2013 Fourth International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation

Monitoring System of Intelligent Micro-grid of Renewable Energy in Energy-

deficient Rural Area ---- Take Qira Power System as Example

Zulati Litufu
Statistics and Information Institute
Xinjiang University of Finance and Economy
Xinjiang, Urumqi, China

Hu Jun-Qiu
Energy Research Institute of Development and Reform Commission
Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
zulati@163.com

Abstract—1Along with the accelerated pace of urbanization, the
city scale of Qira Country has been expanding, which makes
rapid growth of regional electricity load and existing network
can not meet the growing demand of electricity for economic
and social development. To meet the problems existed in Qira
network, developing renewable energy and building an strong
network with intelligent function to ensure overall capacity of
electricity supply in future. This research respectively presents
the village and township micro-grid considering information
collecting, interconnect structure. Operational method under
five typical situation of energy supply is managed to meet
intelligent control. The micro-grid system may automatically
control the system performance to make fully use of renewable
energy, which shows very good function in saving labor force
and improving the electric quality in rural area.
Keywords- renewable energy; intelligent micro-grid; structure;
working principle, application.
I. INTRODUCTION
Considering the planning of electric power system Qira
Country, the intelligent controlling system is required. And
intelligent controlling system in renewable energy should
match for the development of local power system. This
paper shows the interconnection of intelligent controlling
system in village and township. The township and village
structures of power system denote actual condition existing
in Qira area. To match for characters of renewable energy,
relative steady condition of hydro and geothermal energy is
fully applied, here, two types of energy build controllable
node in connected power system. Therefore, the controlling
method considers five typical condition that occurs only
from wind and solar energy, and the control method for such
five conditions provides the performance procedure of each
beaker and switch in according to load demand. As the
important section, the signal processing procedure that
forms by hardware, such as SCM, driving circuit, display
circuit, makes the renewable energy automatically and fully
used. Finally, the operation condition relates to the different
load shows the systemic process from system performance
to obtaining signal of each breaker and switch, and by
converting state signal into operating signal to realize the
intelligent control of entire local and hybrid power system.
Electrical power system is the most important part in
power network, intelligent control unit of power system
should meet the operational requirements in reliability,
flexibility and economy refers to power plants, substations,
power system, designed. And intelligent controlling system
should show the following functions.
 In the period of maintaining system breaker and switch,
intelligent control system should not affect the power
supply for system load automatically. Iintelligent
control system should be able to adapt to the variation
of the system operational status and flexibly converting
the operation mode automatically.
 Iintelligent control system should be able to make fully
utilization of renewable energy by estimating the degree
of energy contribution.
II. INTERCONNECTION OF INTELLIGENT MICRO-GRID
A. Interconnection of Township Intelligent Micro-Grid
Figure 1 shows the structure of township micro-grid.

1 Financial support of this research is from the National Natural

Science Foundation of China with Grand Number: 70963012 and
International Cooperation Project of National Natural Science
Foundation of China with Grand Number: 71010107021.

978-0-7695-5016-9/13 $26.00 © 2013 IEEE 805

DOI 10.1109/ICDMA.2013.192
 Noor Noor
Ulukesa Noor H.P.S Bostan G.P.S S.P.S ĂĂ Wind power 150kW

Local system
W.P.PT 0.7/10kV1MW
Wind linear
35 kV I 35 kV II 35 kV III 35kVIV L.P.switch W.P.CT
10 kVPT1 W.P.switch
Switch Switch Switch 10kV bus I

Bus Bus Bus 10 kV B.B

10kV bus II
breaker breaker breaker
10kV
10kV 10kV
10 kV switch 1 10kVPT 2 switch 2
110 kV
Noor substation
Solar
power 50kW
10/0.4kV
Powe load Qira Powe load 3MW S.P.CT

