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According to Mounting
Floor Mounted
Wall Hung
Soil Fixtures
Wash Down
- Flushes through a simple
wash down action
- Discharges waste into a
trapway located at the front
of the bowl
- Has a bulge on the front
Reverse Trap
Siphon Jet
- Has a larger trapway
making it less likely to clog
- Quieter flushing action
- Retains a large amount of
standing water
Soil Fixtures
Siphon Vortex
- Less noisy and very
efficient
- Flushing action is started
by a whirlpool motion
followed by a complete
flush down
- Retains a large amount of
standing water
Setting:
Urinal center to side wall: minimum of 0.30 m
Urinal center to urinal center: minimum of 0.60 m
Flushing:
Flushing urinals shall be done through automatic flushing tanks.
(NPC 408.1)
Flushometer valves shall be self-closing type discharging a
predetermined quantity of water. No manually controlled
flushometer valve shall be used to flush group urinals. (NPC
408.2)
Soil Fixtures
Minimum Requirements for Urinals
Materials:
Cement or Cement with Tiles
Porcelain
SLOP SINKS
BAR SINKS
Scullery Fixtures
LAVATORIES
Types:
Pedestal Wall Hung
Pullman or Counter Through
Bathing Fixtures
BATHTUBS
WHIRLPOOL
BATHS
Brand Name of
luxury type bathtubs JACUZZIS
Bathing Fixtures
BIDETS
Setting:
Bidet center to side wall: minimum of 0.375 m
Bidet center to bidet center: minimum of 0.75 m
Bathing Fixtures
FLOOR DRAINS
SHOWER RECEPTORS
Receptor floor shall drain not less than 2% or more than 4% slope.
Thresholds shall accommodate a minimum 559 mm wide door.
For wheelchair use, dam or curb may be eliminated.
Bathing Fixtures
SHOWER BATHS/
COMPARTMENTS
Drains for gang shower rooms shall be spaced not more than
4.9 m apart.
PLUMBING MATERIALS &
FITTINGS
PLUMBING PIPES
APPROVED MATERIALS – marked for identification
NOTE: Pipe and fittings for Potable Water – lead content of not more than 8%
Solder (join pipe/fittings) – may not contain 0.2% lead
WATER SERVICE MATERIALS
• ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
– for pressure-rated potable water use
– inexpensive
– resists chemical attack
• Asbestos Cement Pipe
– water mains
• Brass Pipe
– metallic, threaded pipe (used for both Water Service and
Water Distribution)
• Cast Iron Pipe
– not used for individual water supplies
– “ductile pipe” for water mains
Cast Iron
Most popular and generally specified material for drainage
installation. Extensively used in the 60s and 70s.
Durable, conveniently installed (<25 storey)
Commercial length: 600 cm
Diameters: 50-150mm SPIGOT
HUB
Affected to some extent by corrosion by acid formed by Carbon
Dioxide, Sulphur Oxide, and Methane Gases that create rust
2 Types:
SV type - generally used; for building installations
2. Type L middle
3. Type M thinnest/lightest
Joining of Copper Tubing
Copper pipe may be joined in three ways:
1. Soldering
2. Flaring
3. Compression
WATER SERVICE MATERIALS
• cPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
– white or cream colored plastic pipe for water
distribution
– buff colored thermoplastic
– light, easy to handle, resists cracks
– good for freezing conditions
– suitable for piping hot water
– Rating of 180 degrees Fahrenheit and 100 psi
WATER SERVICE MATERIALS
• Galvanized Steel Pipe
– with threaded fittings for water distribution
– problem: rust
• PB (Polybutylene)
– rolled coils or straight lengths
– flexible, allowing for easy installation
– connections made with compression fittings
– Blue color – water service use
– Gray color – water service or water distribution
WATER SERVICE MATERIALS
• PE (Polyethylene)
– black or bluish for water services
• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
– drain or vent pipe
– white
– CWL (Cold Water Line) only
– has lower thermal expansion that makes long runs
easier to control
– Joined with a two-step primer/solvent and suitable
fittings
WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
• Minimum working pressure of 100 psi/temp. 180 °F
• Pressure-reducing valve at the water service to reduce
the pressure to no more than 80 psi
