Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
IMRAN. H
SPR Code
DECLARATION
<Signature>
IMRAN.H
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this work titled “The Constitution Of The Mind In Spatial
Paradigms” is the bonafide work of IMRAN.H , who carried out the work under our
supervision. Certified further, that to the best of our knowledge the work reported is
Department
The Constitution of the Mind
in Spatial Paradigms
“An interdisciplinary research on
space planning and human behavior”
ABSTRACT
PAGE
CHAPTERS
NO
1 INTRODUCTION 1
INTRODUCTORY 2
2 BACKGROUND 26
LITERATURE REVIEW 28
3 METHODOLOGY 34
4 CONCLUSION 39
REFERENCES 40
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The built environment has changed dramatically through the centuries and will
change in the years to come. It has changed so to suit the needs of its inhabitants. The
human needs become the space requirements in the schematic process of architecture.
But what are these needs and are they the only ones, is it sufficient only to
satisfy the basic needs or can architecture be more meaningful and understandable to
the human self than what the senses perceive.
But there is a rich reminiscence to what architecture was before man started
enveloping himself inside a three dimensional Cartesian box.
In the wake of war and struggle which led to mass human suffering in the past
70 years, societies have inclined towards grooming the physical self and forgotten our
most basic need to sustain the ‘self’ which encompasses not only the physiological but
also the psychological which is of interest in this paper.
This move in our immediate past has led architects and professionals to measure
man and his basic accommodations rather than fulfill them.
A thought provoking quote from Juhani Pallasma’s Eye of the Skin on how
society has built that which suffices our sight and hearing but ignores our other senses.
1
The Eyes Of The Skin, Architecture and the Senses, Juhani Pallasma
1
Introductory
The fundamentals of our society is built by our intellect and in recent decades
this has proved beneficial as well as harmful.
We need to reckon with the fact that we are capable at the same time
destructive.
The time our ancestors took to build The Great Pyramid or The Taj Mahal, we
could do it in a far short period.
But it is not for the grandeur that we should remember the past but for its
effectiveness as phenomenal structures in the societies they occupied.
And these are moments where space itself should act as the medicine or space
should heal.
As a matter of fact material technology is at its forefront in today’s world its use
is wide and beneficial in space planning and architecture but at the same time we should
be careful to not forget the lessons from our past where built space was sculpted after
our own selves.
2
The Global Migrant Crisis, www.newirin.irinnews.org , 27/5/2016
2
Statement of the Problem
Especially with the post traumatic stress that they suffer after they leave the
battlefield. The reminders of the grimes of reality is what makes their memories in the
battlefield unbearable. What suffices them physically is not enough to tackle the inner
wars of trauma or the numbness from being aggressive to other fellow beings. A more
sensitive approach should be carried for solutions that ensure the individuals progress
as well as his/her physical and mental happiness. The soldiers plight after service is
much more connected to the horrors they face than the combat they tackled. Their
emotional trauma outweighs their freedom in the present. Apart from the stress the
soldiers experience, they also undergo a form of dangerous mental pain called
‘cognitive dissonance’, it is experienced by an individual who holds two or more
contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time, performs an action that is
contradictory to one or more beliefs, ideas, or values, or is confronted by new
information that conflicts with existing beliefs, ideas, or values3. This can happen in
part due to the actions of the organization they serve, when they cannot reconcile the
actions of those surrounding them with their beliefs. A shelter that houses them
mentally and physically is what they need and a sensible approach by designers can
achieve that. An ontological fix following this method can be achieved by maximizing
the positive effects between space and its user.
3
Cognitive dissonance Wikipedia, 23/5/2016
3
RESEARCH-QUESTION AND ANSWERS
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
7. What is stress ?
4
What is Space ?
From a human perspective, space is also a medium that sets the human body
and mind in motion. Here motion also refers to the activity in the brain.
-physicality
-conscious
Physicality
Acknowledging space around us through our senses. It need not be all, just one
is enough to prove our existence in space. Hearing a waterfall inside a dark cave is
acknowledging space through our hearing.
Consciousness
People who feel the transcendent in meditation, describe being one with the
universe, even though they have not traveled to those places.
5
What makes up space ?
Our Intellect
Its organ is the brain, it decides on the data sent by our senses. It also has a vast
storage of previously collected data since its existence called the memory, the brain is
also the seat of our conscious.
Our Identity
“If I drink this water it becomes part of me, if not it is outside of me”4.
