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2.000.00 MICROPILES
2.100.00 MICROPILES GENERAL
2.101.00 Scope
.01 This section specifies the general requirements for all micropiles. Other types
of piling are excluded. This section is to be read in conjunction with Section
4 Structural Concrete. Where the requirements of this section and Section 4
are in conflict, the requirements of this section shall prevail.
2.102.00 Authoritative Standards and Codes of Practice
.01 Reference is made herein to the authoritative documents which are listed in
the following paragraphs:
.02 British Standards Specifications as published by the British Standards
Institution, 2 Park Street, London W. 1 ., England. (abbreviated in the text to
BS).
BS Date Title
12 1996 Specification for Portland Cement
.03 Should the Contractor wish to substitute any other authoritative standard or
code of practice for any listed above he should submit details of any such
standard or code together with two complete copies to the Engineer for
approval with his Tender. Approval will only be given to the use of such
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standards where the Engineer considers the proposed standard or code of
practice will give a quality of finished work equal to or better than the
specified standard.
2.103.00 Micropiles generally
.01 All micropiling work shall comply with the relevant parts of BS 8004 and
local statutory requirements except where superseded or amended by this
Specification.
2.100.00 MICROPILES GENERAL
2.104.00 Definitions
.01 For the purposes of this Specification the terms used relating to micropiles
shall have the meaning assigned to them in BS 8004, with the following
addition:
"CutOff Level" Level of top of finished pile as incorporated into a pile cap
or ground beam and as specified on the Drawings.
2.105.00 Soil Conditions
.01 Information and reports on site investigations for the Works may be made
available to tenderers. However, no responsibility for their accuracy shall be
accepted by the Employer or for any opinions or conclusions given in the
reports and the Contractor shall not be entitled to any extension of time for
completion of the Works or to any additional payment in respect of any
inaccuracies or any discrepancies which are subsequently discovered.
.02 Before the start of work the Contractor may, on request, be given a copy of
the foregoing information and any further information which may have been
obtained. Such copies shall be at the Contractor's cost.
.03 The Contractor shall report immediately to the Engineer any circumstance
which indicates that in the Contractor's opinion the ground conditions differ
from those expected by him from his interpretation of the site investigation
reports.
2.106.00 Piling Method
.01 Before commencing piling operations the Contractor shall supply for the
Engineer's approval all relevant details of the method of piling, the plant and
material he Proposes to use.
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.02 The Contractor shall submit the proposed micropile details calculations
carried out and endorsed by a Professional Engineer.
2.107.00 Piling Programme
.01 The Contractor shall submit a programme for carrying out the piling work a
minimum of fourteen working days prior to the commencement of piling.
The programme shall include at least the following information: .
(a) The number of rigs to be used.
(b) The sequence of piling.
(c) The length of time required for completion of piling.
(d) The manpower allocation for the piling.
(e) Plant details plus average and maximum outputs.
2.100.00 MICROPILES GENERAL
(f) Limitation of piling due to local statutory restrictions.
(g) Method of damage prevention and monitoring of existing structures.
.02 The Contractor shall inform the Engineer each day of the programme of
piling for the following day and shall give adequate notice of his intention to
work outside normal hours, at weekends and on general holidays subject to
the constraints laid down in local statutory requirements.
2.108.00 Piling Records
.01 The Contractor shall keep a record of the installation of each pile and shall
submit three signed copies of these records to the Engineer not later than
noon of the next working day after the pile was installed.
.02 The installation record shall give the following information in an approved
form:
(a) Contract
(b) Pile reference number
(c) Pile type and size
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(d) Concrete mix details
(e) Date of concreting and method of curing
(f) Reinforcement details
(g) Date and time of commencement of installation of the micropile.
(h) Date and time of completion.
(i) Ground level at commencement of installation of pile
(j) Cut off level
(k) Toe level
(l) Actual and design pile head position on plan
(m) Length of finished pile
(n) All information regarding obstructions encountered, delays and other
interruptions to the sequence of work.
(o) Soil log / description of the micropile borings (borehole log).
2.100.00 MICROPILES GENERAL
.03 On completion of all piling a drawing shall be submitted to the Engineer
showing the final plan position of each pile referenced by serial number and
the levels of the bottom and top of each pile as installed.