• ABS
– black or gray color
– Schedule 40 (used above or below ground or joined by
solvent-weld cement)
– extremely durable or can take hard abuse without
breaking or cracking
• ALUMINUM TUBING
– above-ground use only
– joined by mechanical joints
– coated to prevent corrosive action
DRAIN, WASTE & VENT PIPE
• BOROSILICATE GLASS
– used above or below ground or underground
– heavy-schedule of pipe
• BRASS PIPE
– rarely used
• CAST IRON PIPE (CIP)
– hub and spigot style (joined by oakum/molten lead)
– hubless (jointed with mechanical joints – rubber coupling)
– referred to as SOIL PIPE
– service weight pipe
– extra heavy pipe
DRAIN, WASTE & VENT PIPE
• COPPER PIPE
– thin-walled with yellow marking
– time-consuming to install
– used above or below ground
• GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE
– not to be installed closer than 6” to the earth
• LEAD PIPE
– limited to above-grade installations
• POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
– white with rating of Schedule 40
– become brittle in cold weather
DRAIN, WASTE & VENT PIPE
Used for Building Sewer:
• ABS
• Cast Iron
• Vitrified Clay
• PVC
• Concrete
• Asbestos Cement
STORM-DRAINAGE MATERIALS
• Interior or Underground (for storm sewer)
• PIPE COUPLING
– materials: Wrought iron, Cast metal, Brass
– Extension Piece – male threaded at one end
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
• RETURN BENDS
– Back
– Side
• TEES
– branch of 90 degrees or right angles
• PLUG
– closing end of a pipe or fitting having female thread
– square head
– four-sided counter-sunk head – (small size)
– hexagon-head – (larger sizes)
– 1/8” – 12”
– Ground-joint union
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
• BUSHINGS
– connect the male end of a pipe to a fitting of a larger
size
– reducing or enlarging fitting
• ELBOWS
– to change the direction of a pipe
– 45°/90° – gas, water, steam
– 22 ½°/60° – special angles
– CI drainage fitting elbows: 5 5/8” 22 ½° 60°
11 ¼° 45° 90°
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
• CAPS
– closing the end of a pipe or fitting male threaded
– plain and flat band
– beaded caps
• FLANGE
– for closing flanged fittings/flange pipe lines
• WYE
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
90 degree 45 degree
Slip Elbow Slip Elbow
PVC
Brass
Threaded
Connector
Tee
COMMON JOINT MATERIALS
End feed fittings, are fittings where the solder is manually fed in from the end of the
fitting during soldering.
All pipes used must be cleaned and have flux applied to each joint before heating with a
blow torch and the application of solder
Yorkshire fittings (Yorkshire is a trade name) already contain a ring solder inside
them
All pipes used must be cleaned and have flux applied to each joint before
heating evenly with a blow torch until the solder is seen to melt
Compression fittings use a nut and olive (copper, brass or rubber compression
ring) to make a water tight seal between the fitting and the pipe. All pipes used
must be clean and free from burrs before assembly. A suitable sealing paste
should also be applied before the joints are tightened using a wrench or spanner.
Do not over tighten as this can lead to problems should the fitting need to be
removed
15 millimetre Compression Tee 15 millimetre Compression
Service Valve
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
Speed Fit, HEP2O, Copper/Brass Push Fit
There are many different types of push fit joints are now being marketed, they're
available in plastic, brass & copper. There's not much difference between them,
they all incorporate some form of grip ring which creates a seal between the
pipe and the fitting and prevents the pipe from pulling out. All pipes used must
be clean and free from burrs before assembly. Insert the cleaned pipe into the
fitting and push into place by hand.
Hep20 Straight Coupler Speed Fit Straight Coupler
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
Male Brass (MI) Fittings
Male Brass (MI) fittings have an external thread and are made as the name
suggests from brass.