This applies not only to eatables but also to our dwellings where we
differentiate between the inside and the outside. The former being safer than the latter.
This identity which we take on for survival also helps us with identifying our
environment.
Our Body
Our Physique which comprises our sense organs plays a major role in
determination of our surroundings.
4
Sadhguru “Developing an inclusive conscious”Talks at Google,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQn8X4FbpTM, 20/10/2016
6
Our sense organs
Sight
Is the ability to focus and detect images of visible light on photo receptors in
the retina of each eye that generates electrical nerve impulses for varying colors, hues
and brightness.
Hearing
Taste
Taste (or, the more formal term, gustation; adjectival form: "gustatory") is one
of the traditional five senses. It refers to the capability to detect the taste of substances
such as food, certain minerals, and poisons, etc. The sense of taste is often confused
with the "sense" of flavor, which is a combination of taste and smell perception. There
are five basic tastes: sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami.
Smell
Smell or olfaction is the other "chemical" sense. Unlike taste, there are
hundreds of olfactory receptors. Odor molecules possess a variety of features and,
thus, excite specific receptors more or less strongly. This combination of excitatory
signals from different receptors makes up what we perceive as the molecule's smell.
In the brain, olfaction is processed by the olfactory system. Olfactory receptor
neurons in the nose differ from most other neurons in that they die and regenerate on a
regular basis. The inability to smell is called anosmia. Some neurons in the nose are
specialized to detect pheromones.
5
The surprising Effect of Taste and Smell. Live Science, The 5 Senses, By Dr.William K Pediapolis,24/10/2016
7
Touch
Other Senses
Humans have other senses that they are aware of, outside of the Traditional
Senses. Senses like Balance, Temperature, Kinesthetic sense, and Pain. Sensory
substitution and extension are research areas that can make living creatures have new
abilities, instead of simply replacing or augmenting existing abilities.
The houses we occupy can someday be one whole rather than compartments of
different spatial uses.
If so, these structural forms will make it easier to categorize and modify the
built environment.
For this we should seek inspiration from the human’s nomadic way of life.
From the yurts of Mongolia, the Bedouin tents of North Africa to the barges that
carry families in Europe, space behaves as one functioning system because the
occupants needs or one fundamental need like work or food is entwined with the
conceptual development of these shelters.
If our homes were designed to facilitate for the fulfillment of the main objective,
that if satisfied satisfies all the other needs. We can accomplish a space that is one
functioning system.
8
sensors, actuators, displays, and computational elements, embedded seamlessly in the
everyday objects of our lives, connected through a continuous network.”
Even though periodic cycles occur in nature not all of them are bad to the
natural residents of earth.
Humans are natural dynamic creatures both internally and externally, so they
need to stick to static structures in their lifetime and also given that their needs keep
changing, the features of adjustability, flexibility and expansion are to be incorporated
in their living spaces.
This is the reason change in space should be avoided and at the same time
facilitated.
6
Mark Weiser - Wikipedia, 24/10/2016
9
Characteristics of good changes in space are the inclusion of new development
without hindering already established functions.
Human built environments are static and have a repetitive definite process,
change if included should facilitate this process and not break them.
Well space can also be in a very interesting and fulfilling way that it mutates on
its own for the betterment or enhancement of the user-space experience.
A building’s capability for motion can be just used to : enhance its aesthetic
qualities, respond to environmental conditions, and/or perform functions that are
impossible for a static structure.7
Vladmir Tatlin’s monument for the Third International for example if erected
the cube part would have rotated its axis once a year, its pyramid once a month, its
cylinder once a day.
Because each part of the structure housed conference room, newspaper offices
to executive suites.
This has a strong inclination towards mutation of space which renews our
experience with it.
7
Kinetic Architecture,Wikipedia,7/11/2016
8
Body,Memory,Architecture-Kent C.Bloomer,Charles W.Moore,Yale University Press, 1977, 7/11/2016
10
The Building as a sensing agent
The Digital Water Pavilion designed for the Zaragoza Expo 2008, Spain by
architect Carlo Ratti where instead of using glass or steel to cover the sides of this
rectangular structure, water sprayers or showers are installed so you have a thin layer of
water droplets instead of walls and it senses users presence and lets them walk through
the sides as well as generating writing and patterns on the droplets.
Can architecture sense and pre-determine the outcome of our movements and
give a warning call or stop you from falling, quite possibly it can.
