1.2 Transcription system ‘ur pronunciation model isthe Brith accent called Received Pronuncla- tion (RP). The transition i ilnrted on the inside ofthe cover ofthis book. We follow the IPA (nterational Ponetics Asocstio) syste, ds represented by the Longman Proncuncing Dictionary (LPD). 1990, and dope in the lest editions of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English (OALD), Stora engelsksversa ordboten nd many ether dict nies, Where there are notewerthy differences between Brith and Amer an pronunciacons (other than the ronanciaton off anda), we also ‘ve te American tansripton scording to LPD: the Bish promunca ‘onto the left andthe American to the righ of double bars I). The Ames. ‘an model is General American (GA). Mos: consonant phonemes ae represented by onary leer and are therefore not inchided onthe cover: p Bak g mar Fv sh Length is marked by /, Stress ie nowadays marked before the syllable tht cares theses. citer a primary ses // tthe top of the ine as secondary sites // a the botom: prenuacTation fpranansn. The maker is ced at the boundary between syllables ("stavelsegrans", whichis generally hefoe one consonant, i there only ane between two vows, between ‘two comonants, and after the first consonant If there are thee” eg. abandon fbendani, commodity f'n, my hp. ‘oneonan fj wi rogarded sone unt an tha belongs to the ater syllable: retreat” fait reply pla, refuse iz, berwwen 0 ‘win In prefixed and compound words she syllable Boundary is usu ally found afer te prefix and between the elements of the compound table ab), component kam'paunoal, Tou'speaker avd spk 13. Ordinary writing and transcription Ther re sme npr diereces between wing and tansrpon, ‘The following devices do mt coir in neerpton: Copal eter: l/l) + Double consonant (except when theres sllable boundary: Bill ol, erty Poet ee, But note solely sso, misspel fm pe. The Jeers x and etx ks, cicle 59: et ‘+ Punctuation masks such fl stops, commas, exclamation and question ‘marks, Instead vertical bar () is used © mask tone-nit bounds. Note alse ‘Combinations of leters may comespond to one single sound: song ‘eel hip Ick Mk, pad sped, “One leer may comtpond to several sounds: bar Pokal) exact ieeek, ee 1 A leer maybe mute: doubt, almond, ee. The same leter or leuors may be pronounced dtferedy indifferent words: go ~ do ~ dane: get — gem /O3em/, chap he ~ chaos ‘Persia! ~ champagne im pen, The sume sound may comespond to diferent ltrs: se si) — beat, Ibi ~ me fi: — plece ips jb Adoblagerb — gem fgem/ ~ judge ‘sud spinach PSpaudgh ee3 Transcription of isolated words 3.1. From transcription to spelling A From the RP wanscrgion, write the following words wit ther ordinary spellings. Pronounce the words alo, 1 aa 2 oma 3. kay 4 at Sia 6. Soto) 7. Ned so 8. Pana 9 ow 1, Posty ere 1. pair ssn HY 15. indy 16 TI PMA onnnenece HAM 19. rej sss 20 Pam) 21. ethan) 2, fed 2B. PAPE secre 2 FADE 8. fldenenncne 2 fel 2 2 falenot 28 Pua i 2. nena 30. fh. 31, Pre se 3 OR 38 i en 34 fst 35. al son 36 Pew! ST beds 38. fea! 38. ed soonest 4, Poly soe. el $8. os 44, Pap $5. at) on 1 M6 st AIS sense 4. WH 3.2. From transcription to spelling B From the RP tansripton, write the following words with their onary sellings. Each ord ean be spelt at least wo ways: Make a note ofthe siference in meaning. 1. 