing, China - 1st - 100 meters

2015 - 2015 World Championships - Beijing, China - 1st - 200 meters

2015 - 2015 World Championships - Beijing, China - 1st - 4x100 meters

2016 - Olympic Games 2016 - Rio, Brazil - 1º - 100 meters

2016 - Olympic Games 2016 - Rio, Brazil - 1º - 200 meters

2016 - Olympic Games 2016 - Rio, Brazil - 1º - 4x100 meters

The history of football association, known simply as football, is usually considered from 1863, the
founding year of The Football Association, although its origins, like those of other football codes,
can be traced back several centuries in the past, particularly in the British Isles during the Middle
Ages. Although there were points in common between different balls games that developed from
the third century BC. C. and current football, the sport as it is known today has its origins in the
British Isles.

The first British codes that gave rise to the football association were characterized by their little
organization and extreme violence. However, there were also other codes less violent and better
organized: perhaps one of the best known was the Florentine calcium, a very popular team sport
in Italy that had incidence in the codes of some British schools. The definitive formation of the
soccer association had its culminating moment during century XIX. In 1848 representatives of
different English colleges gathered at the University of Cambridge to create the Cambridge code,
which would function as the basis for the creation of modern football regulations. Finally in 1863
in London the first rules of football association were formalized.

Since then football has grown steadily, to become the most popular sport in the world with some
270 million people involved. With the holding of the first meeting of the International Football
Association Board in 1886 and the founding of FIFA in 1904, the sport has expanded to reach all
corners of the world. Beginning in 1930, the World Cup would begin to play, which would become
the most watched spor ting event on the planet.
Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini (Rosario, June 24, 1987), known as Leo Messi, 11 is a Spanish nationalized
Argentine soccer player9 who plays as a striker in FC Barcelona of the Primera División of Spain and in the
Argentine national team, who is captain.12

Frequently considered the best player in the world, 13 14 15 16 17 and one of the best of all time, 18 is the only
footballer in history who has won, among other distinctions, five times the Ball of Gold - a Ball of Gold and four
FIFA Ballon d'Or - obtaining the first four of consecutive form; in addition to receiving four Gold Boots. With
Barcelona he has won 30 titles, including eight from La Liga and four from the UEFA Champions League, as well
as five Copa del Rey titles.19 20 21

23 prolific goal scorer, 22, among others, record for most goals in a season and a calendar year, 23 24 top scorer
in La Liga, Supercopa de España, Supercopa de Europa, Club World Cup, and player not European with more
goals in the UEFA Champions League; as well as top scorer of the F.C. Barcelona and the Argentine National
Team. He is one of the players with more assists, since they have registers, in official parties.25 26 27 28

Born and raised in the city of Rosario, at age 13 he settled in Spain, where Barcelona agreed to pay for the
treatment of the hormonal disease that had been diagnosed as a child.29 After a rapid progression through the
Juvenile Academy of Barcelona, 30 31 32 made his official debut with the first team at age 17, in October
2004.33 Despite being prone to injury early in his career, 34 established himself as a key player for the club.35 In
2007 he was a finalist for the Golden Ball and FIFA World Player, a success he repeated in 2008. His first
uninterrupted campaign was the 2008-09 season, with Barcelona reaching the first football triplet Spanish.36 at
age 22, he won his first Golden Ball and the FIFA World Player of the Year award.37 38

They followed three successful seasons, in which Messi won three FIFA Ballon d'Or, bringing four in total, a fact
that was unprecedented.39 40 So far his best personal campaign is the 2011-12 season, in who set the record
for most goals in a season, both in La Liga and other European competitions, and became, in March 2012, the
club's top scorer in official competitions.41 During the next two seasons , also suffered injuries, 42 43 and lost
the Ballon d'Or against Cristiano Ronaldo, who is considered his rival. Messi recovered his best form during the
campaign 2014-15, during which he surpassed the records of maximum goleador absolute in La Liga and the
League of Champions in November of 2014, 44 45 and conquered with the Barcelona a historical second triplet.