How ?
9
ResponsiveArchitecture,Wikipedia,24/10/2016
10
Responsive structures and Architecture,
http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/4910/responsive-structures-and-architecture,6/11/2016
11
What is post traumatic stress ?
Symptoms include :
Sleep: sleeping difficulty, difficulty falling asleep, insomnia, night terror, nightmares,
or sleep deprivation
12
What is stress ?
The flight or fight mode can save us in dangerous situations but the challenge is
when our body goes into stress in inappropriate situations.
When blood flow is only going to the important muscles to fight or flee, our
brain functions is minimized. This can lead to a inability to think straight, a great
hindrance in both our work and home lives. If we are kept in a state of stress for too long,
it can be detrimental to our health.
Fight
When your body goes into stress, we may feel aggressive and agitated towards
others, this can be due to our natural body reaction of fight. In unnecessary situations it
can negatively affect relationships and ruin reputations.
Flight
Some of us avoid the stressors, removing ourselves from the situation instead of
tackling it. This can be a sign of the flight survival instinct.
However in everyday life, this natural instinct can lead to a stressful situation
escalating, and increase our stress levels when we realize that the stressor is not going
away and we need to face it.
Freeze
For some people, becoming stressed sets the stage for dyregulation. The energy
mobilized from the perceived threat gets locked in the nervous system and we freeze.
This response sometimes reveals itself when we breath. Holding our breath and shallow
breathing are both forms of freeze. The occasional deep sigh is the nervous system
catching up on its oxygen intake.
13
What stresses soldiers during war ?
According to the job web site Careercast.com, military jobs ranked as the most
stressful occupation in the United states for the year 2013. A variety of factors
including physical danger, long periods away from home, physical demands, being in
the public eye and being responsible for the lives of others were implicated in this
ranking. Among United Kingdom forces, combat deployment has been associated with
high rates of mental disorders (19.7%) and alcohol abuse (13%; Fear et al.,2010)
14
A recent study demonstrated that approximately 32% of American soldiers who
are injured in combat develop PTSD, compared to 14% of those who were never
injured. The development of emotional and mental health issues also co varies with the
degree of injury sustained.11
An incident that occurred on February 2014 calls for the recognition of PTSD
victims in the Indian military.
A soldier shot five of his colleagues and turned the gun on himself inside the
military camp for Rashtriya Rifles paramilitary force in the disputed Kashmir region. A
similar incident happened in 2011 when a soldier killed four of his colleagues in
Anantnag district of Kashmir. It is noted that troops stationed at Kashmir complained of
long hours of duty, low pay, bad conditions and insufficient leave privileges.
Dr. Jonah Blank, a senior political scientist at RAND corp (Research and
Development) based in America has noted that the Indian public strongly supports the
troops stationed at Kashmir but that does not necessarily translate to effective
institutional support for soldiers suffering from PTSD or other psychological
disorders.12
11
Stress and Emotional Well-Being in Military Organisations P.D,Harms. Dina V.Kariskova, Adam J.Vanhove,
Mitchel N.Herain and Paul B.Lester,24/5/2016
12
http://www.ibtimes.com/unfriendly-fire-indian-soldier-kills-5-colleagues-kashmir-then-himself-1558295
15
The uses of man made fibers inside interiors ?
In many ways the natural counterpart is better in providing more comfort and an
aura of naturalness. But synthetic man-made fiber can actually redefine what a fiber can
do in the field of architecture and interior design.
13
Fiber,wikipedia,24/10/2016
16
Material Type
Synthetic fibers and fabrics are all made from a type of polymer but they each
have unique properties and characteristics making them useful for specific applications.
The fibers and fabrics may include a variety of materials and may feature a blended,
fibrous structure produced by copolymerization. Material types for synthetic fibers and
synthetic fabrics include:
These fibers are unique among synthetic fibers because they have an uneven
surface. The fibers are formed by additional polymerization of at least 85% by weight
of acrylonitrile or vinyl chanide.
Acrylic fibers can be artificial wool because it has the warmth and softness of
wool but does not absorb water. It is often used as cold weather fiber for blankets and
sweaters.
17
Aramid and polyimide fibers
Polyimide fiber is spun from the polymer by wet or dry processing techniques.
This is done using a polar organic solvent.
Polyimide fabric is flame retardant and can be used in high- temp applications.