3. Muy 5. ny 7 fas) 9.1. os 13, fo 15, MARY cnennnnn 17 eat 19, fa. 21 fa. 27. hou! 29. fe 33. ve 12 fol 14 pt 1. ies 20. ia! 2. brow! 24 Pabstsiman 26. Kat 28, pes 30. fweday oe 3 Poti 34, eal 3.3 From transcription to spelling C ‘Transfer the following pasige © ontinary wring. Read the pasege loos. ‘ox nau 'ma ts sed ‘oid "kfon sta av “daund sk oer bogs ta unin oy uke an'xDar empl an a2 Py ‘senk wa Brace instant instant ond 2 apaods 129 jurion | at mere Bat er ver osm Lav bn lads “into Tend ek Bo dina rule Sat war el an dae) 3.4 Vowels Practise wanseiption of vowels. Do not forget to putin sress masks before the sessed syllable in woads with more than one sylabe 1. tet sus Dat Bi boat as - 6can 7. nat myess) so Be cu HOR) 9.0L enn 1, i 11. ot seven Hs get 13. note 4, tanger 15, tok 16, oer 17 tuck 118, mere 19, bck 2D, me 2B ta ces PA M006 CHE28, ek (gga pAIWE) ces 24, mare 25, coot (sthina.. 26, weary 27, cot Pbamsng”) neces 28, wary Cassa”) 29, 208M eee 30. boosh Cbg". 1 coat sons 32, owing 3.5 Consonants Practise transition of consonants, 1.Sue 2 jp 3. shoe S.chew Tew 9. due 10. choke 1, 00 cnn My je 13, ew CggR") cee Me YORE 15, ough Ctr") sn 1, sine 17 vine vinaRka") ese Haine 18. IRE ones 20, tH oe 21 thine (bsoete“din") 22 pleasure 23. sheep 26 3.6 Regular sound-spelling correspondences ‘Transcibe the following words. Then pronounce them aloud, sound by sand. station 2. jnk-yard shone”) 2 wal 3.7 Similar spelling — different sounds “Transcribe the following pairs with similar spelling bat (usually) different foun: Mak wich ft pi ye. 1. amber ¢*bamsten”) ember 6") 2. achieve sieve Cal) 3 seul Mima ivameset 24 Weak forms “This chapter gives practice of so-called weak or redoced) forms ad sew tee tes, Weak fom are sed in monosyllabic fusction words orm ord) like articles, pronouns (except damonsratives and iterogativs), ‘uxilary verbs, prepositions, snd conjunctions. Not the ferent mean ings of srong tht and there (emotive pronoun and adverb, emp tively) compared with weak lat (eeatve pronoun or cojunction) and ‘here (comesponding to Swedish "dt". ‘The words caring sentence suess are usualy content words (‘inne llsor”), that is nouns, lexical verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Other classes of words which regualy receive sentence stess are numerals (Crakncor”), demonstrative and interopaive pronouns. Sentence ress it Inarked // before te apllble carrying primary sires. Secondary sues is reduced in connected spech an soul ot be masked. Menosylbic con» {ent words ogualy receive sutene etext whichis marked Before the ‘word, Note that words wit two or more sills Keep the sess on the Sace syllable as when pronounced in isolation, Do not stomatal place theses maker athe beginning of a wor. Proceed io trascribe the sentences and the texts, The Histo texts ae aricalryeatbl forthe practice of weak foms. The ees insrate all ins of pronunciation problems. Ia tansebingseatences and text you hou ate the following pois: + Seatence ses is mainly placed on coment words + Weak forms ate geoeally used in unstresed funtion words, 1 A vercal bar () i wed fr pauses often caresponding to punctuation ‘marks in wing (fll stops; eXclamation und question mks; colons an semi-colens; commas). 4 Sluning tines (begin and end phonemic transcription. Tis ‘licen opt in one marker before the rst word and one after the last ‘Word ofthe fetenceit «Assimilation and elision often oar wien words ae used in context. [As befor, remember the non-eistence in tansription of capital eters, {ouble consonants, he leterse and x and puntuation mas (ef Chapter 1). For mare information on weak frm and sentence ses, se Chapors 6-7 in he Handbookiinroducing. 