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HIGH CAPACITY
SDH LONG HAUL RADIO SYSTEM
Marconi LH
(former MDRS 155 EC)
Table of Content:
Figures
Based on many years of experience in microwave radio technology, Ericsson offers a complete,
modular product portfolio of microwave radio systems. These include:
With the introduction of the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), it was possible to meet this
requirement with a standardised multiplex hierarchy. The Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
complements the former Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH).
Besides standardisation, SDH systems offer many advantages for the setup and operation of
state-of-the-art network structures. These include:
Typical applications for STM-1 radio links are city trunking rings or trunking networks. Via SDH
Add/Drop Multiplexers, PDH-layers (on an E1s layer base) are dropped and routed to trunking
and overlay networks to its final application for metro-city carriers, mobile operators or any kind
of infrastructure providing service providers. Network operators can add STM-1 layers by SDH
radio systems to a superior distribution network for broadband or bundled services.
All Ericsson's SDH microwave radio systems offer the following trunk and access network
advantages for public and private network operators:
• High economic efficiency
• Rapid implementation without cable installation
• Very high level of system availability (better than 99.99%)
• Full SDH compatibility acc. to the ETSI and the ANSI requirements
• Expandable transmission capacity
• 1+1 hot stand by protection
• N+1line protection switching (N = 1 up to 9)
• Space and frequency diversity for improved transmission quality resulting in higher link
ranges
• Network element with Q interface for TMN
• Universal applications
• SDH ring networks (trunk, regional or access networks)
• Fixed networks for GSM operators
• TV distribution networks
• Transparent STM-4 transmission via the DPU-STM-4
• Full range of antennas: parabolic and shell
The trends of international telecommunications markets require microwave radio systems which
meet the highest operator demands in both the transport and access area. With increasing
equipment densities, compact equipment designs are preferred.
The new generation of digital SDH long haul microwave radio systems is characterized by
The system Marconi LH offers high availability and reliability as well as an improved spectrum
characteristic allowing an efficient use of the available bandwidths.
The Marconi LH complies with the standards and recommendations of national and international
organisations such as ETSI, ANSI, ITU and CEPT.
Fig. 1.1 shows the principal system design of Marconi LH. A rack 2.20 m height contains the
equipment for a transmission of 10 STM-1/OC-3 signals and consists of:
• Up to two Baseband Units (BBU):
A Baseband Unit performs the whole SDH processing of up to 5 STM-1/OC-3 signals and
the radio protection switching. Additionally the Baseband Unit is also responsible for the
control and management of the system.
The Baseband Unit offers a high number of wayside channels, service channels and access
to the E1-bytes and F1-bytes of the section overheads.
• Up to 10 Transceivers (TRX Unit):
A Transceiver performs the modulation and demodulation of one STM-1 signal and contains
the RF interface (High Power Amplifier, Low Noise Amplifier, XPIC, Space Diversity
Combiner,…).
• The signals of up to 10 Transceivers are combined via the Channel Branching Network to
the main antenna and optionally to the diversity antenna
• Up to two Power Boxes:
A Power Box contains the fuses for the Transceivers and the Baseband Units. Optionally
two input power feeds can be connected to a Power Box, which also performs the
decoupling and combining of the two input power feeds (redundancy).
Up to ten
Transceivers
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
(TRX Unit)
Channel Branching
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
Network
Up to two
Power Boxes
(Fuse panel)
Up to two
Modem Unit Power Supply
The Marconi LH is fully compatible with its widely deployed predecessor MDRS 155 E.
Therefore existing MDRS 155 E terminals can be extended with Marconi LH to one network
element with higher transmission capacity.
• A single Transceiver Unit covers the whole frequency band, and the required channel can be
• Adaptive predistorter with digital adaptive linearization, effectively dealing with 5th-order
distortion and resulting in a transmit signal with almost negligible residual non-linear
distortion
• Alarm signalling facility: 8 x Input, 4 x Output and 2 Outputs assigned to internal alarms
• Interfaces for local monitoring and diagnostic functions using the LMT
(Local Maintenance Terminal)
The systems operate in the frequency bands from 3.6 GHz up to 13 GHz. Fig. 1-2 gives an
overview of the corresponding standard frequency patterns. Marconi LH can be ordered for
nearly any channel allocation as the built-in synthesiser can be tuned over a range of channel
spacings and TX-RX duplex distances.
ITU-R F.382;
29 MHz; 2x6 ch.
ITU-R F.497 (OIRT);
28 MHz; 8 ch.
ITU-R F.635;
40 MHz; 7 ch.
ITU-R F.1099;
40 MHz; 7 ch.
ITU-R F.383;
29,65 MHz; 8 ch.
ITU-R F.497 (OIRT);
28 MHz; 8 ch.
ITU-R F.384;
40 MHz; 8 ch.
ITU-R F.385 Annex 1;
28 MHz; 5 ch.
ITU-R F.385 Annex 3;
28 MHz; 2x5 ch.
ITU-R F.385 Annex 4;
28 MHz; 8 ch.
ITU-R F.386 Annex 1;
29.65 MHz; 8 ch.
ITU-R F.386 Annex 3;
28 MHz; 3 ch.
ITU-R F.386 Annex 4;
28 MHz; 8 ch. (OIRT)
ITU-R F.387;*)
40 MHz; 12 ch.
ITU-R F.497;
28 MHz; 8 ch.
Therefore Marconi LH covers all ETSI bands (3.6 up to 13 GHz) for Long Haul applications,
supporting the modulation 64 or 128 MLQAM wherever specified by ITU. ANSI channelisations
are supported in the 6.8 and 11GHz frequency bands.
In frequency patterns with channel spacings of 28 MHz and of 29,65 MHz the system is
operated using 128 MLQAM modulation and in frequency patterns with channel spacing of
40 MHz using 64 MLQAM modulation. A connection to the same antenna and same polarisation
with single channel spacing (ACCP, Adjacent Channel Co-Polarisation) is possible.