As an Argentine international, Messi has represented his country in seven major tournaments. At youth level, he
won the 2005 U-20 World Cup with the U-20 team, where he finished as best player and top scorer, 47 48 and a
gold medal at the 2008 Olympic Games, with the sub-23.49 For his style of play of small left-handed dribbler, 50
compared it with his compatriot Diego Maradona who, in 2007, declared the adolescent his "successor." 51 52
53 After debuting in the biggest selection in August 2005,54 55 in the World Cup Germany 2006 became the
youngest Argentine to play and to score in a World Cup56 and reached, along with the albiceleste team, the final
of the Copa America 2007, where he was named best young player of the tournament.57 As a captain since
August 2011,58 he arrived with his team to the finals of the 2014 World Cup and Copa America 2015, contests in
which he was chosen best player of the tournament, 59 60 in addition to reaching the final of the America
Centenary Cup io.61 62
Basketball is a limited contact sport played on a rectangular court. While most often played as a
team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one
competitions are also common. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm)
in diameter and 10 feet (3.048 m) high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.
The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.

A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the
opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the
player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line. A
team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed
with certain fouls. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time
(overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced
on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling). It
is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the
ball with both hands then resume dribbling.

The game has many individual techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing,
dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking, and rebounding. Basketball teams generally have player
positions, the tallest and strongest members of a team are called a center or power forward, while
slightly shorter and more agile players are called small forward, and the shortest players or those
who possess the best ball handling skills are called a point guard or shooting guard. The point
guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coach's game plan, and managing
the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning).

Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.[1] The National Basketball
Association (NBA) is the most popular and widely considered to be the highest level of
professional basketball in the world and NBA players are the world's best paid athletes by average
annual salary per player.[2][3] Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify
to continental championships such as the Euroleague and FIBA Americas League. The FIBA
Basketball World Cup is the major international competition of the sport and attracts the top
national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for national
teams, like EuroBasket and FIBA Americas Championship.

The FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup features the top national women's basketball teams from
continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the
EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Women's Basketball Premier
League.
 American Basketball Player

He was born on February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn, New York (United States), although his childhood was
developed in Wilmington, North Carolina.

It was at the University of this city where he was awarded a basketball scholarship. In the season 1983-1984
was chosen better university player and, this last year, gained the gold medal in the Olympic Games with the
selection of the United States.

In 1984, he left college to play for the Chicago Bulls of the NBA. He finished the 1986-1987 season as the
second player behind Wilt Chamberlain to score more than 3,000 points in a single season. He was a top scorer
in the NBA for seven consecutive seasons (1987-1993), averaging 30 points per game in all seasons. He became
the top scorer of the Chicago Bulls with 21,541 points and beat many NBA scoring records.

Jordan led the Chicago Bulls to their first NBA championship in 1991, a title that was revalidated consecutively
in 1992 and 1993. He was also part of the Dream Team, which won the gold medal at the Games held in 1992 in
Barcelona.

Prior to the 1993-1994 season he announced his retirement with loss of interest in professional basketball as
an excuse. The violent death of his father was also very influential in his decision. In early 1994 Jordan returned
to professional sport, although he was a baseball player. The Chicago White Sox hired him, but failed. In April of
1995 returned to the template of the Chicago Bulls, and one season later it was the top scorer of the NBA, most
valuable player of the regular season, the play-offs and the Party of Stars and to achieve his fourth
championship with the Bulls. A new NBA title and in 1997, a new election as the most valuable player of the
competition in 1997 ranked him as one of the best basketball players in history.

On January 19, 2000, he returned to the NBA but as President of Operations of Washington Wizards. On
September 25, he announced his second round of the NBA as a player. The 2002-03 season was the last and
final, his last game as an NBA player, was in Philadelphia on April 16, 2003 against the 76ers.

Awards

6 times NBA champion - 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998

6 times MVP of finals - 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998

14 times All-Star

5 times MVP of the Season - 1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1998

2 Olympic gold medals - Los Angeles 1984, Barcelona 1992

Best Defender of the Year - 1988

Rookie of the Year - 1985

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries
to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.[1] It has been
a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964.