.04 Installation records shall be submitted on A4 size sheets and the record
drawings shall be on Al size sheets unless otherwise approved by the
Engineer.
2.109.00 Visual Inspection
.01 When instructed, the Contractor shall excavate to expose the top 1.0 m of the
pile. The excavation shall extend a minimum of 750 mm from the face of the
pile all round and shall include shoring necessary to the faces of the
excavation. The Contractor shall keep the excavation free from water by
pumping or bailing. The Contractor shall wash the surfaces of piles to be
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inspected clean of all silt, mud or other adhering material. Excavated
materials shall be deposited in temporary spoil heaps on Site. After
inspection the Contractor shall fill and compact around the piles with selected
excavated materials suitable for the piling system adopted and, if necessary,
remove unsuitable filling materials from site and make up voids with suitable
imported fill.
.02 Piles which upon inspection are found to be honeycombed cracked will be
deemed to be defective.
2.110.00 Damage to Piles
.01 The Contractor shall ensure that damage does not occur to any completed
piles.
.02 The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, together with the piling method
and programme, his proposed sequence and timing of installation of piles
having regard to the avoidance of damage to adjacent piles.
2.111.00 Damage to Adjacent Structures
.01 If during the execution of the work damage is or could be caused to services
or adjacent structures, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer his
proposals for avoidance or repair of such damage.
.02 The Contractor shall exercise care at all times to avoid damage to services or
adjacent structures.
.03 The Contractor shall confirm the available information on existing buried
services or structures given in the Contract at positions to be agreed with the
Engineer before commencing the piling work.
2.112.00 Monitoring of Adjacent Ground and Ground Water
.01 The Contractor shall monitor all ground and ground water movements in the
vicinity of the piling works at the location and times as specified on the
Drawings.
2.100.00 MICROPILES GENERAL
.02 The results of such monitoring shall be submitted to the Engineer within 24
hours of taking the readings.
2.1 13.00 Nuisance
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.01 The Contractor shall so arrange his works programme as to cause the
minimum nuisance, noise, dust or any other disturbance or inconvenience to
neighbouring properties or to the occupants thereof or to traffic on
surrounding roads and other public roads leading therefrom.
.02 The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a detailed assessment of the
piling period which should indicate that the hours of piling operation are in
compliance with local statutory requirements.
.03 The Contractor shall provide throughout the whole period of the contract and
extended period, if any, suitable suppressors on all internal combustion
engines to avoid interference with radio equipment.
.04 The Contractor shall comply with and observe all Ordinances, bylaws,
regulations and rules being in force in governing the control of any form of
pollution including air, noise, water and waste pollution, and the protection of
the environment.
.05 The Contractor shall provide a sound level meter to BS 5969 Type 1 or
equivalent as approved by the Engineer for the exclusive use of the Engineers
Representative at all times during the Contract. The meter shall be
maintained by the Contractor in proper working order throughout the
Contract and shall be replaced if necessary when it is under repair. The meter
shall revert to the Contractor at the end of the Contract.
2.114.00 Trial Pile
.01 The Contractor shall install a trial pile, which will be a working pile
nominated by the Engineer.
.02 The pile shall be load tested in accordance with Specification section 3 Pile
Testing .
2.200.00 MICROPILES MATERIALS
.03 Installation of the working piles shall only commence on the successful
completion of the trial pile testing to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
2.201.00 Materials for Micropiles
.01 Materials for reinforced concrete shall generally comply with the
requirements of Section 4.200.00 of the Structural Concrete Specification.
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.02 Details of all manufactured materials to be used in the piling works shall be
submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to ordering.
2.200.00 MICROPILES MATERIALS
.03 Details of pile reinforcing and design shall be submitted to the Engineer prior
to piling.
.04 Testing of the grout shall be as per testing requirements for concrete in
Section 4.200.00.
2.300.00 MICROPILES WORKMANSHIP
2.301.00 Setting out and Tolerance of Pile Positions
.01 The Contractor shall set out the pile positions in accordance with the
Drawings and shall ensure that the piles are installed in these positions.