In conjunction with a cross-polarisation interference canceller (XPIC), the use of the same RF
channel on both polarisations, known as CCDP (Co-Channel Dual-Polarized) operation, is
supported. The XPIC function is an integral part of the system and does not require any
hardware update. The XPIC function can be activated via the software.
Fig. 1-3 shows maximum link ranges of MarconiI LH for several frequency bands, antenna sizes
and diversity modes. The calculations are based on the following parameters:
• Climate model:
Hilly temp. terrain; K*Q = 4.3E-7 ((2.1E-5)/S1^1.3), Roughness S = 20 m
• Rain Zone K for 0.01%/a
With the above parameters, hop lengths of 110 km or more are possible according to Fig. 1-3.
MDRS 155/13000-128 w. SD
MDRS 155/13000-128 w. FD
MDRS 155/13000-128 w/o.Div
MDRS 155/8000-128 w. SD
MDRS 155/8000-128 w. FD
MDRS 155/8000-128 w/o.Div
MDRS 155/7500-128 w. SD
MDRS 155/7500-128 w. FD
MDRS 155/7500-128 w/o.Div
MDRS 155/6800-64 w. SD
MDRS 155/6800-64 w. FD
MDRS 155/6800-64 w/o.Div
MDRS 155/6200-128 w. SD
MDRS 155/6200-128 w. FD
MDRS 155/6200-128 w/o.Div
MDRS 155/4700-64 w. SD
MDRS 155/4700-64 w. FD
MDRS 155/4700-64 w/o.Div
MDRS 155/3900-128 w. SD
MDRS 155/3900-128 w. FD
MDRS 155/3900-128 w/o.Div
MDRS 155/3900-64 w. SD
MDRS 155/3900-64 w. FD
MDRS 155/3900-64 w/o.Div
MDRS 155/3600-128 w. SD
MDRS 155/3600-128 w. FD
MDRS 155/3600-128 w/o. Div
Note: These values can be used for a rough assessment of link ranges. For guaranteed
values and high link availabilities, an individual path survey is mandatory.
A single radio hop consists of two radio terminals. Fig. 2-1 shows a Marconi LH radio terminal
equipped for the transmission of 10 STM-1 signals.
Antenna 0.6 up to 4 m
Waveguide
In addition to the 2.2 m system rack with the Baseband Units (BBU) and TRX Units the radio
terminal consists of 1 or 2 waveguides and an antenna. In case of space diversity 2 or 4
waveguides and two antennas are necessary.
The size of the antenna depends on the customer requirements and can vary from 0.6 m up to
4 m.
Fig. 2-2 shows the main system blocks, which are implemented in the 2.2 m system rack.
Wave-
guide
(optional)
Channel Branching Tx
1
RF interface guide
processing
Radio
Baseband
Protection
Processing
Switch 5
Up to
10 TRX Units
Up to (1 TRX per STM-1)
2 Baseband Channel
Units (BBU) Branching
(5 STM-1/OC-3 per BBU) Network
The first system block is the Baseband Unit (BBU), which contains the following functionality:
• Baseband processing for up to 5 STM-1/OC-3 signals
• Radio protection switching
• SOH processing of the section overhead of two STM-1/OC-3 signals and providing the
following interfaces:
- Wayside channels: 2 x 2 Mbit/s
- Service channels: 4 x 64 kbit/s
- Access to the E1-bytes and F1-bytes of the radio interface and the line interface
• Optionally on demand: EOW functionality
Up to 2 BBU can be mounted in the 2.2 m system rack supporting up to 10 STM-1/OC-3 signals.
The second system block is the Transceiver Unit (TRX Unit), which contains the following
functionality:
• Modulation and demodulation of one STM-1 signal
• Tx path: Digital adaptive predistorter and high power amplifier
• Rx path: Low noise amplifier, XPIC processing and space diversity combining
Up to 10 TRX Units can be mounted in the 2.2 m system rack.
The third system block is the Channel Branching Network, which consists of three parts:
• Channel branching Tx signals
• Channel branching Rx-Main signals
• If Space diversity is required: Channel branching Rx-Div signals
The channel branching TX and the channel branching RX are combined via a circulator and are
connected to the main antenna via
• One waveguide if only one polarisation is used
• Two waveguides if both polarisations are used.
If required a diversity antenna is connected via 1 or 2 additional waveguides to the channel
branching RX-Div.
Additionally the 2.2 m system rack contains up to 2 Power Boxes containing the fuses and
optionally the input power redundancy.
3 System Components
E1-L
64 kbit/s WSC
E1-R to/from
or 2x2 Mbit/s
64 kbit/s ICC Module
EOW-S
or 64 kbit/s
of second BBU
EOW-A EOW-N F1-L F1-R DSC
analogue 64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s 4x64 kbit/s
Lon-Bus Ethernet
Local PC (RS232)
Handset
LAN Interface
EOW SOH-Line DCCR or DCCM
PABX E1-L
QD2 Interface
Module
E1-R SOH-Radio DCCR or DCCM (RS485, Master or Slave)
Ext. EOW
(optional) SOH Module TMN Module EDI (local alarms)
18V...75V
UBat BPS Module to/from RPS Module
RPS of second BBU
18V...75V
UBat BPS Module Module
STM-1 Module:
The STM-1 Module provides an SDH interface and performs the complete SDH processing
functionality. The SDH interface is compliant to ETSI and to ANSI. An SFP Module is used to
provide the following SDH interfaces:
• A coaxial CMI interface
• An optical interface S-1.1, L-1.1 or L-1.2
The section overhead (SOH) bytes of the first and second STM-1 Module are exchanged with
the SOH Module, where the SOH processing is performed.
The STM-1 Module also supports the central protection switching function. In normal operation
the STM-1 Module transmit the STM-1 signal direct to the Transceiver Unit (TRX). If a fault
occurs, the STM-1 Module transmits the STM-1 signal via the backplane to the RPS Module. In
the RPS Module the STM-1 signal will then be switched via the redundant STM-1 Module to the
redundant TRX Unit.