These fittings are tightened using a wrench or spanner. Always use a suitable
sealing compound when assembling joints using these fittings. Do not over
tighten.
Female Brass (FI) fittings have an internal thread and are made as the name
suggests from brass.
These fittings are tightened using a wrench or spanner. Always use a suitable
sealing compound when assembling joints using these fittings. Do not over
tighten.
1/2" FI BSP x 15mm Integral 1/2" FI BSP x 15mm 1/2" FI BSP x 15mm Wall
Solder Ring Coupler Compression Elbow Plate Elbow
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
Fitting Sizes
Fittings are supplied in a variety of sizes ranging from 6mm through to what
ever size you require, although larger size fittings may have to be specially
ordered.
Generally the average plumber working in domestic properties will come into
contact with fittings ranging from 6mm to 28mm.
As a plumber you will continue to come into contact with fittings still measured
in old imperial (inches). Some merchants catalogues will have fittings still
measured in inches especially internally or externally threaded fittings as these
are to BSP (British Standard Pipe).
Ordering couplers is straight forward as they are the same size at both ends (eg
15mm coupler)
Ordering tees is slightly more complicated. State the largest size first then the
opposite side and then the centre size (eg 22mm x 15mm x 22mm or 22mm x
22mm x15mm see examples below)
These fittings are also known as swivel fittings and they come in either straights
or elbows.
These are used when you need to reduce the pipe size e.g. 22mm cold feed to a
bath tap would then be reduced to 15mm to supply a basin tap, not only is this
more pleasing to the eye it is also more economical.
Integral Solder Ring Push Fit Plastic Reducer 15 mm x 22mm End Feed
Copper Reducer Reducer
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
Other Fittings - Stop Ends
These fittings are used for capping off water supplies either temporally or when
permanently decommissioning.
22mm Integral Solder 22mm Compression Stop 15mm Speed Fit Stop End
Ring Stop End End
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
Other Fittings - Drain Off
The drain off is a valve located at the lowest point of any system and has a
serrated hose connection out-let.
Drain Off (Male Iron) Drain Off (end feed) Drain Off (Hep20 or Speed
Fit)
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS
Other Fittings - Couplers
Couplers are used to connect pipes together to form longer pipe runs.
– Hand tools
– Power tools
87
Hand Tools
• Manually operated.
• Not as expensive as power tools.
• Equally important in completing a task or
project.
• Most employers expect a plumber to have
basic hand tools when being considered for
employment.
88
New Residential
Plumbers Tool List
Quantity Tool Quantity Tool
1 Retractable tape measure 1 12” claw hammer
1 Medium Phillips screwdriver 1 Cat’s paw nail remover
1 Medium slotted screwdriver 1 Allen wrench kit
1 Multi-type screwdriver 1 Wood chisel kit
2 10” angled jaw pliers 2 12” concrete chisel
1 6” combination pliers 1 5/16” nut driver
1 7” locking pliers 1 1/8” to 1-1/8” copper tubing cutters
1 8” or 10” adjustable wrench 1 Copper midget tubing cutters
1 18” pipe wrench 1 Copper tubing cutter up to 2” pipe size
1 24” pipe wrench 1 Copper flaring tool
1 Smooth jaw pipe wrench 1 Copper tubing bending tool
1 Basin wrench 1 Plastic pipe saw
1 Hacksaw
89
New Residential
Plumbers Tool List
(Varies Based on Employer)
90
The Plumbers Tool Belt
Includes wrenches
and other tools used to:
• Measure
• Align
• Mark
• Cut
• Ream and Thread
Marking Tools
Pencils, chalk lines, compasses, and dividers.
Pencil
Compass
Levels
• A level is one of the most important tools in a
plumber’s toolbox.
• A level has tubes partially filled with colored liquid
leaving a trapped air bubble.
• Some levels have a dimensional feature that can be
used for measuring distances.
93
Tape Measures
• There are numerous
maker and models of
tape measures.
• They vary in blade width
and length.