The complete rules are extensive, but simply, play proceeds as follows: a player on one of the
teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or
arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's
court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may
touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively.
Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back
over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in
their court.

The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either (1):
a team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponent's court and winning the rally; or (2): a
team commits a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, and
serves the ball to start the next rally. A few of the most common faults include:

causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents' court or without first passing
over the net;

catching and throwing the ball;

double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player;

four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team;

net foul: touching the net during play;

foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving.

The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push (short
contact) the ball with any part of the body.

A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking
(because these plays are made above the top of the net, the vertical jump is an athletic skill
emphasized in the sport) as well as passing, setting, and specialized player positions and offensive
and defensive structures.
Ángela Maria Leyva Tagle was born in Bandera de Lima. Lima, Peru Flag Peru on November 22,
1996, at the age of 20, is a Peruvian volleyball player who plays as a point / receiver and is part of
the women's volleyball team From Peru. Due to the great talent that he has already been in all
categories of the national team of Peru, Children (Under-16), Under-18, Under-20, Under-23 and
older.

Career

2011: A New Hope

In November of that year he was part of the team that participated in the Sudamericano Infantil
del 2011 held at Sergio Matto Municipal Stadium in Canelones, Uruguay; in which he won after
many years to Brazil, in a match to define the first of the group, an event that returned hope to an
entire country in this sport and winning from there the faith of thousands of fans, although later
lost the final with that same team being thus in the second place of the competition. Angela was
the captain of the team and one of the two starting points, his great strength and his excellent
technique made that obtained the prize like the best attack of the match.

2012: Gold South American Gold medal with cup.svg

In October he was part of the South American sub-champion youth team classified to the World
Youth Championship of the Czech Republic; but the following month in the U-18 category, Angela
was the captain and starting point of the team that won the gold medal in the South American
Juniors, beating Brazil in the final, qualifying for the World Cup of Thailand 2013; the first gold
medal for the Peruvian Volleyball in that category after 32 years and the first gold medal in any
category after 19 years.

Clubs

Flag of Peru Camino de Vida (2010-2011)

Flag of Peru Universidad San Martín (2011 - 2017)

Flag of Brazil Osasco Volleyball Club (2017 - 2018)

Results [edit]

Individual Awards

"Best Scorer" of the Sudamericano Infantil Uruguay 2011

"Best Attack" of the Sudamericano Infantil Uruguay 2011

"Best Scorer" of the National Youth League 2012

"Best Attack" of the National Youth League 2012

"Best Service" of the Sudamericano Juvenil Perú 2012

"MVP" of the South American Minors Peru 2012

"Best Attack" of the South American Minors Peru 2012

"Best Opponent Striker" of the World Junior Championship Thailand 2013

"Best Attack Lateral" of the National Youth League 2013

DT Award as "Best Volleyball Player of the Year" in Peru 2013

"2nd Best Striker" of the 2014 South American Club Championship

"MVP" of the South American Championship of Sub-22 Colombia 2014 Women's Volleyball

"Best Reception" of the 2014 Final Four Under-20 Cup

"2nd Best Striker" of the South American Championship of 2015

"Best Striker" of the National Volleyball League 2014-2015

"Best Attacker" of the National Volleyball League 2014-2015

"Best Opponent Striker" of the 2015 Sub-20 Latin Cup

"MVP" of the Latin Cup Sub-20 2015

"Best Opponent Forward" of the CSV Classification for the 2015 Women's Volleyball World Cup

"Best Opponent Striker" of the 2015 Pan American Women's Volleyball Cup

"Second Best Striker" of the South American volleyball | Colombia 2015

"Best Forward Striker" of the South American Volleyball Olympic Qualifier | Argentina 2016

"Best Striker" of the 2016 South American Club Championship

"Best Striker" of the National Women's Volleyball League 2015-2016

"Best Striker" of the South American Championship of Sub-22 Colombia 2016 Women's Volleyball