In normal operation a STM-1 signal with low priority can be transmitted via the redundant
modules. In case of a fault this low priority STM-1 signal will be switched off.
RPS Module:
For protection configurations a RPS Module is mandatory in the BBU shelf. The RPS Module
consists of the redundancy switch and of two configuration switches for defining the redundant
module.
SOH Module:
The SOH Module processes the SOH of the first and second STM-1 Modules, both from the line
side and from the radio side. The DCCR and the DCCM are exchanged with the TMN Module
and the following interfaces are provided:
• Wayside channels: - 1 x 2 Mbit/s, transmitted in OP1, OP2 or OP1&OP2
- or 2 x 2 Mbit/s, one transmitted in OP1 and one in OP2
• Service channels: plesiochronous 4 x 64 kbit/s, stuffed in 5 SOH bytes and transmitted
in OP1, OP2 or OP1&OP2
• E1-bytes and F1-bytes of line and radio side, transmitted in OP1, OP2 or OP1&OP2
Instead of making the E1-bytes available at the interfaces the E1-bytes can be switched to the
EOW Module for providing EOW functionalities.
TMN Module:
The TMN Module is responsible for controlling and monitoring the whole radio terminal. The
TMN Module provides the following interfaces:
• LAN interface for the connection to the network management system
• RS232 interface for the connection to the local PC
• QD2 interface for the connection to the network management system ServiceOn Access
(master mode) or for a connection to further QD2 network elements (slave mode)
• EDI interface: local alarm interface with 8 inputs, 4 outputs and 2 outputs assigned as “INT
A” and “INT B” alarms
• Access to the DCCR and DCCM of OP1 or OP2 via the SOH Module
• Extension interface to a second BBU shelf:
Via the extension interface two BBU shelfs can be connected. The LON-Bus is used for
controlling and monitoring the modules in the second BBU shelf and the Ethernet interface
for controlling and monitoring further TRX Units.
In the second BBU shelf an ICC Module is plugged in instead of the TMN Module. The
interfaces LAN, RS232, QD2 and EDI are not supported by the ICC Module.
The TMN Module contains an exchangeable memory card, on which the whole radio terminal
configuration and two software versions are stored. Therefore all replacement modules can be
configured automatically.
A new software version can be downloaded via the data communication network (DCN) in a
background process. Before storing the new version on the memory card a verification
procedures takes place to ensure a successful download. A downloaded software version can
be activated via the network management system or the local PC.
BPS Module:
The BPS Module converts the primary voltage to the secondary voltages required by the BBU
modules. The power input is galvanically decoupled with a range from 18 to 75 VDC.
A single BPS Module can supply the whole BBU shelf. If a second BPS Module is provided, both
modules operate in parallel. In case of a failure of one BPS Module the second BPS Module
supplies all modules without traffic interruptions.
EOW Module:
As an example Fig. 3-2 shows a star point in a network. The Marconi LH is configured with an
EOW Module, which is connected to other equipments via the analogue interface (EOW-A to a
PDH radio system) or via the digital interfaces (EOW-N to a MDRS 155 E, EXTEOW to a
Marconi LH and EOW-S to another arbitrary system (e.g. MDRS 155 S)).
EOW-N MDRS
155 E
EOW-S
NORTH1/2 SOUTH1/2
PHONE
PABX
EOW
Module EOWEXT
E1-R EOWEXT
WEST
EAST EOW_A
System
2.
....
(e.g. MDRS
155 S)
Ethernet
CPU
Backchannel
High Power
STM-1 Digital Adaptive Direct Tx
BBU-TRX interface
RF TX-RX interface
Encoder Encoder Amplifier
Linearization Modulation (RTPC & ATPC)
TX/RX
Loop
Loop
synthesizer
Rx-Main
STM-1 ATDE , XPIC IF Processing Low Noise
Decoder Demodulation Amplifier;
Space Diversity Combiner (140 MHz)
Main & Diversity Rx-Div
Tx-Path
The main part in the Tx-Path is the digital adaptive linearization (DAL). The DAL is a new
approach of an adaptive predistorter with the following advantages:
• Effectively dealing with 5th-order distortion resulting in a more linear Tx output power or
lower backoff
• High adaptation rate for supporting quickly varying Tx power levels (e.g. in fading events)
The DAL compares the signal from the Encoder with the traced back Tx output signal and
performs the linearization. The result is a transmit signal with almost negligible residual non-
linear distortion. Afterwards the transmit signal is directly modulated into the RF frequency and is
fed to the High Power Amplifier supporting RTPC and ATPC.
In all frequency bands a TRX Unit covers all channels in the lower band and in the upper band.
The channel setting is controlled by a synthesiser. Therefore only one TRX Unit per frequency
band is sufficient as spare part.
Due to the new digital approach the Tx signal is upconverted directly into the RF frequency
avoiding processing of IF frequencies. This permits a very compact design.
Rx-Path
The received Rx-Main and Rx-Div signals are amplified by a Low Noise Amplifier, converted to
an IF-frequency of 140 MHz and demodulated. Afterwards the following functions are digitally
performed:
• An adaptive time domain equalizer (ATDE) minimizes the distortion caused by the
propagation conditions.
• A cross-polar interference canceller (XPIC) improves the decoupling in a cross-polar
transmission.
• A Space Diversity Combiner combines the RX-Main and the RX-Div signals. Prior to this
combining the delay difference between main signal and diversity signal is compensated in
an entirely automatic procedure. Due to its sophisticated processing the digital Space
Diversity Combiner offers superior performance compared to a classical analogue combiner,
resulting in a higher improvement factor.
After decoding the RX signal is sent to the BBU.
Fan Unit
The Fan Unit consists of two fans. For normal operation one fan is sufficient, so that a (1+1)-
redundancy is realized. The Fan Unit is exchangeable from the front during operation without
operational interruption.