• The retractable type
with a pocket clip is the
most common.
94
Squares
• The framing square is a tool for laying out
angles.
• It has two edges that form a 90 angle.
95
Screwdrivers
• Screwdrivers are available in many lengths and shank
diameters.
• Phillips and slotted head types are two used by
plumbers.
96
Pliers
• Pliers are available in various
styles.
• The most common type has
angled and grooved jaws.
• Most pliers used in the
plumbing trade have cushion
grip handles.
97
Adjustable Wrenches
• Adjustable wrenches are available in various sizes.
• Some have a cushioned grip.
• Their jaw opening is adjustable and smooth.
98
Pipe Wrenches
• Pipe wrenches have grooved jaws designed to
provide grip for working with metal piping systems.
• The two most common sizes are 18” and 24”.
• All pipe wrenches have an adjustment range for
various pipe or fitting sizes.
99
Hammers
• Numerous hammer types are available with different
heads, claws, and weights.
• For a plumber, the type of claw is the most important
factor regarding the selection of a hammer.
100
Plastic Pipe Saw
• Can be used to cut both ABS and PVC pipe.
• Available in short and long blade styles.
• Their cutting teeth are closer together than a
wood-cutting saw and farther apart than a
metal-cutting saw.
101
Plastic Pipe Cutter
• Various designs available.
• Range in pricing and size.
102
Metal-Cutting Saw
• This versatile tool is designed to cut
through metal.
• Numerous blade types are available
with various numbers of teeth per
inch.
103
Hacksaw
• Used to cut PVC, cPVC and ABS Pipe
104
Wallboard Saws
• Two types commonly used are the compass
saw and the wallboard saw.
– A compass saw is designed to cut circular holes,
but is capable of making square cuts
– The wallboard saw is shorter and more rigid than
the compass saw
105
Aviation Snips
• The most common
are offered in three
different styles that
cut in three different
directions – straight,
left, and right.
• Their cushioned grip
handles are color-
coded, indicating
their direction of
cut.
106
Knives
• Commonly used for cutting wallboard, boxes,
or tape
107
Chisels
• Wood chisels are typically used for notching and
splitting pieces of wood boards.
• Chisels used for chipping concrete have a blunter
cutting edge than wood chisels and are called cold
chisels.
108
Basin Wrench
• Has a spring-loaded swivel head.
• Used to install and remove securing nuts of a faucet
and water supply connections in confined spaces.
109
Basket Strainer Tools
• Strainer forks are used for strainers and tub drains.
• An internal wrench is a multi-purpose tool that
allows an installer to tighten or remove parts to a
plumbing fixture.
– The internal wrench has a range from 1” to 2” internal use.
110
Copper Pipe Cutters (Tubing Cutters)
• Copper cutters use metal rollers and a cutting wheel
to rotate around the pipe as a manual handle is
turned clockwise to advance the cutting wheel
through the pipe.
111
Copper Flaring Tool
• A flaring tool flares the end of soft copper tubing,
creating a 45-degree angle to mate with a
compatible brass flared fitting.
112
Copper Tubing Bender
• A copper tubing
bender is used to
create bends in
copper tube.
• It is useful for tight
spaces and for
achieving a
professional
appearance.
113
Torch Regulator Assembly
• A typical torch assembly consists
of:
– A regulator that controls the amount
of flammable gas to be ignited
– A torch-tip with an orifice specifically
designed for the type of gas and the
specific torch assembly
114
Flexible Pipe Crimping Tool
116
Chalk Box
• Houses string (called a
chalk line) and chalk
powder.
• Used to mark a
straight line for layout
or to cut plywood
boards.
117
Torque Wrench
• Used to tighten clamps used in installing cast iron
pipe and for rubber transition connectors for
dissimilar piping.
• Has a 5/16” socket end.
118
Other Plumbing Tools
• Sand paper – helps in smoothing the end of
the pipe after cutting it
120
Summary
• Hand tools are required to install various
aspects of a plumbing system.
• A plumber may be responsible for purchasing
hand tools.