Figure 1. Interconnection of intelligent micro-grid of township

Note: H.P.S. denotes Hydro power station, G.P.S denotes Geothermal power
station and S.P.S is Solar power station.
In this figure, the original structure of substation in Noor
township forms the main connection of micro-grid. Here,
the example of Noor township is considered, actually this
example may take other township, such as Qira township,
Bostan township, since the basic condition of all townships
are almost same, but Noor township keeps all four kinds of
renewable energy, which shows much representative case
for this study. It is known from Figure 1, the voltage degree
of this local power system includes 35kV and 10kV, wind
and solar has not been shown since the introducing plan is
under making. Anyway, it is possible to connect renewable
energy to this system but it is recommended to consume the
power from renewable energy in short distance to avoid
power loss on transmission line. In application, renewable
energy from the site near township substation is easy to be
connected to substation system, hence, this research only
shows the substation without renewable energy, connected
case will be given in village interconnection, which match
for normal situation of Qira Country.
Figure 2 indicates the interconnection of intelligent
micro-grid for village terminal power substation. This figure
presents entire necessary devices with CT and PT, breaker
and switch and other affiliated equipments. Considering a
large number of villages, here, the typical interconnection is
provided, which includes wind and solar energy, as paper
mentioned above, the power from hydro and geothermal are
controllable, local power system admixes this power to form
local power as shown in the figure in available season.
S.P.S
0.4kV S.1 0.4kV S.2
0.4kV B 0.4kV
0.4kV bus I bus II
CT1 ... CTn CT 1 CTn
Agricultural load Local plant and hospital load
Figure 2. Interconnection of intelligent micro-grid of village
Note: W.P denotes wind power, L.P denotes local power, B.B is bus breaker
and S.P.S is solar power switch.
The capacity of wind power should meet 3600 residents
that is largest village population in Qira area, annual amount
of power consumption is averagely 255.25kWh based on
local power investigation, this means the power consumption
of 3600 residents is hourly 105kW, considering valid index
0.7, then 150kW is taken as limit wind capacity. Solar power
is expensive for establishment, three steps are considered
until 150kW. In first step, 50kW is taken as the limit of solar
energy. This figure shows 10kV and 0.4kV voltage degree,
this is typical voltage system that widely used in rural area.
B. Cases in Different Contribution of Renewable Energy
The cases that may be happened in high possibility are
given in Figure 3. As mentioned above, geothermal and
hydro power are admixed in power of local power system in
according to season, it is known that local hydropower has
obvious season character as shown in Table 1.
TABLE I.HYDRO ENERGY OF RIVES IN DIFFERENT MONTH IN QIRA
COUNTRY
hydro energy in different month through the year [month]

1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12

very slightly very very relative

weak
weak strong strong strong strong

As shown in Table I, the most strong hydro energy of

rives in this region centralizes from 5 to 8 month and the
flowed amount of water in this four months is 70% of yearly

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amount of water. Anyway, the geothermal energy can be Structure of intelligent micro-grid system
applied regardless season variation, the underground energy

power source including renewable energy

is relative steady and can be used as controllable energy node.
Based on the cases occurred in operation, the main five cases

Micro-grid
that may represent all operation conditions are selected for
control procedure, the signal may select for such five cases. CT P.B.

Hydro and geothermal C.S.

collecting information of system

Micro-grid
switch , line and load conditions information as
connected

Micro-grid
Display system Calculating output power from
each resources and power demand
data of each load L.S.
C.S.

Fully using wind Case1 : weak solar energy

energy for load but good wind energy Village or
PT township load
Fully using solar Case 2 : weak wind energy
energy for load but good solar energy

Fully using wind and Case 3 : With good solar

solar energy for load and wind energy
T.B
Line of control signal
Using local system , Case 4 : weak solar and CT
H. P and G.P for load wind energy

Line of control signal

Breaking agriculture
load and supply urban
power substation
Village electric
Case 5 : weak solarˈ
wind and system power Signal generating device
of control and protection

Figure 3. The cases happened under different energy contribution

Note: H.P. denotes Hydro Power and G.P. denotes geothermal power
Power line
III. SIGNAL SYSYTEM IN INTELLIGENT MICRO -GRID T.B Signal line

A . Signal Collecting and System Connecting Structure

In intelligent controlling system, the controlling
process depends on the action and state of each breaker and
switch. Since simple structure of township and village
substation, the controlling system almost same. Figure 4
shows the signal obtain line from each device of power
system, here, main devices occurring signal are breakers and
switches, and also PT and CT.
Figure 4. Distribution of signal system in power system
Note: T.B is transformer breaker, C.S is connect switch, L.S
is load switch and P.B is breaker of power sources.
Breaker and switch in system accept the action signal to
cut on and close the power lines, usually action device has
not measurement function, this job is performed by CT and
PT that show the voltage and current by the principle of
electromagnetic induction. In application, CT and PT are
fixed on line of renewable energy to measure the degree of
contribution from solar or wind energy, in case of increased,
CT and PT shows strong current and voltage and the switch
and breaker will be closed to make fully using. In case of
weak energy in addition to necessary control, the devices
will keep closing state to accept possible increased energy.
By this way, intelligent process is realized.
B. Hardware Controlling Process
Figure 5 shows the hardware controlling process of the
intelligent micro-grid. The equivalent bus and line denote
the linked nodes and lines as shown in Figure 4. In bottom
of figure, equivalent transmission line indicates connected
line that send signal to switches and breakers, and make