"Best Striker" of the 2016 Pan American Under-23 Women's Volleyball Cup

"Best Striker" of the South American Championship Championship 2017

"Best Striker" of the National Women's Volleyball League 2016-2017

"Major Scorer" of the National Women's Volleyball League 2016-2017

"Best Striker" of South American volleyball | Colombia 2017

National selection

Category Seniors

2011: 7th place Montreux Volleyball Masters Switzerland 2011

2012: 7th place Pan American Cup Mexico 2012

2013: Gold medal with cup.svg "Champion", Bolivarian Games 2015

2014: 18th place, 2014 Grand Prix of Volleyball

2014: 9th place, Pan American Volleyball Cup 2014

2015: 9th place, Pan American Volleyball Cup 2015

2015: 7th place, Pan American Games 2015

2015: 22nd place, Grand Prix of Volleyball 2015

2015: Silver medal with cup.svg "Sub-champion", CSV Classification for the 2015 Women's
Volleyball World Cup
2015: Silver medal with cup.svg "Sub-champion", South American Women's Volleyball Colombia
2015

2016: Silver medal with cup.svg "Sub-champion", Pre-Olympic South American Women's Volleyball
Argentina 2016

2016: 23rd place, 2016 Grand Prix of Volleyball

2017: 4th place, Pan American Volleyball Cup 2017

2017: 21st place, 2017 Grand Prix of Volleyball

Clubs

2012: "Sub-champion", Liga Nacional Superior Season 2011/2012 with Universidad San Martín

2012: 5th Place, National Youth League 2012 with Universidad San Martín

2013: "Sub-champion", Liga Nacional Superior Season 2012/2013 with Universidad San Martín

2013: "Sub-champion", Liga Nacional Superior Season 2012/2013 with Universidad San Martín

2013: "Champion", National League Superior Season 2013/2014 with Universidad San Martín

2014: "Champion", National League Superior Season 2014/2015 with Universidad San Martín

2015: Bronze medal with cup.svg "Third", South American Club Championship with Universidad
San Martín

2015: "Champion", Superior National League Season 2015/2016 with Universidad San Martín

2016: Silver medal with cup.svg "Sub-champion", South American Club Championship with
Universidad San Martín

2017: Bronze medal with cup.svg "Third", South American Club Championship with Universidad
San Martín

2017: "Sub-champion", National League Superior Season 2016/2017 with Uni versidad San Martín
Gymnast doing her exercise on the horse with bows.

Gymnastics is a physical activity aimed at strengthening and maintaining a good physical form of
the body through a set of established exercises.1 Some gymnastics are practiced as a competitive
sport, in which are executed regulated sequences of exercises that require balance, strength,
flexibility, agility, endurance and control. The world body in charge of regulating the competitive
disciplines is the International Gymnastics Federation.

In Spain, gymnastics (in all its forms) is the most practiced sport, being developed by 34.6% of
sports practitioners according to the 2010 Sports Habits Survey of the CSD.2 3 The most practiced
gymnastics discipline in Spain is rhythmic gymnastics, being the 4th most practiced sport discipline
among girls and adolescents, only surpassed by swimming, basketball and soccer, according to the
Survey of Sports Habits of the School Population (2011), elaborat History

Disc Launcher. Discobolo, Roman copy of s original Greek. V a.C.

The Romans of the Republic dedicated themselves with enthusiasm to the march, the riding and
other gymnastic exercises. Not infrequently, after a violent exercise they threw themselves into
the Tiber, like the Spartans to the Eurotas. Plutarch refers that Caesar managed to cure himself of
a neuralgia causing a slave to knead his muscles. However, the Romans never practiced the real
Gymnastics, that of Athletes. They only took from Greece the exercises in the circuses, adapting to
their cruel character the Greek exercises and transforming in gladiatorial combat the games of the
Greek athletes.

Disciplines

Modern gymnastics, regulated by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), is composed of

six disciplines: artistic, rhythmic, trampoline, aerobics, acrobatics and gymnastics for all. The
rhythmic and artistic disciplines are best known for being part of the Summer Olympics. The
discipline of gymnastics on trampoline is part of the Olympic Games since Sydney 2000.

