ACID BASE ASSIGNMENT

SCH4U, CHEMISTRY
RIBBA PATHAN
July 1, 2017

1.
Acid: H3PO4

Base: NH3

+
Conjugate Acid: NH4

-
Conjugate Base: H2PO4

2.
We know pH = -log [H+]

= -log (3.2 x 10-5)

= - (-4.5)

= 4.5

Since pH is less than 7, lake is considered as acidic.

3.

pH + pOH = 14

pOH = 14 - 7.41 = 6.59

[OH-] = 1x10-6.59,

or more conventionally ...

[OH-] = 2.57x10-7

4.

NaOH dissociates 100% --> Na+ + OH-

0.0026 mol/L NaOH --> 0.0026 mol/L OH-

pOH = -log 0.0026

pOH = 2.59

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.59
pH = 11.4

It is basic because pH >7

5.

From the pH we get the hydrogen ion concentration.

[H+] = 10-pH = 10-3.96 = 1.10x10-4

HF(aq) <==> H+ ..........+............ F-

0.20 ..............1.10x10-4 ....1.10x10-4

Ka = [H+][F-] / [HF]
Ka = (1.10x10-4)² / 0.20
Ka = 6.01x10-8

Percent ionization = 1.10x10-4 / 0.20 x 100 = 0.055%

So why the big deviation from the accepted value of Ka for HF,

which appears to be anywhere from 3.5x10-4 to 6.6×10-4,

depending on the table you find? Just for grins, we'll use a value

of 5x10-4 for the Ka of HF, and find the actual hydrogen ion

concentration in a 0.20M HF solution:

√(5.0x10-4 x 0.20) = 0.010 = [H+]

pH = 2.0

The pH of the solution should be about 2, not nearly 4.

6.

Equation is

HNO3 + LiOH -> Li(NO3) + H2O

First calculate the number of moles of nitric acid and hydroxide

n=cv

n = 0.379x0.025
n(HNO3) = 0.009475mol

Same for hydroxide

n = 0.573x0.012
n = 0.006876mol

So not all acid has reacted

0.009475 - 0.006876 = 0.002599mol acid remaining

Convert back to find our final concentration

c=n/v
c=0.002599/0.037. Note new volume
[HNO3] = 0.07024

As HNO3 is a strong acid it completely dissociates to H+ and NO3-

so [HNO3] = [H+] = 0.07024M

pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log0.07024
pH = 1.2