Receive Level
RSL
LED‘s RX RXD
BAT OP FAN
harmonic
reject filter harmonic
reject filter
to/from
Channel Branching Channel Branching
main antenna
Rx-Main Rx-Main
CH1 OP
to/from
CH1 PR
main antenna
CH2
CH3
CBN for the operation modes N+0 and N+1 line protection
The Tx channels and the Rx-Main channels are separately combined with channel filters and
circulators. The channel-specific narrowband RF filters permits contiguous multiplexing of radio
channels (ACCP) and thus leads to an efficient spectrum utilization. Instead of two channel
filters a diplexer can be used. The combined Tx channels and the combined Rx-Main channels
are then fed via an additional circulator to the common port of the main antenna.
On demand the Rx-Div channels are separately connected to the port of the diversity antenna
with circulators and with channel filters or diplexers.
The channel branching networks are mounted in the rack on mounting plates. Two mounting
plates can be inserted in one 2.2 m rack, so that access to both polarisations is possible within a
rack.
Fig. 3-8 shows the architecture of the Power Box NR and Fig. 3-9 of the Power Box R.
Power
Input
Fuse
Power to Power to
Power to 10 TRX Units 1. BBU 2. BBU
Power Power
Input A Input B
Fuse
Power to
Power to 5 TRX Units one BBU
Fig. 3-10 shows two Power Boxes R mounted in a 2.20 m ETSI rack.
3.5 Rack
All system components can be mounted in racks according to the ETSI or the 19“-rack
requirements. A standard ETSI rack with a height of 2200 mm, width of 600 mm and depth of
300 mm can accommodate up to ten TRX Units.
The racks will be completely premounted in the factory. The BBUs and the Power Boxes are
directly mounted into the rack, the TRX Units and the Channel Branching Networks via
2 mounting plates. For protection and security the TRX Units and the Channel Branching
Networks as well as the connection fields of the BBUs are covered. Fig 3.10 shows full equipped
rack assemblies, with and without cover.
12.5 HU = 555.6 mm
5 TRX Units and CBN
mounted on 1 plate
Cover
CBN
TRX Unit
2.2 m
5 HU = 222.2 mm
(2x Power Box R)
8 HU = 355.6 mm
(one BBU)
To ensure easy access during operation and for expansion purposes the racks are open at the
front. Doors can be supplied as an option.
3.6 Waveguides
The radio system is connected to the antenna by means of waveguides. As standard type the
FLEXWELL waveguide is used.
The use of a flexible waveguide at both ends of the FLEXWELL waveguide is recommended, in
the lower frequency bands mandatory. For pressurizing the waveguides different dehydrator
types are available.
3.7 Antennas
The antenna incorporates the feed system for both dual- and single-polar operation. Parabolic
and shell antennas are available, varying from 0.6 m up to 4.0 m in height.
In regions with a lot of radio links shell antennas have a big advantage. Through the better
angular decoupling of the shell antennas compared with the parabolic antennas a higher density
of radio links can be realized. This advantage is shown in Fig. 3-14, where the radiation patterns
of a 1.2 m shell antenna and of a 1.2 m parabolic antenna are compared.
Comparison of radiation
pattern envelopes of
1.2m Shell antenna and
1.2m UHP parabolic
20°
20
0.6 m Shell Antenna
Relative Gain [dB]
30
40
1,2-m-UHP-Parabolic Antenna
50
60
70
1,2-m-Shell Antenna
80
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
1.2 m Shell Antenna
Azimuth Angle [Degree]
4 System configurations
For reasons of environmental, ambient and operating conditions, Marconi LH supports any of the
operation modes below, using several diversity modes to increase link quality parameters and
using several protection modes to avoid operation breakdown due to failure of a critical
component.
Operation modes:
Diversity modes:
Space diversity is supported in all operation modes to guarantee the required transmission
quality even in case of very long radio hops or under difficult propagation conditions.
At the transmitter side the Tx signal is transmitted via a single antenna and at the receiver side
the transmitted signal is received via two antennas separated vertically. The distance between
the two antennas depends on the frequency band. The two Rx signals are combined by a space
diversity combiner integrated in the TRX Unit.
Frequency diversity is automatically supported in the operation mode N+1 line protection. In
these operation modes the operating signals and the protection signal are simultaneously
transmitted via different channels. The diversity improvement depends on the channel
separation. An increasing of the channel separation leads to a higher improvement factor of the
frequency diversity.
Space diversity and frequency diversity can be used at the same time. For special purposes,
also angle diversity can be supported together with suitable angle diversity antennas.
Antenna polarisations:
Due to the integrated XPIC function the same RF-channel can be used on both polarisations.
Using the XPIC function the TRX Units of the appropriate channel have to be interconnected via
coaxial cables.
In the following chapters typical system configurations are described, either using one
polarisation
• 1+0 (chapter 4.1)
• 1+1 hot stand by (chapter 4.3)
• 1+1 line protection (chapter 4.4)
• 4+1 line protection (chapter 4.5)
• 4+1 repeater (chapter 4.7)
• 4+1 STM-4 line protection (chapter 4.8)
or both polarisations
• 10+0 (chapter 4.2)
• 2x(4+1) line protection (chapter 4.6)
• 9+1 line protection (chapter 4.9)
STM-1 OP1
STM-1 TRX
/OC3
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
BPS
BPS
Modem Unit Power Supply
Fig. 4-2 shows the as an example for N+0 the 10+0 terminal configuration consisting of
• 2 BBU shelfs, every shelf equipped with
- 5 STM-1 Modules with the STM-1/OC-3 interface (with SFP)
- 1 SOH Module for processing the section overhead
- 1 TMN or 1 ICC Module for controlling and monitoring
- optionally on demand: 1 EOW Module
- and 1 or 2 BPS Modules
• 10 TRX Units
• 1 Channel Branching Network per polarisation with
- The channel branching Tx and the channel branching Rx-Main, connected via a
circulator and a waveguide to the main antenna
- Optionally if space diversity is required: The channel branching Rx-Div, connected via a
waveguide to the diversity antenna
H
EOW SOH TMN
V
OP1
Channel Branching Rx-Main
STM-1 TRX Channel Branching Rx Div
Channel Branching Tx
OP2
5 x STM-1/OC-3
STM-1 TRX
OP3
STM-1 TRX H
OP4
STM-1 TRX V
OP5
STM-1 TRX
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
BPS
BPS
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
OP6
Channel Branching Rx Div
STM-1 TRX
Channel Branching Tx
OP7
5 x STM-1/OC-3
STM-1 TRX
OP8
STM-1 TRX
Modem Unit Power Supply
STM-1 OP9
TRX
OP10
STM-1 TRX
Modem Unit Power Supply
BPS
BPS
Fig. 4-3 shows the 1+1 hot stand by terminal configuration consisting of
• 1 BBU shelf equipped with
- 2 STM-1 Modules with only one STM-1/OC-3 interface (with SFP) in operation
- 1 RPS Module
- 1 SOH Module for processing the section overhead
- 1 TMN Module for controlling and monitoring
- optionally on demand: 1 EOW Module
- and 1 or 2 BPS Modules
• 2 TRX Units
• 1 Channel Branching Network
- The two Tx channels are connected via a switch and the two Rx-Main channels via a
coupler to a common circulator, which is connected via a waveguide to the main
antenna
- Optionally if space diversity is required: The two Rx-Div channels are connected via
coupler and a waveguide to the diversity antenna
STM-1 TRX
Rx Div: Coupler
/OC3
Tx: Switch
RX-Main
RX-Div.