Artistic gymnastics

Artistic gymnastics is an Olympic discipline that consists in the realization of a choreographic

composition, combining, simultaneously and at a high speed, body movements. It is composed of
different modalities according to the masculine and feminine categories. The devices used in the
female category are asymmetrical bars, balance bar, ground and foal jumping, while in the male
category they are rings, fixed bar, horse with bows, parallel bars, foal jumping and ground.8 9

Rhythmic gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics is an Olympic discipline in which elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance and
the use of various devices such as rope, hoop, ball, club and tape are combined. In this sport both
competitions and shows are performed, in which the gymnast is accompanied by music to keep a
rhythm in their movements. Two modalities can be distinguished: the individual and the set. At
the time of scoring is made on a maximum of 20 points.10 11

Gymnastics on trampoline

Gymnastics on trampoline is a discipline that consists of performing a series of exercises

performed on various elastic devices, where acrobatics is the main protagonist. There are mainly
three specialties: tumbling, double mini-trampoline and trampoline, the last of them Olympic since
Sydney 2000.
Aerobic gymnastics

Aerobic gymnastics, formerly known as sports aerobics, is a discipline of gymnastics in which runs
a routine of between 100 and 110 seconds with high intensity movements derived from traditional
aerobics in addition to a number of elements of difficulty. This routine should show continuous
movements, flexibility, strength and perfect execution on the elements of difficulty.

Acrobatic gymnastics

Acrobatic gymnastics, also known as acrosport, is a group discipline in which there are modalities
of male partner, female partner, mixed partner, female trio and male quartet. Collective gymnastic
demonstrations are performed where the body acts as a motor, support and impulse of other
bodies performing jumps, figures and human pyramids.

Gymnastics for everyone

Gymnastics for all (also known as general gymnastics) is the only non-competitive gymnastics
discipline accepted by the FIG. People of all ages participate in groups from 6 to 150 gymnasts who
execute or do choreographies in a synchronized way. Groups can be single sex or any kind of sex
(mixed). The general gymnastics is divided in three categories that are: white, blue and red groups.
The white group is the most elemental category, the blue group is the intermediate and the red
group is the most advanced. Each one of these has certain rules to fulfill based on gymnastic
elements that must perform. It is characteristic of general gymnastics the use of uniforms and
accessories to characterize a subject and thus perform a choreography linked with gymnastic
elements that are suitable for any age and gymnastic level. The great advantage of this discipline is
that it can include dynamic activities and exercises of artistic gymnastics, rhythmic, aerobic,
acrobatic, trampoline and dance in one.ed by CSD.
Yevguéniya Olégovna Kanáyeva (in Russian "Евгения Олеговна Канаева", born 2 April 1990 in Omsk, Soviet Union)
is a former Russian rhythmic gymnast. She is the most famous individual rhythmic gymnast in history, having two
Olympic gold medals (Beijing 2008 and London 2012) and having been 17 times World Champion and 13 times
European Champion. In December 2012 Kanaeva announced her retirement and was appointed Vice-President of
the Russian Federation of Rhythmic Gymnastics.

Kanáyeva won his first Olympic gold medal in Beijing with a final score of 75,500 (rope: 18,850, hoop: 18,850, clubs:
18,950 and belt: 18,850), at the 2009 European Championships held in Baku (Azerbaijan) of gold of 5 possible. In the
World Championship celebrated that same year in Mie (Japan) it became with the 6 golds in game, becoming the
unique gymnast of history in obtaining such feat. At the World Championships held in 2011 in Montpellier (France),
he was crowned again by repeating the success achieved two years ago, again with 6 possible golds. At the 2012
London Olympics she defended her title by being the only gymnast to top 29 points in three of the four routines
(Aro: 29,350, 29,200, 29,450 and 28,900), finishing with a final score of 116,900 .

