BAIT2123 INTERNET OF THINGS May 2018

Preliminary (Take Note)

1) Practical class will be conducted based on Two (2) students per group.

2) Each group will obtain a blue tool box with a specified box number, please remember the
number and it will be used until the end of the course.
* Strictly NOT ALLOW to exchange the box number and items inside without the
permission of tutor / lecturer.

3) Examine the box items with the provided list of items, every time before the practical
class.

Understanding the Diagram

1) Either one type of Multimeter will be provided

[LEFT] Digital Multimeter with manual range selection

[RIGHT]Digital Multimeter with auto ranging features

2) T-connectors for Raspberry Pi 40 pins connection will only required if necessary

(depends on student convenience when doing practical / assignment / project)
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Practical 1: Construct a circuit to control the low current (< 10mA) output devices

Objective
Understand how to use a resistor to limit the flow of current into a low current device such as
Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Procedure
Step 1: Learn to test open and short circuit using a multimeter

● OPEN CIRCUIT = DISCONNECTED

● SHORT CIRCUIT / CLOSED CIRCUIT = CONNECTED

(i)
the [LEFT]jacks
Rotate multimeter,
the selectorred fl (Ohm) group,
to electrode select withfl label
200 range. Plug the black
“VflmA”, electrodes into
(­) toinput
black jack of
with label of “COM”. [RIGHT](+) to red
Rotate jack
the selector to fl of
(Ohm) group. electrode

[LEFT] [RIGHT]

(ii) Short the red electrode to the black electrode, the multimeter reading is 001 . Open both
electrodes, the multimeter reading is 1 .

Question: What does the multimeter reading means when both electrodes are short and open?

There is current flow when the electrodes are short

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Step 2: Learn to measure voltage using a multimeter

(i) Press copper wire into the breadboard as shown below. Then turn on the Raspberry board.
(1) PIN4 (pin number 2 at right row) - 5 V (RED)
(2) PIN1 (pin number 1 at left row) - 3.3 V (RED)
(3) PIN9 (pin number 5 at left row) - GND (BLACK)

(2)
(1)

(3)

(ii) [LEFT] Rotate the multimeter selector to voltage (V) range and select 20 V. Plug the
electrodes into the
black electrode (­) toinput jacks
black jackof multimeter,
with red electrode
label of “COM”. (+) to red jack
(Note: multimeter with group
fl (Ohm) “VflmA”,
label ofCANNOT
used to measure voltage) [RIGHT] Rotate the multimeter selector to voltage (V) range.

[LEFT] [RIGHT]

(iii) Touch the multimeter electrodes to wires and fill up the table below. (Note: multimeter fl
(Ohm) group CANNOT used to measure voltage)

Red Electrode Black Electrode Voltage (V) Reading

1 3 5.44
3 1 -5.45
2 3 3.36
3 2 -3.36
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Question: Explain the result in table when red and black electrodes are reversed

When thye are reversed, the result comes out negative. When positive meet negative,
the result comes out negative.

Step 3: Understand the breadboard connection layout

(i) Plug copper wire numbers from 1 to 14 into the holes of breadboard.

(ii) [LEFT] red

multimeter, Rotate the selector
electrode to 200
(+) Rotate
to red fl range.
jackselector
with labelPlug“VflmA”,
the electrodes into the(-)input jacksjack
of
with label of “COM”. [RIGHT] the to flof(Ohm) black electrode
group. to black

[LEFT] [RIGHT]

(iii) Using the multimeter to test the wires are open or short according to the table given.
* Alternatively, you can search and use the sound icon on your multimeter.
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Short (Just tick “ ”) Open (Just tick “ ”)

Wire number Wire number ✓ ✓

1 2 
2 3 
3 4 
4 5 
5 6 
6 7 
7 8 
1 8 
2 7 
8 9 
9 10 
10 11 
11 12 
12 13 
13 14 

Question: What are the connectivity arrangement of the holes on the breadboard? (Draw a line
for connected holes)

Step 4: Learn how to measure the resistance of resistor

Pick one resistor with the color bands of brown-black-red. [LEFT] Rotate the multimeter
selector to 2 kfl (2000 fl). [RIGHT]

Rotate the selector to fl (Ohm) group. Then touch multimeter electrodes to the leads of
resistor., the multimeter reading is 554 .
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[LEFT] [RIGHT]

(i) Repeat the same process to the resistor with color bands of green-blue-brown, the
multimeter reading is 554 .

Question: What is the unit of resistances for both resistors?

Step 5: Construct a resistor circuit without Light Emitting Diode (LED)

(i) Make sure Raspberry board is turned off. Press 1 kfl resistor into the breadboard on lines 29
and 39. Pulling copper wires and press into the breadboard as shown below. Then turn on the
Raspberry board. *Pin2 / Pin 1 = 5V, Pin9 / Pin6 / Pin14... = GND
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(ii)
Rotate the multimeter selector to voltage (V) range and select 20 V, touch the multimeter
electrodes to wires 1 and 2, the multimeter reading is 0.01. (Note: multimeter fl
(Ohm) CANNOT used to measure voltage)

(iii) Multimeter selector remain at the same selected 20 V, touch the multimeter electrodes to
wires 2 and 3, the multimeter reading is 0.00. (Note: multimeter fl (Ohm) CANNOT used to
measure voltage)

(iv) Using Ohm’s Law (voltage = current x resistance) using the result in (iii), the calculated
current is 0 .

Question: Explain the measured voltage (using multimeter), calculated current (using Ohm’s
Law) with different resistances.

Step 6: Construct a resistor circuit with Light Emitting Diode (LED)

(i) Make sure Raspberry board is turned off. Pick one Light Emitting Diode (LED), press it into
the breadboard from Step 4 as shown below. If LED is not turn on, pull LED out, reverse the
LED and press it into breadboard again. Then turn on the Raspberry board.
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(ii) Rotate the multimeter selector to voltage (V) range and select 20 V, touch the multimeter
electrodes to wires 4 and 5, the multimeter reading is 0.42 . (Note: multimeter fl (Ohm)
group CANNOT used to measure voltage)

(iii) Multimeter selector remain at the same selected 20 V, touch the multimeter electrodes to
wires 5 and 6, the multimeter reading is 1.96 . (Note: multimeter fl (Ohm) group
CANNOT used to measure voltage)

(iv) Using Ohm’s Law (voltage = current x resistance)using the result in (iii), the calculated
current is 10.2041 .
(v) Pull out resistor and replace it with 10k fl resistor. Make sure the leads of resistor are on
lines 29 and 39 of breadboard.

(vi) Rotate the multimeter selector to voltage (V) range and select 20 V, touch the multimeter
electrodes to wires 4 and 5, the multimeter reading is 3.35. (Note: multimeter fl
(Ohm) group CANNOT used to measure voltage)

(vii) Multimeter selector remain at the same selected 20 V, touch the multimeter electrodes to
wires 5 and 6, the multimeter reading is 1.94. (Note: multimeter fl (Ohm)
group CANNOT used to measure voltage)

(viii) Using Ohm’s Law (voltage = current x resistance) using the result in (vii), the calculated
current is 10.3093.

(xi) Observe the LED brightness, the higher LED brightness is using resistor with value of
1k , the lower LED brightness is using resistor with value of 10k.
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Question: Draw the resistor with LED circuit using standard electronic symbols.

Explore more here:

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab/latest/circuit-constructio
n-kit-dc-virtual-lab_en.html