These fibers are strong, light, and can be mixed with other materials. Carbon
fiber technology converts carbon to graphite to form tightly packed fibers.
Elastomeric fibers
They are cross linked natural and synthetic rubbers, spandex fibers (segmented
polyurethanes), anidex fibers (cross linked polyacrylates) and the side-by-side
biconstituent fiber of nylon and spandex. The fibers can have elongations (400-800%)
at break and recover fully and rapidly.
The term elastomer is derived from elastic polymer, which is also known as
rubber.
Spandex or elastoester
It is a soft fabric that is resistant to abrasion and can resist body oils,
perspiration and detergents. It does not have static or pilling problems.
18
Fluropolymer
Nylon
Nylon can be used in carpet. High-filament nylon yarns are often blended with
spandex and used in athletic apparel, swimwear, and hosiery. The fiber is durable,
strong, resists stains, hides soil, resists mildew and bacteria, prevents static, and is
resistant to abrasion. Disadvantages include: the fabric melts when exposed to high heat,
can be uncomfortable to wear next to skin, and absorbs oil and grease.
Polyolefin fibers
Polyester
The most important synthetic fiber. They contain at least 85% of polymericester
of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid including, but not restricted to, terephthalic
acid and f-hydroxybenzoic acid. The manufacturing process uses melt-spinning so the
size and shape can be adjusted for specific applications. It is utilized in all types of
19
clothing, home furnishings, and as a reinforcing fiber in tires, belts, and hoses. New
insulating polyester fiberfill are used in high-performance outdoor wear. It's versatile
and has low raw material and production costs. Polyester is resistant to abrasion, has the
ability to spring back into shape, does not absorb water, and dries quickly.
Disadvantages include, melting when exposed to high heat and it absorbs oils and
grease making it difficult to clean. It does attract static electricity.
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
PPS can be used for home interior, automobile, filter bag cloth for a coal-fired
boiler, electrical insulation, and as filter material for liquid and gas.
20
PVC fibers have low success in the textile industry because of their low softening point.
They do not burn, and they resist many chemicals.
The fibers have a high chemical resistance. They are also resistant to
water.Vinyon does not burn; the fabric will melt at relatively low temperatures.
Rayon/Lyocell
In modern society, elasticity and tensile strength are key properties in any
material, adopting fibers or replacing everyday breakables or quickly extinguishable
materials with these can prove to be advantageous in this space constrained world.
14
Synthetic Fibers and Fabrics Information
,http://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/materials_chemicals_adhesives/composites_textiles_reinforcements/sy
nthetic_fibers_fabrics_polymer_textiles
, 24/10/12016
21
Alternative forms of energy and batteries for the built environment
The general renewable and most abundant energy are solar and wind energies.
But if you take a closer look of earth, we find hydrogen-the most abundant element in
the world and hydro-electricity from ocean currents as being massive suppliers of
energy not yet fully optimized.
What batteries do to a toy car, a super capacitor can do to a gate bridge, the first
example of a kinetic element in architecture.
Super capacitors are an emerging energy storage technology that will take a key
role in the future of energy systems.
22
Mechanisms that can alter/integrate new functions in applications to enhance
user-space interaction
Every appliance that is in use today has a relationship with its user through its
function. These are some of the multi-functional integration mechanisms that someday
can be part of a comfortable chair or the interiors of locomotive housing.
Named for the Greek word for “press”, piezo materials transform electrical
signals into mechanical force and vice versa.
Shape-memory alloys
A very good and established material that does just this are shape memory
alloys. It is an alloy that remembers its original shape and that when deformed returns
to its pre-deformed shape when heated. This material is lightweight, solid-state
alternative to conventional actuators such as hydraulic, pneumatic and motor-based
systems.
15
The Right Materials, www.iida.org/content.cfm/the-right-materials, 11/5/2016
23
Electro-active polymers
Tactile sensation is the sensation produced by the pressure receptors in the skin.
Tactile perception is the brains ability to understand what the hands are feeling. 17
Tactile and kinesthetic perceptions usually go hand in hand; therefore, they are
considered together as one, namely haptic.