.02 The Contractor shall provide a datum level adjacent to each pile.
.03 A tolerance of 50 mm from its correct position, measured from the centre of
the trimmed pile head, will be permitted for concrete piles.
.04 The alignment of the pile shall not vary by more than 1 in 80 from the
vertical or from the specified rake.
.05 For piles of a square section, the tolerance will be calculated on the
equivalent circular section with the same sectional area as the square section
used.
.06 Should any pile fail to lie within the above tolerances the Contractor shall
take such remedial action as the Engineer shall agree including the
installation of additional pile or piles with spreader beams. Any extra cost so
incurred will be borne by the Contractor. Forcible correction of piles in error
will not be permitted.
2.302.00 Piling adjacent to Existing Buildings
.01 No pile shall be installed closer than these pile diameters from an existing
building or structure unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer.
.02 Where a pile is to be installed immediately adjacent to an existing building or
structure, an inspection pit shall be hand dug down to the level of the bottom
of the existing building's foundation and piling shall commence from this
level unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer.
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2.303.00 Services
.01 The Contractor shall check for and expose any known underground services
which occur adjacent to a pile position, prior to pile installation.
.02 No plant or equipment shall be attached to existing services or structures.
.03 Should any services be discovered in such positions that they would be
damaged by pile installation, work shall cease on the pile and the Engineer
shall be advised within 24 hours of work ceasing.
2.300.00 MICROPILES WORKMANSHIP
.04 Should any service be damaged during piling the Authority or company
concerned shall be informed immediately. Rectification of such damage shall
be at the Contractor's expense.
2.304.00 Safety
.01 Safety precautions throughout the piling operation shall comply with the
appropriate sections of BS 8004.
.02 These precautions shall include, where necessary the temporary covering of
the exposed ends of the driven piles with plywood securely fixed in position
or other methods approved by the Engineer.
2.305.00 Soil Samples and Testing
.01 When required by the Engineer the Contractor shall provide on site
equipment and labour for executing boreholes to obtain a disturbed and
undisturbed soil samples in accordance with BS 5930.
.02 The Contractor, when required by the Engineer, shall provide equipment and
labour to carry out insitu tests in the boreholes at the levels specified by the
Engineer.
.03 The Contractor shall provide suitable containers for samples of soil and
groundwater. Containers for cohesive soils shall be airtight.
.04 The Contractor shall arrange the testing of samples at an approved laboratory.
Testing shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1377.
2.306.00 Reinforcement Fixing
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.01 Reinforcement fixing shall comply with the requirements of Section 4.300.00
of the Structural Concrete Specification.
.02 Joints in longitudinal steel bars will be permitted unless otherwise specified
by the Engineer. Joints in reinforcement shall be such that the full strength of
the bar is effective across the joint and the joint shall be made so that there is
no relative displacement of the reinforcement during the concreting of the
pile.
.03 The reinforcement cage shall be securely fixed and temporarily braced as
necessary to avoid distortion while lifting. It shall be accurately placed to the
position shown in the Drawings and firmly held so that it cannot become
displaced during concreting. In particular, the lap length above cut off level
and the cover to the steel shall be maintained.
.04 Spacer wheels of an approved type shall be attached to the reinforcement
cage at no greater than 3 m centres along the length of the pile and with a
minimum of 3 No. around the perimeter to ensure that cover to the
reinforcement is maintained.
2.300.00 MICROPILES WORKMANSHIP
2.307.00 Concrete Mixes
.01 Concrete mixes for precast and prestressed concrete piling shall be design
mixes complying with Section 4.300.00 of the Structural Concrete
Specification.
.02 The cement content m any mix shall be not less than 300 kg/m3 nor more
than 530 kg/m3.
2.400.00 MICROPILES SUBMISSION
2.401.00 Submission
.01 The contractor shall submit the following information and tests prior to and
during the commencement of works:
a) Test certificates of reinforcing bars used.
b) Concrete mix design.
c) Calculations carried out and endorsed by a Professional Engineer.
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d) Test certificates of welders if welding is required.
e) Test certificates / reports of mechanical splices if mechanical splices
are used.
f) Details of proposed micropile.
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