Records

She is one of the 3 gymnasts to win all the grand slams along with Alina Kabáyeva and Ekaterina Serebrianskaya
(Olympic Games, World Championship, European Championship, World Cup Final and Grand Prix Final).

Yevgeniya Kanayeva broke a new record by winning the 6 possible gold medals. She is the first gymnast in history
who has been able to achieve such a result in a World Cup.

XXXI World Championship, Montpellier, France 2011

It equaled the record of Maria Petrova, who won 3 consecutive world titles (1993/1994/1995), and that of Maria
Gigova (1969/1971/1973).

She is the only gymnast to win 3 consecutive World Cups without sharing the title with any other gymnast. Petrova
and Gigova shared their respective titles with other gymnasts.

He equaled his own record by winning again the 6 golds at stake in a World Cup.

She is the only gymnast who has won gold on all the machines. (5 devices: rope, hoop, ball, clubs, and ribbon). She is
also the only gymnast to win gold in the 7 individual categories of rhythmic gymnastics. (All-around, rope, hoop, ball,
clubs, ribbon and team competition).

Equals Maria Gigova in hoop: both have won 3 golds in a world championship.

Equal to Ekaterina Serebrianskaya and Lilia Ignatova in ball: all have won 3 golds in a world cup.

She is the gymnast with more world titles of all history: 17

On October 16, 2011 Yevgeniya Kanayeva reached the 30 points, achieving the perfect score of 10 in difficulty,
artistic and performance in the final of the ribbon in the Grand Prix Brno 2011, Czech Republic. She is the first
gymnast of all history to achieve the maximum score under the 30-point system. (On the system of 10, more are
those who have achieved it).

On June 30, 2012, Yevgeniya Kanayeva returned to reach the maximum score with the hoop in the all-around
competition, making history again, to be the only one to reach 30 on two occasions.

She has made history by becoming the only gymnast to win Olympic gold twice a year at the Beijing and London
Games (there have been gymnasts who have won two golds at the pool level).

She made history in Beijing games as the youngest gymnast to win an Olympic gold at the individual level (18 years).
However, in her second games she became the oldest gymnast to win an Olympic gold. (Record previously
supported by Yulia Barsukova who also won with 22 years).
The Olympic Games2 (JJ OO.) 3 (Jeux Olympiques in French, and Olympic Games in English), Note 1 Olympics5
or Olympics6 are the largest international multidisciplinary sporting event in which athletes from various parts
of the world . The Olympic Games are considered the main competition of the sports world, with more than
two hundred participating nations.7 There are two types: the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics,
which are held with an interval of two years, according to the Charter Olympic Games: "The Games of the
Olympiad are held during the first year of an Olympic Games, and the Winter Olympic Games during their
third year" .

The modern Olympic Games were inspired by those of century VIII a. C. organized by the ancient Greeks in the
city of Olympia, between the years 776 a. C. and 393 d. C. In the nineteenth century, the idea arose of events
similar to those organized in antiquity, which would materialize mainly thanks to the efforts of the French
noble Pierre Frèdy, Baron de Coubertin. Baron de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) in 1894. Since then, the IOC has become the coordinating body of the Olympic Movement, with the
Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority.

The first edition of the Olympic Games of the modern era was held in Athens, the capital of Greece, from April
6, 1896. Since that time, they have been held every four years in various cities around the world, only
exceptions the editions of 1916, 1940 and 1944, due to the outbreak of the First and Second World War.

The evolution of the Olympic movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has led to several modifications in
the Olympic Games. Some of these adjustments include the creation of winter games for winter sports,
Paralympic games for athletes with some form of disability and the Youth Olympic Games for teenage
athletes. The Winter Olympics were first held in 1924 in the French town of Chamonix. Originally held as part
of the summer event, the IOC considered them as a separate event retroactively, and from that date began to
take place in the same year as the original games. Later, in order to promote the development of winter
events, the IOC decided to phase out the winter Games from Lillehammer 1994. Since that date, the Winter
Olympic Games are held in even years between two Summer Games . The first Summer Youth Olympic Games
were held in Singapore in 2010, while the Winter Youth Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck in 2012.