• Specialty hand tools are required more for
repair than for new installation work.
• Everyone on a job site is responsible for safety.
121
Summary
• Personal protection equipment (PPE) is usually
provided by an employer.
• Material safety data sheet (MSDS) lists all
safety hazards and medical attention
requirements for a specific product.
• MSDS must be available for all products and
kept on file on the jobsite.
122
PLUMBING SYMBOLS &
COLOR CODING
Symbols and Drawings
Pipe Color Coding
Fire Extinguisher Color Coding
Pipe & Fitting Symbols
Pipe & Fitting Symbols
Pipe & Fitting Symbols
Pipe & Fitting Symbols
PIPE COLOR CODING
ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for
the Identification of Pipes
BACKGROUND &
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
LETTERING COLORS
Fluids which are a vapor or produce
YELLOW BACKGROUND,
FLAMMABLE vapors that can ignite and continue to
BLACK LETTERING
burn in air
Fluids that may burn but are not BROWN BACKGROUND,
COMBUSTIBLE
flammable WHITE LETTERING
TOXIC & Fluids which are corrosive or toxic or will ORANGE BACKGROUND,
CORROSIVE produce corrosive or toxic substances BLACK LETTERING
Water and other substances used in RED BACKGROUND,
FIRE QUENCHING
sprinkler fire-fighting piping systems WHITE LETTERING
Any other water, except for water used in GREEN BACKGROUND,
OTHER WATER
sprinkler and fire-fighting piping systems WHITE LETTERING
Any vapor or gas under pressure that does BLUE BACKGROUND,
COMPRESSED AIR
not fit a category above WHITE LETTERING
Philippine Pipe Color Code
COLOR MATERIAL PIPED PIPE IDENTIFICATION
Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide
RED
Water (Fire Service) Fire Service Water
Acetylene Acetylene
Blast Furnace Gas B.F. Gas
Gasoline Gasoline
Grease Grease
Hydrogen Hydrogen
Oxygen Oxygen
ORANGE
Oil Oil
Tar Tar
Producer Gas Producer Gas
Liquid Petroleum Gas LPG
Oil and Water Oil and Water
Vacuum-High High Vacuum
Philippine Pipe Color Code
COLOR MATERIAL PIPED PIPE IDENTIFICATION
Acid Acid
Air-High Pressure H.P. Air
Ammonia Ammonia
Steam-High Pressure H.P. Steam
YELLOW
Steam-Low Pressure L.P. Steam
Water-Boiler Feed Boiler Feed Water
Water-Hot Hot Water
Water-High Pressure H.P. Water
Air-Low Pressure L.P. Air
Argon-Low Pressure L.P. Argon
Helium-Low Pressure L.P. Helium
Nitrogen-Low Pressure L.P. Nitrogen
GREEN Water-Cold Cold Water
Water-Distilled Distilled Water
Water-Low Pressure L.P. Water
Water-Treated Treated Water
Oil and Water Oil and Water
ANSI Color Codes
COLOR STD MEANING EXAMPLE
Electric Power Lines, Cables, Buried High Voltage
Red APWA
Conduit and Lighting Cables Line
Gas, Oil, Steam, Petroleum or Natural Gas
Yellow APWA
Gaseous Materials Distribution Line
Communication, Alarm or Signal Buried Fiber Optic
Orange APWA
Lines, Cables or Conduit Cable
Blue APWA Water, Irrigation and Slurry Lines Buried Water Line
Buried Storm Sewer
Green APWA Sewers, Drain Line
Line
Red Traffic Prohibition STOP, Yield
Construction Zone
Orange Traffic Temporary Work Zone
Ahead
Yellow Traffic Caution Merge Ahead, Slow
ANSI Color Codes
COLOR STD MEANING EXAMPLE
Blue Traffic Information Signs Hospital
Brown Traffic Historical or Park Picnic Area Ahead
Green Traffic Directional Signs Exit 1 Mile, Go
Hazardous Voltage
Red ANSI Sign Danger Signs, Highest Hazard
Will Cause Death
Hazardous Voltage
Orange ANSI Sign Warning Signs, Medium Hazard
May Cause Death
Turn Machine Off
Yellow ANSI Sign Caution Signs, Lowest Hazard
When Not In Use
Blue ANSI Sign Notice Signs Employees Only
Green ANSI Sign Safety First Signs Wear Ear Plugs