16
Electro-active polymers, Wikipedia, 11/5/2016
17
tactilePerception,http://www.ot-mom-learning-activities.com/tactile-perception.html,24/10/2016
18
Haptic Perception,Wikipedia,24/10/2016
24
“The haptic sense is the sense of touch reconsidered to include the entire body
rather than merely the instruments of touch, such as the hands. To sense haptically is
to experience objects in the environment by actually touching them.Treated as a
perceptual system the haptic incorporates all those sensations(pressure, warmth, cold,
pain, and kinesthetics) which previously divided up the sense of touch and thus it
includes all those aspects of sensual detection which involve physical contact both
inside and outside the body. For example, if you accidentally swallow a marble you
may haptically sense it as it moves through your body, thus experiencing part of the
environment within your body. Similarly you may sense body motion haptically by
detecting the movement of your joints and muscles through your entire bodyscape.
( This property of haptic sense is called kinesthesia.) ”19
19
Body,memory,architecture,Kent C.Bloomer,Charles W.Moore, Yale University Press,24/10/2016
25
CHAPTER 2
Background
Within the mass growing population of the world, the need for individual
personalization is focused on the individuals of metropolitan and cosmopolitan cities
but with little or no results. Many studies have indicated that urban dwellers have more
than a 20 percent increased risk for anxiety disorders and an increased risk for mood
disorders of almost twice compared to rural citizens20.
“The cities of the world are only 2% of the earth’s crust, but have 50% of the worlds
population and consume 75% of energy and give out 80% of carbon emissions”
-Carlo Ratti, architect, Architecture that senses and responds, Ted Talks21
We can see how much of the energy is spent in a way that fails to protect the
‘human self’. The need to recognize and connect the human health with that of the
environment has come. It is not just the earth that is taking the debris of uncontrolled
living but we humans do not measure the same in a much smaller scale within ourselves.
The sense of communal being has disappeared from the society which aims for the
isolated working man who depends on social media for interaction. To facilitate and
handle the problems a individual faces as a being, we have to reckon our knowledge of
experience in space and design towards the betterment for our senses.
“Its important for interior designers to raise their perception of sensory data and not
just exclusively focus on the visual aesthetic. By recalling their own sensory experience
in their designs, interior designers can create more humane built environments”-Joy
Malnar, Associate Professor of architecture at the university of Illinois22
20
City dwellers are more prone to stress, www.anxiety.org, 8/10/2016
21
Architecture that senses and responds, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CijsvAGU6-c 7/10/2016
22
Come to your Senses - Catherine Warren Leone, http://www.iida.org/content.cfm/come-to-your-senses,
9/10/2016
26
“Buildings are not simple expressive sculptures, they make visible our personal and
collective aspirations as a society. Great architecture can give us hope, Great
architecture can heal”
Prominent neuroscientists across the globe have studied images of the brain in
action and placed emotion in the driver’s seat, asserting that thinking is emotion based,
intuitive and fast. And while emotions form the basis of thoughts, the five senses - sight,
sound, smell, taste and touch - fuel those emotions wielding the power to persuade,
relax and heal. It makes sense therefore, that interior designers are turning to sensory
design, an approach that focuses on addressing all the five senses in space23.
23
Come to your Senses-Catherine Warren Leone, http://www.iida.org/content.cfm/come-to-your-senses, 9/10/2016
27
LITERATURE REVIEW
Architecture in the present day form strives towards achieving function through
a set of prescribed technical goals set by standards and rules. The authors of this book
argue how these standards for buildings have altered our experience and joy in them.
They clearly cite examples back to the ancient and as early as the 17th century that
houses in some communities were built upon or built to enhance their part in their
residents memories and characteristics. The comparisons between what is greater 'the
rational thinking' or 'the feeling' is debated throughout the book with the latter winning
the argument. Clearly the book draws similarities of the human body and architecture, it
holds proof that humans have long built their dwellings to resemble their body
functions and feelings.
The book reinforces the idea that humans should trust their senses over their
ideological minds when it comes to beauty, but it shows well that this has not been
followed or accepted by many renowned schools of philosophy since the time of Plato.
It also on the other hand shows how great heads of sciences like Aristotle believed it to
be true ' that when it comes to art the mind cannot clearly judge its definition of beauty'.
The authors reason that architecture turned over a new leaf after the era of
industrialization basically to minimize costs and time. The new schools like the royal
academy of architecture were more concerned about teaching proven physical laws
than human enjoyment within the confines of walls.
28
differentiated body boundary but evidently experiences a world in which the body and
the environment tend to fuse’’24.