TX
PR1
STM-1 TRX
Modem Unit Power Supply
BPS
BPS RPS
Fig. 4-4 shows the 1+1 line protection terminal configuration consisting of
• 1 BBU shelf equipped with
- 2 STM-1 Modules with the STM-1/OC-3 interfaces (with SFP):
1 operation signal and one signal with low priority
- 1 RPS Module
- 1 SOH Module for processing the section overhead
- 1 TMN Module for controlling and monitoring
- optionally on demand: 1 EOW Module
- and 1 or 2 BPS Modules
• 2 TRX Units
• 1 Channel Branching Network per polarisation with
- The channel branching Tx and the channel branching Rx-Main, connected via a
circulator and a waveguide to the main antenna
- Optionally if space diversity is required: The channel branching Rx-Div, connected via a
waveguide to the diversity antenna Channel Branching Rx-Main
STM-1 OP1
STM-1 TRX
/OC3
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
STM-1 PR1
STM-1 TRX
/OC3
(low prio)
BPS
BPS RPS
Modem Unit Power Supply
Fig. 4-5 shows the 4+1 line protection terminal configuration consisting of
• 1 BBU shelf equipped with
- 5 STM-1 Modules with the STM-1/OC-3 interfaces (with SFP):
4 operation signals and one signal with low priority
- 1 RPS Module
- 1 SOH Module for processing the section overhead
- 1 TMN Module for controlling and monitoring
- optionally on demand: 1 EOW Module
- and 1 or 2 BPS Modules
• 5 TRX Units
• 1 Channel Branching Network per polarisation with
- The channel branching Tx and the channel branching Rx-Main, connected via a
circulator and a waveguide to the main antenna
- Optionally if space diversity is required: The channel branching Rx-Div, connected via a
waveguide to the diversity antenna Channel Branching Rx-Main
OP1
STM-1
1 x STM-1/OC-3 (low prio)
TRX
OP2
4 x STM-1/OC-3
STM-1 TRX
OP3
STM-1 TRX
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
OP4
STM-1 TRX
PR1
STM-1 TRX
BPS
BPS RPS
Modem Unit Power Supply
Fig. 4-6 shows the 2x(4+1) line protection terminal configuration. In principal this configuration
consists of two identical and independent 4+1 terminal configurations as described in chapter
4.5, from which one terminal is connected to the horizontal antenna port and one terminal to the
vertical antenna port. For lower investment costs and for lower operational costs (e.g. software
handling) only one TMN Module is required in one of the two 4+1 terminal configurations, in the
other an ICC Module connected to the TMN Module is sufficient.
H
EOW SOH TMN
V
OP1
TRX
STM-1 TRX
OP3
STM-1 TRX H
OP4
STM-1 TRX V
PR1
STM-1 TRX
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
BPS
BPS RPS
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
EOW SOH ICC
Channel Branching Rx-Main
OP1
Channel Branching Rx Div
STM-1
1 x STM-1/OC-3 (low prio)
TRX
Channel Branching Tx
OP2
4 x STM-1/OC-3
STM-1 TRX
STM-1 OP3
TRX
BPS RPS
Instead of using a dedicated branching network for each terminal, the two terminals can also use
• only one branching network (if only one polarisation is used)
• or two branching networks together
(the TRX Units of a BBU are connected to both branching networks).
OP1
Channel Branching Rx Div
STM-1 TRX
Channel Branching Tx
OP2
STM-1 TRX
OP3
STM-1 TRX
OP4
STM-1 TRX
PR1
STM-1 TRX
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
BPS
BPS RPS
1 x STM-1 (low-pr.)
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
4 x STM-1,
OP1
Channel Branching Rx Div
STM-1 TRX
Channel Branching Tx
OP2
STM-1 TRX
OP3
STM-1 TRX
Modem Unit Power Supply
OP4
STM-1 TRX
PR1
STM-1 TRX
Modem Unit Power Supply
BPS
BPS RPS
Marconi LH supports together with the DPU STM-4 a transparent STM-4 transmission. The DPU
STM-4 is connected to the STM-1 interfaces of the Marconi LH radio system and performs
• the STM-4 data processing
• and the N+M line protection switching (N up to 4, M up to 2).
From a partially occupied STM-4 data stream only the STM-1 frames occupied within the STM-4
signal are transmitted permitting a high spectrum efficiency. Unoccupied STM-1 signals are
replaced in the STM-4 signal by an ‘unequipped signal’.
OP2
STM-1 TRX
STM-4
OP3
STM-1 TRX
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
OP4
STM-1 TRX
PR1
STM-1 TRX
BPS
BPS
DPU STM-4
This application permits the transport of a STM-4 data stream via a Regenerator Section and
meets all criteria for use within STM-4 trunk networks and STM-4 ring networks.