ANSI Color Codes
COLOR STD MEANING EXAMPLE
Red ANSI Pipe Fire Quenching Materials Fire Protection Water
Yellow ANSI Pipe Materials Inherently Hazardous Chlorine
Materials of Inherently Low
Blue ANSI Pipe Compressed Air
Hazard, Gas
Materials of Inherently Low
Green ANSI Pipe Storm Drain
Hazard, Liquid
Blue is used for Health Hazards,
Blue/ Red/
NFPA 701 Red for Flammability and Yellow
Yellow
for reactivity
NFPA Standards for
Medical Facilities
SERVICE COLOR BACKGROUND COLOR
Carbon Dioxide White Gray
Helium White Brown
Medical Air White Blue
Medical Air Black Yellow
Medical Air 50-55 psi Black Yellow
Medical Vacuum White Blue
Medical Vacuum Black White
Nitrogen White Black
Nitrogen 180-200 psi White Black
Nitrous Oxide White Blue
Nitrous Oxide 50-55 psi White Blue
Oxygen White Green
Oxygen 50-55 psi White Green
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
FIRE CLASSIFICATION
Geometric
Fire Class Pictogram Intended Use Mnemonic
Symbol
Ordinary solid
A Green Triangle A for "Ash"
combustibles
Flammable liquids and B for
B Red Square
gases “Barrel"
Energized electrical C for
C Blue Circle
equipment "Current"
Yellow Decagon D for
D Combustible metals
(Star) "Dynamite"
K for
K Black Hexagon Oils and fats
"Kitchen"
PLUMBING INSTALLATION
Pipe Selection
• Each kind of pipe has advantages and
disadvantages. When making repairs it is
generally easier to repair systems with the
kind of pipe used in the original installation.
New Installations
• When planning a new system, it is important
to consider the relative merits of each kind of
pipe.
Soldering Copper
Gluing
Plastic
All drains can become clogged.
Plungers apply
pressure to the clog
– House drain: 3” – 4” Ф
– Cleanouts extended at least 1” above floor line
– Basements/public washrooms: provide floor drain; should be vented
(but not required if drain is not more than 5’ away)
– Waste pipe not less than 1 ½” for Bathroom, BT 7 LAV
– Waste stack serving the LT and Sink is with a 1 ½” Ф pipe
– Branch of the drain is extended 4” above floor level
– 4 x 2” tapped cross for laundry tub connection
– Sink waste discharged to a 4 x 2” reducer in the top opening of the tee
– Vent for Sink: 1 ½” Ф; connected to main soil pipe
SOIL, WASTE AND VENT PRINCIPLES
• Principle 2: Maximum requirements:
– Layout of a drain, soil waste, and vent pipe installation
• Class I-A Liquids include those liquids having flash points below twenty
two and eight tenths degrees Celsius (22.8°C), and having a boiling point
below thirty seven and eight tenths degrees Celsius (37.8°C).
• Class I-B Liquids include those liquids having flash points below twenty
two and eight tenths degrees Celsius (22.8°C), and having a boiling point
at or above thirty seven and eight tenths degrees Celsius (37.8°C).
• Class I-C Liquids include those liquids having flash points at or above
twenty two and eight tenths degrees Celsius (22.8°C), and below thirty
seven and eight tenths degrees Celsius (37.8°C).
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Flash Point of a Liquid. The lowest temperature a liquid at which sufficient
vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air, near the surface of
the liquid or within the vessel used, as determined by appropriate
laboratory test, as follows:
– The flash point of liquids having a flash point at or below seventy nine
degrees Celsius (79°C), except for fuel oils and certain viscous
materials shall be determined in accordance with the Standard
Method of Test for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester, ASTM D 56-61.