Rational explanation for placement of architectural forms can satisfy user needs
but an approach that considers human occupancy based on similarities drawn from both
humans and architecture is super imposed by the book through demonstrations between
human phenomenal regression and interaction with the space around. Several popular
examples of such are the fountain in a patio, the fireplace in the center of a North
American house related to the heart which humans identify as the ‘center’ and the
relation is how these places came up to be.
“If dancers feel a critical relationship to the space outside their bodies, they also
sense an essential relationship to the inside. In forms as divergent as classical ballet and
modern dance the practitioners speak of the constant need to find or feel one’s
‘center’…
But the location is not as important as the fact the center ‘the inside’ must be felt
before the dancer can confidently move in space the outside.
This is indeed reminiscent of our need to sense the scrutiny inside our dwelling
place in order to act with strength in the outside community.’’25
Among structures that convey inviting gestures ,the caryatids of the Acropolis
at Athens is cited as a example, famous not mainly because of their well sculpted
figures but the movement conveyed with one knee raised ready to step out in the mortal
world.
24
Seymour Wapner and Heinz Werner, eds. ,The Body Percept(New York: Random House,1965), p.88
25
Body,Memory,Architecture-Kent C.Bloom, Charles W.Moore
29
The building as a stimulus for movement is well written on how ziggurats and
pinnacles of buildings invite us to explore, while curtain walls are dull sheer prism
shafts that not even Superman can ‘leap with a single bound’, it even looks at the
diagonal axis in space as a very interesting element users use to interact with. As a
partner in dialogue, the authors prompt the structural elements of structures to invite its
users where to sit lean and nestle.
The sound of senses being superior over the mind is a bit debatable ? But the
case of houses and homes centered around our body and its functions is in fact
interesting and it fills gaps on how some extravagant structures came to be in the time
of the earliest humans. A home is not a house , contrasting though it may be , the
authors of this book know the real difference in them. They have pin pointed on what
makes children draw a house that quietly resembles a face of a human. And why the
columns and gates of a city or home , wherever they may be have the same kind of
purpose to their existence.
26
Body, Memory , Architecture- Kent C .Bloom, Charles W.Moore
30
and cost-effective world where user interface is much valued for successful
transactions, the role of haptic needs must be applied to the development of this user
interface between man and space for happy establishments.
It is set in six and a half acres of trees and natural surroundings. As per the will
of Jiddu Krishnamurti, no changes or erection of buildings or modification to the land
shall occur in the future to come unless every member of the foundation agrees to it.
The buildings and the environment within the compound act as a healing factor
for its inhabitants because of the undisturbed aura of energy from the natural perennial
surroundings.
The main idealogy behind the space is self exploration and learning.
- Man’s view has turned outward rather than inward, if he looks inside himself, he will
know the purpose of life.
-A principle of man is the inner ego ‘I’, it is bound towards destruction, unless this is
addressed, other problems will not dissolve.
31
Fundamentals towards reaching this goal
-Being aware of yourself rather than being aware of the world projected to your
physicality
-The dependency on the Intellect far too much are the cause of all problems.
Being acutely aware of ourselves and facing the unpleasant truth without any
excuses starting from the present is the solution for a content and peaceful life.
The purpose of the human self in life is striving towards long lasting mental and
physical harmony like a strong built house but the endeavor of science and the
justification of the intellect has built our societies leaving very little space for spiritual
development , the lack thereof causing internal wars that cannot be reconciled.
Science has done wonderful things but it does not have a proper handle on top
of it. If scientists and professionals of all jobs turn inward to realize their spiritual goals,
it may be a spark in their creativity and a well built society can be achieved.The core of
the society should be mans self aware conscious in the seat of the chariot and his overall
scientific and intellectual pursuits being the chariot itself.
A Spatial Pattern for identifying a void inside ‘the human’ or ‘the human’ in a void
What need to be addressed in space at that point of time is the victims- past,
present, future inner reflections.
32
Likewise if a person studies his inner himself/herself more acutely, it is possible
to avert it.
This is in similar voice with the fact of being acutely aware of the self.
To help overcome emotional distress in space by being self aware of the ‘Inner
self’, can space act as a reminiscent of the spiritual human ? And also a harbinger of
positive feeling ?
33
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
1. Ethnography
Since the start of the war in 2011, more number of people are falling victim to
both mental and physical assault. Since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011,
nearly nine million Syrians have been displaced. An estimate of three million Syrian
refugees have fled their homes. Continuous exposure to violent incidents, or their
threat, compromises any positive effects resulting from protective factors, such as
family and community support. Many refugees report experiencing a variety of
psychological symptoms in reaction to the stressors. Between three and 30 percent of
Syrian refugees experience clinical depression and between 50 and 57 percent
experience Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) . In comparison, the rate of PTSD
in the general American population is estimated to be between five and 12 percent27.
