Name : Yusinta Efia Rahma

Number : 06101001036

LISTENING II

EMILY ROBIND CHOOSING CAREER

Listen to Emily Robind an expert in careers talked about what is important for young people when they
are choosing careers. As you listen, check the thinks she says.

“hi this is Dayne great reporting for Century Radio. Everyone knows that choosing a career is a real main
field and that not everybody makes the right chosen’s. But to help the younger listeners, we have Dr.
Emily Robind, a top psychologist with give some advice.

Speaker : ”Dr. Robin, what advice would you give people choosing careers?”

Dr.robin: of course, the first thing is to keep your feet on the ground and not be a dreamer. I think
everybody in the world wants to be a singer, or an actor or athlete, but only very few people have a
talent to become one. So don’t waste time and energy and chasing in impossible dream because you’ll
only end up disappointed. However, just because you don’t have a talent to become an actor or athlete,
that doesn’t mean that, you don’t have a talent. Think of what you are really good at. If you not sure,
talk to someone who knows you well, like your parents or teacher, and ask them what they think your
talents are. Then, when you know what your talents are, try to look for job that involves using your
talent. I mean not many people enjoy their job 100%. But if it involves something you are interested in
and good at, then you have got a good chance of enjoying at least part of it. For instance, if you are very
good at writing why not think of journalism. If you like helping people, how about a job like a doctor or
nurse. Like speaking languages how about becoming a translator. When you decided what kind of job
you want to do, look at what qualification are necessary, then look at colleges that offer those
qualifications. Because if you are going to spend three or four years of life studying, you want to be
sure that you would get a job at the end of it. Also, think of whether you can get work experiences help
you , like doing volunteer work at the hospital on the weekend. Both colleges and employer will look
positively at you if you are assume show that you’ve already got some experiences. Finally, remember
three things:

First of all, if you don’t know ask for advice. Everybody has chosen a career at some point their life. So
they’ll, always be ready to help you choose yours.
Second, remember that you can always charge your mind. A career doesn’t have to be present. I mean , I
start it out as a normal doctor and now I’m psychologist. all you need is a small training.

And last, about not least. Remember that people will always be willing to consider hiring you if they
think ou’re intelligent, so work hard at school and get good grade.
 Cities Beneath The Sea

Until recently, people used to believe that stories of the lost city of Atlantis were pure fiction
legends that have been handed down from generation to generation. But recent discovery suggest
that they are maybe some element of truth in them after all.

The first mentioned of Atlantis, a city of great learning that was consumed by the sea in a great
flood comes in Plato. But nobody seem interested in exploring its existing further until 19th
century when various books on the subject caused renewed interest in the topic. The discoveries
of magnificent side such as Tune Kamestun and Machu Picchu in Peru showed us that some of
them missed of the past were actually true. So all people all over the world suddenly began
thinking that the ancient civilizations may not have been as simple as we used to believe.

Unfortunately, and despite great public interest, investigating the truth of the Atlantis miss was
always more difficult than finding a lost cities in the indies simply because it’s a lot harder to
look for city underwater than is to look for city in the mountains.

Another difficulty is that they are fewer people who can help you by telling local legend about
such cities.

Fortunately, some people are more stubborn and persistence than others.

The most successful of the team investigating the existing of Atlantis has been in the India-
Atlantis expedition which include Gram Hancock, a British Archeologist who has spent many
years trying to convince people that Atlantis could have existed. He says that there are so many
flood myth in ancient literature, the story of Noah and The Ark perhaps the most famous among
them that there must be some truth in the stories. Hancock and his team have discovered one of
two huge side of the coast in India. Based in their investigation on the myth of Mahabalipuram
that were first recorded by British traveler in 1798. Mahabalipuram is on the east coast of India.
Myth says that there was once city so beautiful there that the God became jealous and destroyed
it with a huge flood that made the city disappear in a single day.

Now, however, thanks to hard work and modern technology, the city may have been rescued
from mythology. Divers have not yet had enough time to explore the sightfully, but they say that
some of the destruction that they have been must be man made. And that some could even be
place of worship which suggest that the civilization that live there must have been developed
while Handcook and his team worked on the east coast, another city has been discovered on the
west coast of India in the Gulf of Cambay.

Although this time, it was discovered by accident by a group of ocean agrivers conducting a
survey of pollution. The city measures 2 miles by 5 miles and shows science that a culture
civilization may have lived there.
A suggestion that worry scientist and historians using a technique called Carve and Deiding.
Archeologists have discovered that the city maybe over 9000 years old. Which if true, means that
history must have been wrong for centuries because historian have always believed that civilize
suicide did not existing this area until around 2500 BC.

However, not everybody wants to believe that the finding are correct. One scientist told us that
Carve and Diving was very unreliable and this civilization cannot have existed so long ago. But
other scientist refuse to accept this idea and say that we should accept the fact that we were
wrong. If the scientist should believe the finding of the Carve and Diving are correct, then it is
actually quite a set finding to think that they advance civilizations whose learning was lost for
country beneath the waves losing their acknowledge may have slow main kind of progress by
centuries and there could be a knowledge that we will never discover again.