– The flash point of liquids having a flash point above seventy nine
degrees Celsius (79°C), except for fuel oils, shall be determined in
accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the
Cleveland open Cup Tester, ASTM D 92-57.
– The flash point of fuel oil, and certain viscous materials having a flash
point at or below seventy nine degrees Celsius (79°C), shall be
determined in accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Flash
Point by the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, ASTM 93-62.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Fumigation. The utilization within an enclosed space of a
fumigant in concentrations that is hazardous or acutely toxic
to humans.
• High Rise Buildings. Buildings, structures or facilities fifteen
(15) meters or more in height.
• Hose Box. A box or cabinet where fire hoses, valves and other
equipment are stored and arranged for fire fighting.
• Hose Reel. A cylindrical device turning on an axis around
which a fire hose is wound and connected.
• Hypergolic Fuel. A rocket or liquid propellant which consists
of combinations of fuels and oxidizers which ignite
spontaneously on contact with each other.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Any flammable gas
liquefied through pressure. The liquid vaporizes under
normal atmospheric pressure.
• Magnesium. A highly flammable metal which burns to over
two thousand nine hundred eighty degree Celsius (2,980
°C). It is used as a principal element of aluminum alloy for
the manufacture of mobile phones, laptop computers,
cameras, and other electronic components, beverage cans,
flashlight photography, flares, pyrotechnics, fireworks
sparklers, automotive and truck components.
• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Is a form that contains
data and information regarding the properties of a
particular substance.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Means of Egress. Is a continuous and unobstructed
route of exit from one point in a building, structure or
facility to a public way.
• Medical Air. A type of air product produced through
the blending of compressed nitrogen and oxygen and
used in variety of patients’ application. It is also used
during anesthesia as a substitute for nitrous oxide to
reduce the high concentration of oxygen exposure.
• Medical Gas. A type of gas used in medical and similar
facilities, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen,
carbon dioxide, helium, medical air and mixtures of
these gases.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Occupancy. The purpose for which a building or
portion thereof is used or intended to be used.
• Occupant Load. The maximum number of persons that
may be allowed to occupy a particular building,
structure, or facility, or portions hereof.
• Occupant. Any person actually occupying and using a
building or portions thereof by virtue of a lease
contract with the owner or administrator or by
permission or sufferance of the latter.
• Owner. The person who holds the legal right of
possession or title to a building or real property.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Oxidizing Material. A material that readily
yields oxygen in quantities sufficient to
stimulate or support combustion.
• Ozone Depleting Refrigerant/Substance. Any
group of halogenated hydrocarbon chemicals
which photo-chemically reacts in the
stratosphere in a way which destroys the
ozone layer.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Plastics:
• Group A Plastics.
• Group B Plastics.
• Group C Plastics
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Group A Plastics. Plastic materials having heat of
combustion much higher than that of ordinary
combustibles and burning rate higher than that of Group B
plastics. Examples of Group A plastics include, but are not
limited to, the following:
– ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer)
– Acetal (polyformaldehyde)
– Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate)
– Butyl rubber
– EPDM (ethylene propylene rubber)
– FRP (fiberglass-reinforced polyester)
– Natural rubber (expanded)
– Nitrile rubber (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber)
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Group A Plastics.
– PET or PETE (polyethylene terephthalate)
– Polybutadiene
– Polycarbonate
– Polyester elastomer
– Polyethylene
– Polypropylene
– Polystyrene (expanded and unexpanded)
– Polyurethane (expanded and unexpanded)
– PVC (polyvinyl chloride greater than fifteen (15%) percent
plasticized, e.g., coated fabric unsupported film)
– SAN (styrene acrylonitrile)
– SBRr (styrene butadiene rubber)
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Group B Plastics. Plastic materials having heat of
combustion and burning rate higher than that of ordinary
combustibles, but not as high as those of Group A plastics.
