SIMPLE PENDULUM AND

RESTORING FORCE
PERIODIC MOTION

 The motion which

repeats itself after
fixed time intervals is
called periodic
motion

The best example of periodic motion are the pendulum clocks.

A SIMPLE PENDULUM

 A string with a mass at

the end which is free to
swing is called a
pendulum.
TO AND FRO MOTION

 The ball moves to

and fro. It rises to
extreme positions on
both sides and
reverses its motion
 Oscillations gradually
die down
LENGTH OF THE PENDULUM

 The length of the

string from the point
of suspension to the
mass is called the
length of the
pendulum.

 It is denoted by L
MEAN POSITION OF THE PENDULUM

 The central position of

the pendulum (the
starting position) is
called the mean
position of the
pendulum.
 It is labeled here as B.
 EXTREME POSITIONS OF THE
PENDULUM

 A and C are the extreme positions of the pendulum.

OSCILLATION

 The motion of the mass

from its extreme
position A to C and
back to A is called an
oscillation.
TIME TAKEN FOR ONE OSCILLATION

 The time taken for one oscillation is very

short and therefore, difficult to measure
accurately.
 To find the time taken, we find the time taken
for large number say 20 oscillations. This
time divided by 20 will give us time taken for
one oscillation.
PERIODIC TIME OF THE SIMPLE
PENDULUM

 The time taken to complete one oscillation is

called the periodic time of the simple
pendulum.

 It is sometimes also called its period and is

denoted by T.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LENGTH AND
TIME PERIOD OF THE PENDULUM

 The graph of the

relationship between
length and time period
of the pendulum is a
parabola.
 Thus the relationship
can be expressed as
L=constant X T2
 VALUE OF CONSTANT

L= constant X T2

constant= L L
T2
2
T
L
By calculating the value of 2
T
for each value of the graph
between L and T2, the value of the
constant comes out to be 0.248
UNITS OF THE CONSTANT

 The constant has the same

units as the acceleration that
is m/s2

 If we try to learn more about

the pendulum, we will find
that the constant is just the
acceleration g due to gravity
2
divided by 4
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN T AND L

 The equation is

The Period of the pendulum T is related to the length L

by the relation
L
T  2
g