Fig. 4-9 shows the 9+1 line protection terminal configuration consisting of
• 2 BBU shelfs, every shelf equipped with
- 5 STM-1 Modules with the STM-1/OC-3 interfaces (with SFP):
9 operation signals and one signal with low priority (first BBU shelf)
- 1 SOH Module for processing the section overhead
- 1 TMN or 1 ICC Module for controlling and monitoring
- optionally on demand: 1 EOW Module
- and 1 or 2 BPS Modules
• 10 TRX Units
• 1 Channel Branching Network per polarisation with
- The channel branching Tx and the channel branching Rx-Main, connected via a
circulator and a waveguide to the main antenna
- Optionally if space diversity is required: The channel branching Rx-Div, connected via a
waveguide to the diversity antenna
H
EOW SOH TMN
V
OP1
Channel Branching Rx-Main
STM-1
1 x STM-1/OC-3 (low prio)
TRX
Channel Branching Rx Div
Channel Branching Tx
OP2
4 x STM-1/OC-3
STM-1 TRX
OP3
STM-1 TRX H
OP4
STM-1 TRX V
PR1
STM-1 TRX
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
BPS
BPS RPS
RX-Div.
TX
RX-Main
OP5
Channel Branching Rx Div
STM-1 TRX
Channel Branching Tx
OP6
5 x STM-1/OC-3
STM-1 TRX
STM-1 OP7
TRX
Modem Unit Power Supply
STM-1 OP8
TRX
OP9
STM-1 TRX
Modem Unit Power Supply
BPS
BPS RPS
Fig. 4-10 shows a 3+1 terminal configuration of MDRS 155 E, which is extended with
components of Marconi LH to a 8+1 terminal configuration. The extended terminal acts as one
network element with the full MDRS 155 E / Marconi LH functionality.
Modem Rx
1 x STM-1/OC-3 (low prio)
Unit PR1
with Tx
3 x STM-1/OC-3
RPS-H
MDRS OP1
Rx
Tx
155 E RPS-C
Modem Rx
OP2
Unit
Tx
with
Channel Branching Tx
OP3
Service & Wayside Channels, Overhead Tx
EOW interfaces Access Unit
Lon-Bus
STM-1 OP4
TRX
OP5
5 x STM-1/OC-3
STM-1 TRX
OP6
STM-1 TRX
STM-1 OP7
TRX
OP8
STM-1 TRX
BPS
BPS RPS
For extending a MDRS 155 E terminal with Marconi LH the following connections have to be
provided:
• For controlling and monitoring, the TMN Module in the BBU has to be connected to the
control module in the Overhead Access Unit of MDRS 155 E via the LON-Bus. The TMN
Module takes over the master function for controlling and monitoring the network element.
• For protection switching, the RPS Module in the BBU has to be connected to the RPS-C of
MDRS 155 E. In general the PR channels are always part of MDRS 155 E and the
Marconi LH is configured as N+0 terminal.
• MDRS 155 E and Marconi LH use the same channel branching components, so that the
TRX Units can easily be connected to the channel branching network of MDRS 155 E.
Fig. 4-11 shows the rack assembly of the extended 8+1 terminal configuration and highlights the
small footprint of Marconi LH compared to MDRS 155 E (5 channel in a half rack compared to 4
channels in >1 rack). Additionally the power consumption of Marconi LH is only half of the power
consumption of MDRS 155 E. Therefore Marconi LH leads to big operational and capital cost
savings.
Div
Main
Power Box
RX-Main
4 Transmitter
2 Modem
Unit Shelfs
Fig. 4-11: Rack assembly for the extended 8+1 terminal configuration
The Local Maintenance Terminal PC with the corresponding LMT program is foreseen for local
or remote Marconi LH commissioning and maintenance. The LMT also permits on-site or remote
control and monitoring tasks to be executed in service on the Marconi LH. The LMT program can
address not only Marconi LH but also other network element types.
• via modem
PSTN
SDH-Subnetwork
managed via
ECC (DCCR, DCCM or LAN)
RS-485
QD2 managed
equipment
The Local Maintenance Terminal can be directly connected to the RS232 interface of the TMN
Module for local maintenance purposes:
The LMT is windows-based. Fig. 5-2 shows three examples of the graphical user interface:
• The main window with the whole terminal view
• The window with the card information
• The window for adjusting the Tx power
A LMT interface located on the front panel of the BBU permits the direct connection of the
Local Maintenance Terminal for control purposes. The LMT can either communicate with
Marconi LH locally via the RS-232 interface, TC57 and the TP4 user interface, or remotely
(via the DCN or the LAN using the OSI protocol stack).
The LMT permits several remote logons to be executed simultaneously. The number of
possible connections is determined by the LMT performance features.
A connection between the Marconi LH and the LMT can also be set up via a TCP/IP link. This
method offers the following advantages:
MDRS155EC
Marconi LH MDRS155EC
Marconi LH Marconi LH
MDRS155EC
Fig. 5-3: TCP/IP connection between the Marconi LH and the LMT
In this case, the Marconi LH is connected via its LAN interface to a LAN. The LMT is also
connected to a LAN. Both LANs are interconnected either via the Internet or an Intranet.
For setting up the connection, both the Marconi LH and LMT still require some IP address
information (IP address, sub-net mask, IP address of the default Gateway) to be made
available via the PC interface.
The LMT can get its IP address information in the following ways:
The LMT can also set up remote connections to further network elements. For this purpose,
a TCP/IP connection is first set up to the Marconi LH. Then a remote logon is performed via
the DCN (Data Communication Network) to the corresponding network element.
Only one LMT connection can be set up to a Marconi LH at a time. If a TCP/IP connection
already exists, additional connection commands (via TCP/IP or the serial PC interface) will
be rejected. If a connection via the serial PC interface already exists, an additional TCP/IP
connection to the Marconi LH cannot be set up. Herewith, a coherent control and
maintenance between the radio and it's LMT system is granted.