For example, they could have discovered cures for illness that people still suffer from today. Or
they may have had knowledge about the stars that could help modern day astronomers.

Unfortunately, we were probably never know although we were probably have to get used to
play those tales about holy events of civilization being destroyed by a flood, suddenly look like
they might be true after all.
 Summary of 1st December 2011

That's an excerpt from a music documentary based on a child's experience of long hospitalisation. For
very young children particularly, close relationships with others are crucial for their development. Freud
suggested that a child's emotional tie with its mother provides the foundation for later relationships.
And since then, few have doubted the importance of early attachment to another human being.

The importance of relationships really is in how the internal world of an infant is actually seen by the
care giver and that experience we can call contingency which basically means that if I'm an infant and I
send out a signal, and you're my care giver, that that signal that I send will be seen by you, you'll make
sense of it and then you'll respond to it in a timely and effective manner. Then in fact there's a reciprocal
nature of the give and take of signals that you make sense of it, you respond back to me and then I'll
respond to you in turn in a way that takes in your signals and then there's a dance of mutuality that's
created.

If that happens enough times then I will develop a sense of a coherent mind, a self that is full and solid
and that's what we call a secure form of attachment. And it seems to be absolutely essential for the
brain to develop in a healthy manner.

The basic relationship that a child has with those care givers helps them establish a way of regulating
their emotions which means they can feel a fullness of emotions inside of them and share them with
others. It means that they can have relationships where they can perceive the internal world of other
people, that is see the other person's mind, something we call empathy. They can also have an internal
sense of themselves that's quite coherent, that is they can make sense of the internal world and their
experiences that they have in the world. And also there are ways that these kinds of experience allow
them to be flexible so with that kind of solid base kids have this flexibility that gives them a form of
resilience.

In our brains we have a hundred billion neurons, the genes are very important when the baby's in utero
as a fetus for driving the connection among neurons and these connections in the brain are important
because they shape the mind, our thoughts, our feelings, our ways of understanding the world. And so
what we know is that these connections at birth are quite immature and then experiences begin to
promote the activation of neurons, that is neurons fire together and as they fire together they're
thought to wire together. That's the secret.

Child's brain will develop a coherence in its structural organization in which the communication of
internal states to another person will be met with a contingent response that then allows the baby's
needs to be satisfied. And the overall way that brain gets organized will be extremely what's called
integrated.

Basically, the child’s learns that what their experienced internally and expressed externally with
a cry was met by a response that didn't make any sense to what they needed. And so the
organisation of that child's brain will be quite different as neurons which fire together wired
together.

when we see children like this grown to adolescence and then adults they've adapted in a way
where they are very disconnected from an awareness of the internal world of themselves or
others. In some ways they just don't see the mind of other people.

The ability to form relationships is quite challenged in that institutional setting. The good news
however is that a deprived child can benefit greatly if taken into foster care.

In conclusion what we're finding is that foster care is an effective intervention in some ways but
we think it's time-dependent, that is the effects on brain development may take quite some time
to accrue. That's our finding, why kids who spend more time in foster care wind up looking more
like never institutionalised kids than kids who spend less time in foster care.

It's true to say the earlier the better, and if there were any relationships present that probably
means there would be more resilience in the child.

The findings show that at age of entry (at 1 until 3 years old), institutionalised children are doing
very poorly compared to community controls. Their mean IQ score is close to the retarded range
compared to the community controlled children and compared to standardised norms. The good
news is however that once the children were taken out of the institution and placed into foster
care, there is a very positive trajectory with the foster care children, showing increases in their IQ
at both the 42 and 54 month assessment.

In childhood girls are more likely to have emotional disorders and boys are more likely to have
behavioural disorders. And in fact what we find is that girls are much more responsive to
placement in foster care and have their symptoms ameliorated more than boys

Adults can use their minds to actually examine their lives and examine their own memory
systems to make sense of their lives and then alter the way their brains function, so they can
actually free themselves up from what used to be a prison of the past. And that's clearly shown
by research.

If we look in an orphanage and we see these kids are short, the environment is very bad, if we
put a program into an orphanage and the kids start growing, we have a pretty good idea that their
cognitive abilities are improving as well. And if I look at a patient in my clinic and that child is
short, then I look at that child as being at risk.

Parents have adopted kids who have been in orphanages for four or five years and those kids
have done well and they have taken a lot more work than, let's say, taking a newborn home, or
taking a child that's been in the orphanage for just a year. parents have a right to be informed
about brain development, to understand in an informed way about what they're getting into, so
that they're not blind to it. If they choose to adopt the five-year-old child, that's wonderful, they
should choose with all the knowledge available to them and not just blindly.

The simple one is never institutionalise a child, the only environment that really promotes
normal development is a family-like environment and there has never been an institutional
environment, even in the west, that has been able to promote normal development. That's easier
said than done because obviously the governments that rely on orphanages don't have the money
to improve things. But there are interventions that can make it a more family-like environment
and I think all strategies need to be utilised in order to get children, if they can't be put into foster
care—that it's limited in terms of the amount of institutionalisation and the institutionalisation
must be as family-like as possible.