27
https://www.apa.org/international/pi/2015/09/noor-baker.pdf, 1/12/2016, Current Research on the Mental
Health of Syrian Refugees
34
B. The U.S Veteran Issue
Factors in combat situation can add more stress to an already stressful situation.
This may contribute to PTSD and other mental health problems. These factors include
what you do in the war, the politics around the war, where the war is fought, and the
type of enemy you face. 29
Recent research has shown neuroscience can play a pivotal role in the
aftermath of trauma. These treatments go hand in hand with already existing therapies.
What neuroscience proves in theory can be applied as NeuroLaw- an emerging field
of interdisciplinary study that explores the effects of discoveries in neuroscience on
legal rules and standards. This in turn can emerge as new rules and standards for
space designation for victims of trauma.
In the Indian Army stress and PTSD are terms that are seldom attended to. The
urge to never back off from any dangerous situation is an emblem of the Indian army.
This discipline can be a main factor in shaping the characteristics of soldiers in the
Indian military. Suicide among military personnel is viewed as not work related but
family related. But there have been incidents of unfriendly fire and clinical depression
in veterans.
28
https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/winter09/articles/winter09pg10-14.html, PTSD: A growing epidemic,
1/12/2016
29
http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/basics/how-common-is-ptsd.asp, How common is PTSD,
1/12/2016
35
The need to reckon soldiers change in perception after their tenure in the
battlefield is of high recommendation to the Indian government. And facilities have to
be established for this cause.
2. Phenomenology
3.Field Research
Case Study :Vasanta vihar, Krishnamurti Foundation- A first hand reference of a center
dedicated for enhancing the healing of the mind through self exploration and
theosophical ideas.
4.Grounded Theory
36
5. Participant Observation
6. Direct Observation
-Credibility
The research concerning the experience of the human in space is from two
reliable sources- books and online published journals. Independent of that, the scope of
and applications of material technology is asserted by leading professionals in the field
of Interior Design.
-Transferability
-Dependability
The classification of information can be relied upon because two different but
established topics ‘human behavior in space’ and ‘human mental trauma’ is researched
independently. But the correlation of the topics happen with my discussion and
answers.
-Confirmability
The space for experimentation and hypothetical theories are many related to the
human mind and perception altering spaces.
37
But established research approves the study of the mind within spatial configuration
and psychological behavioral therapies move towards development in ‘sense’ and ‘self’
satisfaction.
Problem : Ptsd
Medicine : Space
- Investigate Ptsd
Step 4 : Investigate the medicine’s effectiveness, its history, its usage in past.
Step 5 : Investigate the misuse of the medicine in the present and the past.
38
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
The constitution of the mind in spatial patterns can change for the betterment of
the user. The incorporation of present technological improvements to enhance the feel
of the user draws inspirations from phenomenal body-centered spaces from the past. In
the continuity of time, we should remember not to forget our past achievements as well
as our present potential. By combing the success of both, architects and designers can
devise new ways to satisfy clients with different psychological and physical needs.
39
REFERENCES
BOOKS
Body, Memory, Architecture - Kent C.Bloom, Charles W.Moore September 10, 1977
1
The Eyes Of The Skin, Architecture and the Senses, Juhani Pallasma
Seymour Wapner and Heinz Werner, eds. ,The Body Percept(New York: Random
House,1965), p.88
WEBSITES
Kinetic Architecture,Wikipedia
ResponsiveArchitecture,Wikipedia,
1
Responsive structures
Architecture ,http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/4910/responsive-structures-a
nd-architecture,
http://www.ibtimes.com/unfriendly-fire-indian-soldier-kills-5-colleagues-kashmir-the
n-himself-1558295
Fiber,wikipedia
40
Electro-active polymers, Wikipedia
tactilePerception, http://www.ot-mom-learning-activities.com/tactile-perception
1
Haptic Perception,Wikipedia,
1
Architecture that senses and responds,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CijsvAGU6-c
https://www.apa.org/international/pi/2015/09/noor-baker.pdf,
Online publications
1
Come to your Senses - Catherine Warren Leone,
http://www.iida.org/content.cfm/come-to-your-senses,
41