Examples of Group B plastics include, but are not limited to,
the following:
– Cellulosics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl Cellulose)
– Chloroprene rubber
– Fluoroplastics (ECTFE, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer; ETFE,
ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer; FEP, fluorinated ethylenepropylene
copolymer)
– Natural rubber (nonexpanded)
– Nylon (nylon 6, nylon 6/6)
– PVC (polyvinyl chloride greater than 5-percent, but not exceeding fifteen (15)-
percent plasticized)
– Silicone rubber
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Group C Plastics. Plastic materials having heat of
combustion and burning rate similar to those of ordinary
combustibles. Examples of Group C plastics include, but are
not limited to, the following:
– Fluoroplastics (PCTFE, Polychlorotrifluoroethylene; PTFE,
polytetrafluoroethylene)
– Melamine (melamine formaldehyde)
– Phenol
– PVC (polyvinyl chloride, rigid or plasticized less than five percent (5%),
e.g., pipe, pipe fittings)
– PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)
– PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
– PVF (polyvinyl fluoride)
– Urea (urea formaldehyde)
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Propeller. An inclusive term for all parts,
appurtenances, and accessories of a propeller.
• Public Way. Any street, alley or other strip of land
unobstructed from the ground to the sky, deeded,
dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated for
public use.
• Safety Factor. Is the ratio of the design burst pressure
to the maximum working pressure and shall not be less
than four (4).
• Smelting. Refers to the process of melting or fusing
metallic ores or compounds so as to separate
impurities from pure metals.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Solvents or Liquid Classifications. A method of classifying solvents
or liquids according to the following:
• Class I Solvents. Liquids having a flash point below thirty seven and
eight tenths degrees Celsius (37.8°C).
• Class II Solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above thirty
seven and eight tenths degrees Celsius (37.8°C) and below sixty
degrees Celsius (60°C).
• Class IIIA Solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above sixty
degrees Celsius (60°C) and below ninety three and three-tenths
degrees Celsius (93.3°C).
• Class IIIB Solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above ninety
three and three-tenths degrees Celsius (93.3°C).
• Class IV Solvents. Liquids classified as non-flammable.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Sprinkler System. An integrated network of hydraulically
designed piping system installed in a building, structure or
area with outlets arranged in a systematic pattern which
automatically discharges water when activated by heat or
combustion products from a fire.
• Standpipe System. A system of vertical pipes in a building
to which fire hoses can be attached on each floor, including
a system by which water is made available to water outlets
as needed.
• Sump Pit. The lowest part of a mine, vault, tank or a hole in
the ground used to collect water, waste water and sludge
for purposes of draining through a submersible pump.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Toxicity. The degree to which a substance is able to damage
an exposed organism.
• Used Water. Liquid waste generated by treatment plants,
housekeeping, operation and maintenance, and laboratory
activities, including but not limited to washing, flushing,
and cleaning activities. It also includes the cleaning,
flushing and draining water that bear dirt and sludge from
sedimentation basin, settling tank, and other treatment
processes and unit operation facilities, and backwash water
generated in the backwashing, cleaning and flushing of
filter media or beds.
• Ventilation. The process of supplying or removing air by
natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air
may or may not have been conditioned.
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Vertical Shaft. An enclosed vertical space of passage
that extends from floor to floor, as well as from the
base to the top of a building.
• Vestibule. A passage hall or antechamber between the
outer doors and the interior parts of a house or
building.
• Waste Water. Liquid waste generated by human
activities that use water and/or those water that come
from residential, commercial, institutional,
recreational, industrial, agricultural and other facilities,
similar occupancies and related activities.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Supplying Water for
Fire Protection Systems:
The Elevated Water Tank
The Underground Water Reservoir
Types of
Fire Protection Systems:
Automatic / Sprinkler System
Dry Standpipe System
Wet Standpipe System
• Gas-Fired Heaters
• Oil-Fired Heaters
• Electric Water Heaters
Indirect Water Heaters
• are one in which the water is heated by a heat
source that is remotely located from the water
heating equipment
Thank You.