The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic, political and technological developments. As a result, the
Olympic Games have moved away from pure amat eurism, as planned by Coubertin, to allow the participation
of professional athletes. The growing importance of the mass media began the theme of corporate
sponsorship and the commercialization of the Games. Large boycotts were made during the Cold War in the
Games of 1980 and 1984.

The Olympic Movement consists of International Federations of each sport, National Olympic Committees and
Organizing Committees of each edition. The IOC is responsible for the election of the host city. According to
the Olympic Charter, the host city is responsible for organizing and funding the Games. The Olympic program,
made up of sports played in the Games, is also determined by the IOC. There are various Olympic symbols and
ceremonies, such as the Olympic flag and torch, as well as opening and closing ceremonies. About 13 000
athletes compete in the Summer and Winter Olympics in 33 different sports and in approximately 400 events.
The winners of the first, second and third place in each event receive Olympic medals: gold, silver and bronze,
respectively.

At present almost all countries are represented in the Olympic Games. This has led to several problems:
doping, bribery and acts of terrorism. Every two years, the Olympic Games and their exposure to the media,
give unknown athletes the opportunity to achieve national and international fame. They are also an
opportunity for the country and the host city to make themselves known to the world.
Swimming is an individual or team sport that involves using arms and legs to move the body
through water. Typically, the sport takes place in pools or in open water (e.g., in a sea or lake).
Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports,[1] with events in butterfly,
backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley. In addition to these individual events,
swimmers take part in relays. Swimming each stroke requires specific techniques, and in
competition, there are specific regulations concerning the acceptable form for different strokes.[2]
There are also rules put in place to regulate what types of swimsuits are allowed at competitions.
Although it is possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport, there are
also multiple health benefits associated with the sport.

Evidence of recreational swimming in prehistoric times has been found, with the earliest evidence
dating to Stone Age paintings from around 10,000 years ago. Written references date from 2000
BC, with some of the earliest references to swimming including the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Bible,
Beowulf, the Quran and others. In 1538, Nikolaus Wynmann, a German professor of languages,
wrote the first swimming book, The Swimmer or A Dialogue on the Art of Swimming (Der
Schwimmer oder ein Zweigespräch über die Schwimmkunst).

Swimming emerged as a competitive recreational activity in the 1830s in England. In 1828, the first
indoor swimming pool, St George's Baths was opened to the public.[3] By 1837, the National
Swimming Society was holding regular swimming competitions in six artificial swimming pools,
built around London. The recreational activity grew in popularity and by 1880, when the first
national governing body, the Amateur Swimming Association, was formed, there were already
over 300 regional clubs in operation across the country.

In 1844 two Native American participants at a swimming competition in London introduced the
front crawl to a European audience. Sir John Arthur Trudgen picked up the hand-over stroke from
some South American natives and successfully debuted the new stroke in 1873, winning a local
competition in England. His stroke is still regarded as the most powerful to use today.[5]

Captain Matthew Webb was the first man to swim the English Channel (between England and
France), in 1875. Using the breaststroke technique, he swam the channel 21.26 miles (34.21 km) in
21 hours and 45 minutes. His feat was not replicated or surpassed for the next 36 years, until T.W.
Burgess made the crossing in 1911.

Other European countries also established swimming federations; Germany in 1882, France in
1890 and Hungary in 1896. The first European amateur swimming competitions were in 1889 in
Vienna. The world's first women's swimming championship was held in Scotland in 1892.[6]

Men's swimming became part of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. In 1902, the
Australian Richmond Cavill introduced the front crawl to the Western world. In 1908, the world
swimming association, Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), was formed. Women's
swimming was introduced into the Olympics in 1912; the first international tournament for
women outside the Olympics was the 1922 Women's Olympiad. Butterfly was developed in the
1930s and was at first a var iant of breaststroke, until it was accepted as a separate style in 1952.
American Swimmer

He was born on June 30, 1985 in Rodgers Forge, Towson, Maryland, north of Baltimore.