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these devices actuated. In this research, the signal from each of solar energy, the load line is connected by 10kV bus and
breaker and switch is sent to the Interface Circuit that send line switches, the performance of other case is almost same
signal to Driving Circuit. Breakers and switches in power in their action, the explanation for other case is omitted here.
system perform the order from driving circuit, hence, the Anyway, it is necessary to make simple explanation on case
fully intelligent control is realized by hardware that exists in five, the renewable energy is weak in this case, and occurs in
block namely signal generating device of control and protect the season of poor hydro energy, and also, the supply ability
as shown in Figure 4. of local system power is limited, this paper recommends the
method to cut agricultural load and keep part of urban load.
The most important role of this process is to make full Therefore, all breakers and switches are closed to meet
using of renewable energy, hence, the intelligent system possible increasing of renewable energy and local system
should be able to estimate the contribution of renewable power. Based on the local investigation, case five occurs
energy and reduce or increase the local power to meet load rarely only when local power system is seriously affected by
demand. Here, PT and CT provide the current and voltage lacking of fuel, maintaining action and earthquake and so on.
signal of local system and renewable energy resources as So for, the performance process is ready for operation.
shown in Figure 2, by this way, power from local system is
intelligently controlled based on contribution of new energy.
Equivalent bus and line
݊ᅗ
The other switch
V ᗕ State of S.Switch
All CT in the All PT in the 0 .4
K↡㒓ᓔ݇⢊ S. of 0.4kVB.S
system system
including including S. of 0.4kV .S
/.
renewable renewable S.of 0.4/10kV S
10KV
energy power energy power
ǃ

S. of 10kV S.
亢⬉ᓔ݇⢊ᗕ
S. of W.Switch
Current Voltage S. of L.P Switch
information information

A/D Conversion circuit Interface circuit

S C M controlling system for processing information

Indicating circuit Driving circuit for ON/ OFF

State of S.Switch
The other switch

S. of L.P Switch
S.of 0.4/10kV S

S. of W.Switch
S. of 0.4kVB.S

Display voltage and

S. of 0.4kV .S

10KV
S. of 10kV S.
.

亢⬉ᓔ݇⢊ᗕ

current data on each

/.

sources and line switch

Equivalent transmission
line for the actuating signal

Figure 5. Hardwares and controlling process of inteligent micro-grid

Note: SCM is signal chip model, S respectively denotes switch, solar and
state, B.S is bus switch and W is wind, L.P is local power.
Figure 6. Performance process of each switches and breakers in sysytem
IV. PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY OF POWER SYSTEM
A. Performance Procedure of Power System B. Stability of Main Equipments in Power System
The actuating signals are produced from the system Stability of each switch and breaker and line is
shown in Figure 5, the next step is to provide these signal for important index to ensure safety operation of power system
target devices. Considering five cases that regularly occurs in and select available switches and breakers and lines.
rural power system, the performance and data of each device Selected devices should meet the thermal and dynamic
is managed based on the mentioned five cases. In the first stability in connected site. This paper provided the short-
case, wind energy is rich, the controlling system makes fully circuit current based on the formed structure shown in
using of wind energy and close solar energy to meet increase Figure 1 and 2, the calculation result is shown in Table 2.

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TABLE II. SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT OF TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE SYSTEM

short-circiut current of township power syst em

bus name 35kVI 35kVII 35kVIII 35kVIV

short-circiut
1.875 1.887 1.906 1.876
[kA]

short -circiut current of village power system

bus name 10kVI 10kVII 0.4kVI 0.4kVII

short-circiut
2.60 2.56 3.10 3.10
[kA]

The short-circuit current may be the basic reference to

determine type of devices, here, the thermal stability relates
to 10s and dynamic stability relates to sharp current that is
2.8 times of short-circuit current within1s. it is necessary to
explain that the entire power system in Qira Country is
widely distributed matching for the scattered distribution of
townships and villages, this situation makes relative bigger
electric resistance on the line that limits the short current in
certain degree, therefore, the power system may be regarded
as the independent unit in operation, the manual influence of
short current is ignored.
V. CONCLUSION
The entire process of intelligent micro-grid is managed
on this research, the performance and signal producing
system are based on actual investigation and load demand,
this way make this research applicable in the Qira Country.
Although this research only deals with Noor Township, it is
easy to be applied to other places of Qira and also the other
areas in the southern of Xinjiang. The intelligent micro-grid
may provide multi-function for power system in control and
operation, it can be used for single renewable power system
and also for hybrid power system, this paper shows the
hybrid condition, and it is expected to introduce intelligent
control method to energy-deficient rural area.
REFERENCES
[1] Institute of Power System Design of China, Design Manual of
Electric Power System, First ed.Electric power Publisher, Beijing,
1998, pp.200-500.
[2] Zulati Litifu and members of research program “Simulation of Hybrid
power sysytem in Qira Country,” the Research Report on Qira Local
Power System, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 2011, pp. 25 – 94.
[3] Qira Country Government, “Planning of Qira Power System in 12th
Five-Year Plan,” Power Company Report of Qira Government, Qira,
Hotan Prefecture, 2010.

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