The Network Administrator must ensure that unauthorised access to the Marconi LH is not
possible via the TCP/IP connection. Such an unauthorised access could be prevented, for
example, by installing a firewall in the LAN of the Marconi LH.
The connection of the LMT to Marconi LH can also be set up via a modem link.
Marconi LH
One of the two modems is connected to the LMT interface LMT of Marconi LH, while the far-
end modem is connected to the RS-232 interface of the LMT (PC).
Before this link can be used, both modems must be configured via a PC using an
appropriate Terminal program, e.g. HyperTerminal.
Marconi LH can be connected to the network management system ServiceOn Access, which is
based on the SISA information model and the SISA protocol. According to Fig. 5-1 the
Marconi LH can be connected to the ServiceOn Access via three different data communication
networks (DCN). From the view of the network management system ServiceOn Access, it is of
no importance which transport layers are used to transmit the SISA protocol.
ServiceOn Access
RS485 DCCR or DCCM LAN (OSI) DCCR or DCCM LAN (IP) DCCR or DCCM
A direct connection can be set up via the respective physical interfaces: RS485 for the QD2-
DCN as well as LAN for the OSI- and IP-DCN. An indirect connection is set up by embedding
the management information in the STM-1 signal. In this case, the SISA data are transported in
the internal communication channel, in the so-called DCN (Data Communication Network)
reserved for management purposes.
The DCN can be implemented on the DCCM or DCCR. The DCCM is composed of the section
overhead (SOH) bytes D4 to D12 of the STM-1 signal, while the DCCR is composed of D1 to D3.
Whether the DCCR or DCCM is used depends on the operating mode adjusted for SOH
processing of the corresponding STM-1 signal.
Marconi LH can be connected to ServiceOn Optical and MiniLink Manager too. These network
management systems support the following DCN:
• ServiceOn Optical: OSI-DCN and IP-DCN
• MiniLink Manager: IP-DCN
In all cases a direct connection via the LAN interface and an indirect connection via the DCN is
supported.
The QD2 interface is used to connect the Marconi LH as Slave to the QD2-DCN. If the system
operates as Master, it is also possible to connect other network elements of a QD2 network. The
protocol stack of this interface is described in the following overview.
OSI Layer
User Protocol (AWP01) 7
Layers 4 to 6 are not used.
The data transmission protocol ensures a secure and bit-error-free transmission of the SISA
data (AWP01 and VMP01) using the HDLC procedure. From the physical view, these data are
finally transported via a serial RS-485 4-wire interface.
The OSI protocol stack is composed as depicted below. The SISA-specific data of the user and
switching protocols are transported using the OSI-TP4 protocol and the lower-order layers either
via the LAN interface or the DCN to their destination.
OSI Layer
User Protocol (AWP01)
7
Switching Protocol (VMP01)
Layers 5 and 6 are not used.
Network layer 3
CLNS - ISO 8473 (ISO 8348/DAD1)
ES-IS - ISO 9542 / IS-IS - ISO 10589
LAPD, Q.921
LLC - ISO 8802-2 (Type 1)
MAC: CSMA/CD - ISO 8802-3 2
DCCR DCCM LAN 1
ECC transmission Q3p interface
Layer-3 routing protocols use always the shortest path for information exchange between the
transmitter and receiver. For this purpose, each network element informs all other network
elements within an SDH network (routing area) on the adjacent network elements connected to
it. Based on this information, each network element creates a routing table which includes the
shortest path (lowest number of LEs) to each destination within the routing area. These routing
tables are updated after each topology modification or at regular intervals.
The TCP/IP interface is used to connect the MDRS 155 S to a TCP/IP-DCN. The protocol stack
of this interface is shown below.
OSI Layer
User Protocol (AWP01)
7
Switching Protocol (VMP01)
Layers 5 and 6 are not used.
TCP 4
IP 3
LLC - ISO 8802-2 (Type 1)
MAC: CSMA/CD - ISO 8802-3 2
10BaseT 1
LAN interface
Since the standardized TCP/IP protocols are supported, the local network element can be
connected to the TMN using TCP/IP networks. Error-free transmission of the SISA data (AWP01
and VMP01) is guaranteed by the LLC and MAC protocols. The physical transport takes place
via a 10BaseT interface.
The Marconi LH supports both the entry of static routes and the dynamic OSPF routing in
compliance with RFC 2328.
Static routing
A radio link is set up using two routers, each being equipped with a LAN port and DCN port . In
order to interconnect the LAN ports s of a radio link, a default route is entered automatically. The
routing table permits the entry of up to ten static IP routes for setting up logic, hierarchical
network structures with destination networks outside the two own IP network address areas. The
bandwidth of the DCN port is maximum 168 kbit/s for the DCCR or 360 kbit/s for the DCCM.
as traffic volume, signal delay, transmission bandwidth and line tariffs and assign these costs to
the individual interfaces. This enables the router to exactly calculate the routing metrics.
OSI Layer
User Protocol (AWP01)
7
Switching Protocol (VMP01)
Layers 5 and 6
Layers 5 and 6 are not used. are not
used.
In the Q3p mode, the Marconi LH system is operated as a complete OSI network element.
Management information is transported via the LAN interface or in the traffic data stream either
via the DCCR or DCCM.
This operating mode permits the Marconi LH to be simultaneously used as QD2 Gateway.
Besides the QD2 agent and XQI of the system, an additional QD2 station bus is provided for
controlling further QD2 network elements.
OSI-DCN OSI-NE
- MS1/4
- MDRS 155 (Q3P)
LAN
LAN
Multiprotocol Multiprotocol
Router IP IP Router
DCC- DCC-
DCC-
OSI-NE Line
OSI
Radio
OSI
Line OSI-NE
- MS1/4 - MS1/4
- MDRS 155 (Q3P) - MDRS 155 (Q3P)
Network Element Network Element
SISA-V SISA-V
Marconi LH Martconi LH
SISA-V SISA-V
RS485 RS485
QD2-NE QD2-NE
- MS1/4 - MS1/4
- MDRS 155 - MDRS 155
(QD2-Slave or (QD2-Slave or
QD2-SISA-V) QD2-SISA-V)
In the QD2 Slave mode, the Marconi LH system is used as a conventional QD2 subscriber
connected to a QD2 station bus. The network element implements the access via a SISA-V to
the system agent and the integrated XQI adapter.