He is the youngest of the three children of Fred Phelps, a police officer, and Deborah Sue Davisson,
a school principal. Her parents divorced in 1994. Her two sisters, Whitney and Hilary, are also
swimmers.

He graduated from Towson High School in 2003. He was diagnosed with an attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder. He started swimming at age seven, influenced by his sisters. At the age of
ten, he set a national record and soon qualified for the 2000 Sydney Olympics, at the age of 15.

When he is 19, he is arrested for drunk driving in Salisbury. He was sentenced to 18 months
probation and lectures in schools about the dangers of driving and drinking.

From 2004 to 2008 he studied advertising and management at the University of Michigan in Ann
Arbor.

Phelps beat 37 world records in swimming. At the 2000 Olympics in Sydney he is the youngest
male swimmer. In Sydney he hits the 200-meter butterfly world record and improves his own time
at the World Championships in Fukuoka, Japan (1: 54.58). At the 2002 National Championships in
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Phelps also beats the 400-meter world record and national records of
100-meter butterfly and 200-meter styles. In 2003, he improves his world record of 400 meters
styles (4: 09.09) and in June, the world record of 200 meters styles (1: 56,04). In July 2004, he
improves his 400-meter world record (4: 08.41) during the Trials for the 2004 Olympics.

Winner of 22 Olympic medals: six golds and two bronzes at the 2004 Athens Olympics, eight golds
at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and two silver and four gold medals at London 2012, Phelps defeated
Lochte in all 200 styles and thus achieved his 20th medal becoming also the first swimmer to win
the same test in three Games. Phelps twice equaled the record of eight medals of any kind in a
JJ.OO. that got the Soviet gymnast Alexander Dityatin in the Olympic Games of Moscow 1980.

He overcame his compatriot Mark Spitz by winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympics.

In 2010 he was voted best FINA sportsman of the decade in the male swimming discipline.

On July 31, 2012, he became the most celebrated athlete of all time to obtain the medal number
20 in his record, surpassing in a medal to the Ukrainian gymnast, then Larissa Latynina, who got a
total of 18 in all his career. The American returned to win on August 3, 2012 to the Serbian
Milorad Cavic in the 100 meters butterfly, as it happened in the final of Beijing 2008, and with this
one of gold, added his twenty-first Olympic medal. August 4 is part of the American quartet that
won the gold in the 4 x 100 styles in the last day of swimming at the Aquatic Center in London
which is also the last test for the top Olympic medalist in the history of the Olympic Games ,
Michael Phelps.

Awarded the World Swimmer of the Year Award in 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. He
has also been awarded the American Swimmer of the Year Award in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006,
2007, 2008, and 2009.

In May 2012, it announced its withdrawal from high-performance competitions by ending its
participation in the London 2012 Olympic Games.

On June 29, 2016, he qualified to play his fifth appointment at an Olympic Games after winning
the US 200m butterfly. He secured the pass to Rio de Janeiro 2016 with a time of 1: 54.84 minutes
beating Tom Shields (1: 55.81), becoming the first to integrate five times a United States men's
Olympic team.

At the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016 he won a gold medal in the 4x100 free throw on
August 9 after finishing second in the semifinal and third in the play-offs, he won his 20th Olympic
gold medal after winning the butterfly style in 200 meters with a time of 1: 53.36. During the same
night he competed in the relay test 4x200 freestyle, being the last relay and reached his third gold
medal in Rio. On August 11, he was again the winner, this time in the 200m event. styles getting
their fourth gold medal in these games. Michael Phelps holds the medal record with a total of 23
gold medals, 3 silver medals, 2 bronze medals and a total of 28 medals.

World Brands

Rome 2009 - 100 m butterfly - (0: 49.82)

Rome 2009 - 200 m butterfly - (1: 51.51)

Beijing 2008 - 400 m styles - (4: 03.84)

Beijing 2008 - 4x100m freestyle - (3: 08.24)

Rome 2009 - 4x200 m free - (6: 58.55)

Rome 2009 - 4x100 m styles - (3: 27.28)