4.1. Sentences ‘ranscribe the sentences below, following the iastrctons given above ‘When you hive transcribed the sentences, read them alood making soe you have used weak forms when they are requied 1. tsounds like a good idea to go o Bagland fora fortnight 2. You know very wall hat ea’ do ha. ‘3. There was aman ose you, but told hi tat you ween ther 4. The shops ae all lose at this time ofthe day.— Are they? ‘5. Boye ean be quite nasty, atest some of them can3 Transcription of isolated words 341 From transeription to spelling A 1 od 2posesion 3 ax, teks tr) 4 eno0gh 5 young 6 thermometer Tetooee, chews Baoneinaw 9 oh ro business 1 seit 2holiday 13 breathe 14heo 15 jaye 6 jay 17 maton 1 desease C380 19 raion 20-come back 2 makeop 22 precedent 23 archbishop 24 oor 25 foroad 26 youns 27 glamotue me schism 29 ignore 20 woh 31 fal Stoceasion 33 ieea Buse Gow) Shee 36ehuoe 3 exe 58 scisors sacke ‘4oholy 4 wholy 42 word cet) cough ‘ hicomgh, cup 45 ze, sighs ‘Mone ‘Tews bint 3.2 From transcription to spelling B key guay 2 wher, wear 3 lew, Ou Caen), Ne Cates”) 4 flower, oer 5 whi, wie 6 right, writ, ie, play/vrghe ‘Thoow emus, bough Ce) 80, sow Ca, sew C7) 9 ie, I'D ais ep inn”) ohew cige),bue Crago’, Hugh 11 saw, sor, soar Coane) 96 12001 cope Beas cous 14 poor, paw cus) 15000, wom hear, here 17 there, tie 18 queue, cv rept jury, Q, Kew Gardens 19 Leyeayel at"3) 20 set, sas, 25, Ct 21 te, to, (song form) 22.0, broach exp) 23 ead 7. 26 clergyman, leaymen 25 his, hare 26 ie, dye Cas) 121 whol, bale 2B place pice Cia) 29 uve nave Cminlep sa") 30 weather, wheter Carte, weer Cage) 32 deny, bay 33 way weigh, whey Cras) St bear Cae tbe, bate 3.3 From Transcription to spelling C ‘There's no diane," he sid seriously, “The kitchen staff have downed tol The chet belongs tothe un of eoks and eer employees, and ws s00n 8 they head of Bis summary isis atx moments note, dey struck work ‘They demand bis instant ensateweat and an apology to he union, {may ad that thoy are very frm. I've been obliged even to had back the diner rls ‘that were already on the able 74 Weak forms References tothe Handook (i) and to Inpoducing English Pronunciation () at Sat Soot tre given within parentheses. As befor, double bas sepa te pronucn Gkot "Tmt Skat ti in British and American English aad a single bat | marks the boundary 10a 1 nolllnat | betwoen tne nits pie 1S time lek lak 2m isk 25k 25 rari ZT kta 4.1 Sentences Biot 30 bond bom} 31 oot 326m 1 nt saunds lank gd ar to ou 6921) oo tr ‘ngand fr A 69.1) osinat 3.5 Consonants | 2e'noo veri we dot ovr 69.2) at antfksont et | 38.0169. wor imaen t's ju | bat 0469.1) a1 sold ma Bot ju Lew. 2 tp She 4p ‘want eo 0469. Sie Gd 7 ase ary 400 opslliaps a cur69.'st elavad ot 160.30 8s tam Saude tok tye 12 dpok (1169. 20 ‘des | G1 69.4) er Bhi ase ‘stole watis mk 5 bor kan kam) bi wat nestinims | at eam a Ba ka 21am Ryle 3p Hee | ivan Wank 19. wan, 3.6 Regular sound — spelling correspondences 2 dsankjod 4 ona i 6 WoRIot “fork: Wak 8 potakjolo pe 10 edo. 11 sentfri 12 "fatdyus 13 strexely 14 togotonas aus sete 16 Sonkewitd | 17 Toate 18 masoroti tsar “yar | 19 etl ss 20 measemtnerfon 21 pedro 22 eygisa 23'emsipoksiftmopaks ‘smal 24nesasar sori Source: English Pronvaciatien - of Werlcbeck (Sed ol, 199 5) by Sehanssin, 5. /Rinnecdal, 6