QD2-DCN
RS485
IP
OSI
SISA-V
Agent XQI
Mode QD2-Slave
In the QD2-SISA-V and QD2-via-SISA-V modes, the Marconi LH system is operated in a QD2
network.
Operated in the QD2-SISA-V mode, the system represents the Gateway to the QD2 network and
is connected via the RS485 interface. Besides the QD2 agent of the system and the associated
XQI, this operating mode provides an additional QD2 station bus for connecting other QD2
network elements or further Marconi LH systems operated in the QD2-via-SISA-V mode.
Operated in the QD2-via-SISA-V mode, the system is logically connected either via the DCCR or
DCCM as well as the OSI/LAN interface to the virtual SISA-V concentrator of the Marconi LH
operated in the QD2-SISA-V mode. The number of systems connected according to this
principle is limited to 30.
RS485
LAN LAN
Multiprotocol Multiprotocol
Router IP IP Router
DCC- DCC-
MDRS Line
OSI
Radio DCC-
Line MDRS
OSI
155
(QD2-via-SISA-V) Network
SISA-V 155
(QD2-via-SISA-V)
Network Element
Element SISA-V SISA-V Marconi LH
Marconi LH
SISA-V SISA-V
RS485 RS485
QD2-NE QD2-NE
- MS1/4 - MS1/4
- MDRS 155 - MDRS 155
(QD2-Slave or (QD2-Slave or
QD2-SISA-V) QD2-SISA-V)
In the QD2-IP mode, the Marconi LH system is operated in a TCP/IP network. Besides the QD2
agent and XQI of the system, a QD2 station bus is set up permitting the connection of another
30 QD2 network elements.
An IP data channel is established via the DCCR or DCCM channel to the far end. Using this
channel, another QD2 station bus can be set up in the far end and further TCP/IP network
elements can be included via the LAN interface in the IP data traffic.
IP-DCN IP-NE
- MDRS 155
(QD2-IP or
QD2-SISA-V-IP)
LAN
LAN
DCC-
Multiprotocol Radio Multiprotocol
Router IP IP Router
OSI OSI
SISA-V SISA-V
RS485 RS485
QD2-NE QD2-NE
- MS1/4 - MS1/4
- MDRS 155 - MDRS 155
(QD2-Slave or (QD2-Slave or
QD2-SISA-V) QD2-SISA-V)
In the QD2-SISA-V-IP and QD2-via SISA-V modes, the Marconi LH system is operated in a
TCP/ IP network.
Operated in the QD2-SISA-V-IP mode, the system is used as Gateway to the IP network and is
connected via the LAN interface. Besides the QD2 agent of the system and the associated XQI,
this operating mode provides an additional QD2 station bus for connecting other QD2 network
elements or further Marconi LH systems operated in the QD2-via-SISA-V mode.
Operated in the QD2-via-SISA-V mode, the system is logically connected either via the DCCR or
DCCM as well as the OSI/LAN interface to the virtual SISA-V concentrator of the Marconi LH
operated in the QD2-SISA-V mode. The number of systems connected according to this
principle is limited to 30.
Additionally an IP data channel is established via the DCCR or DCCM channel to the far end.
Using this channel further TCP/IP network elements can be connected via the LAN interface.
IP-NE MDRS
IP-DCN 155
- MDRS 155
(QD2-IP or
QD2-SISA-V-IP) (QD2-via-SISA-V)
LAN
LAN
DCC-
Radio
Multiprotocol Multiprotocol
Router IP IP Router
MDRS DCC-
Line
DCC-
Line MDRS
OSI
155
(QD2-via-SISA-V)
SISA-V
OSI
155
Network (QD2-via-SISA-V)
Network Element
Element SISA-V SISA-V Marconi LH
Marconi LH
SISA-V SISA-V
RS485 RS485
QD2-NE QD2-NE
- MS1/4 - MS1/4
- MDRS 155 - MDRS 155
(QD2-Slave or (QD2-Slave or
QD2-SISA-V) QD2-SISA-V)
7 General data
System values:
ATPC range 20 dB
Baseband interface
STM-1/STS-3 electrical CMI-coded, according to ITU-T G.703
STM-1/OC-3 optical S-1.1, L-1.1 and L-1.2 according to ITU-T G.957, LC-Duplex (adaptation to SC(PC), DIN or E2000)
STM-4 optical S-4.1, S-4.1, L-4.1 and L-4.2 according to ITU-T G.957
Service channels Per BBU: E1-R, F1-R each 64 kbit/s co-directional, synchronous, according to ITU-T G.703
E1-L, F1-L each 64 kbit/s co-directional, synchronous, according to ITU-T G.703
up to 4x64 kbit/s co-directional, asynchronous, according to ITU-T G.703
Auxiliary channels Per BBU: 2x2 Mbit/s, 120 Ohm, according to ITU-T G.703
Protection switching 1+1 hot standby and N+1 line protection (bit error-free switchover)
4+2 line protection with DPU STM-4
frequency and space diversity (bit error-free switchover)
Integrated management QD2 (integrated SISA-V, remote connections using OSI routing)
routing protocols OSI routing (ES-IS, IS-IS L1, IS-IS L2)
Static IP routing (IP- Bridge, up to 10 static links configurable)
Dynamic IP routing (OSPF V2, RFC 2327)
Temperature range -5 to +50°C, acc. to ETSI EN300019, cl. 3.2 (extended up to +50°C)
Mechanical dimensions Up to 10 STM-1/OC-3 channels, including all options, in one ETSI or 19” inch cabinet
H: 2200 mm, W: 600 mm, D: 300 mm