11

B to be calculated 80.22
(i) Define the term relative isotopic H–Brmass. 366mole fraction of Cl 2 = ..............................
[1]
(i) Define the term relative isotopic H–H mass. 436
.............................................................................................................................................
mass of an atom / isotope Br–Br 193
.............................................................................................................................................
relative / compared to 1/12 (the mass)
) In another experiment under different conditions, anofequilibrium
(an atom of) C-12 OR
mixture was produced with
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
moleUse fractions
these for
on
data aeach
scale
to species
in which
calculate asvalue
a ashown.
C-12for (atom / isotope)
the enthalpy has (aΔH,
change, mass for of
theexactly)
thermal 12decomposition
(units)
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) of hydrogen
Calculate thebromide,
relative HBr,
isotopicaccording
mass ofto11the B. equation shown.
(ii) Calculate the relative isotopic species mass of mole
11
B. fraction
Give your answer to six significant figures. Show your working.
HCl 0.88
Give your answer to six significant figures. Show your working.
H2 0.06
Cl 2 0.06

(i) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kp, for the decomposition of HCl.

2HCl (g) H2(g) + Cl 2(g) ΔH = .............................. kJ mol–1 [1]

Kp a= temperature of 700 K a sample of HBr is approximately 10% decomposed. Changing

(b) At [2] the
temperature affects both the rate of decomposition of HBr and the percentage that decomposes.
[2]
[Total: 6]
[1]
The Boltzmann distribution for a sample of HBr at 700 K is shown. Ea represents the activation
[Total: 6]
energy for the reaction.

S 2017 9701/22/M/J/17

2. Explain the different yield of two product in the electrophilic addition of HBr on propene
S 2017 proportion 9701/22/M/J/17
of--the intermediate cation is more stable
molecules
S 2017 --due to the positive inductive effect of alkyl groups
with a given
9701/22/M/J/17

energy

9701/22 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme

PUBLISHED
Ea
Question molecular
5 energy Answer
9701/22 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
9701/22 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
(ii) With reference PUBLISHED
3(a)Using
(i) (+) same to
the 103 the curves,
axes, sketch state
a second and explain
curve tothe effect PUBLISHED
indicate of
theincreasing
Boltzmann temperature
distributionon atthe
a
rate of decomposition of HBr. 5
higher temperature.
Question Answer [2]
3(b)(i)
Question general shape of the curve and peak are displaced to right Answer of original and starts at origin
(ii)3(a) .............................................................................................................................................
With reference
(+) 103 to the curves, state and explain the effect of increasing temperature on the
3(a) (+) 103
the peak is lower and curve crosses once only finishing above original
rate of decomposition of HBr.
3(b)(i).............................................................................................................................................
general shape of the curve and peak are displaced to right of original and starts at origin
3(b)(i)
3(b)(ii) general
rate shape ofAND
increases the curve
correct and peak are displaced
explanation in termstoofright of original
‘more and starts at origin
collisions’
CLES 2017 .............................................................................................................................................
9701/22/M/J/17
the peak is lower and curve crosses once only finishing above original
.............................................................................................................................................
thehigher
at peak isT lower
area andabove curveEacrosses once only finishing
is greater / more molecules above
withoriginal
E ⩾ Ea
.............................................................................................................................................
3(b)(ii) rate increases AND correct explanation in terms of ‘more collisions’
.......................................................................................................................................
3(b)(ii) rate increases AND correct explanation in terms of ‘more collisions’ [3]
higher frequency of successful collisions OR more successful collisions per unit time / higher chance of suc
.............................................................................................................................................
at higher
per T area above
unit time / higher Ea is greater / more
proportion of successful molecules
collisions with E unit⩾ Ea
at higher
(iii) The decomposition T areaofaboveHBr is Eaendothermic.
is greater / more molecules with Eper⩾ Ea time
higher frequency of successful(of collisions OR more successful collisions per unit time / higher
.......................................................................................................................................
3(b)(iii) increases (%) decomposition HBr) OR chance of succes
[3] chance
higher frequency of successful collisions
State the effect of increasing temperature on the percentage more successful collisions thatper unit time / higher of successful c
per unit time / higher proportion of successful collisions perofunit HBr time decomposes.
per unit time / higher proportion of successful collisions per unit time
(iii) The Usedecomposition
Le Chatelier’s
(increasing principle
T)of is to
HBr equilibrium
shifts explaintoyour
endothermic. the answer.
right / in the forward direction / endothermic direction / towards H2 + B
3(b)(iii) increases (%) decomposition (of HBr)
3(b)(iii) increases (%) decomposition (of HBr)
S.............................................................................................................................................
tate the effect of increasing temperature on the percentage
to oppose the
(increasing T) change or oppose
shifts equilibrium tothe
the increase
right / in the forwardofdirection / endothermic
in temperature HBrOR thattodecomposes.
absorb (additional) energy / heat
direction / towards H2 +OR
Br2 to
Use Le (increasing
Chatelier’s
temperature T) principle
shifts equilibrium
to explain to the
your right / in
answer. the forward direction / endothermic direction / towards H2 + Br 2
.............................................................................................................................................
to oppose the change or oppose the increase in temperature OR to absorb (additional) energy / heat OR to dec
3(b)(iv) to oppose
H-I the change
bond strength lessor than
oppose H-BrtheOR increase in temperature OR to absorb (additional) energy / heat OR to decreas
.............................................................................................................................................
temperature
temperature
.............................................................................................................................................
less energy needed to break H-I ora
3(b)(iv) H-I bond strength less than H-Br OR
.............................................................................................................................................
3(b)(iv) H-I bond strength less than H-Br OR
....................................................................................................................................... [3]
less energy needed to break H-I ora
 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
....................................................................................................................................................
2a) ....................................................................................................................................................
Explain
Nitrogen why
gas,nitrogen
N2, is very gasunreactive.
is so unreactive. PUBLISHED
Question
.............................................................................................................................................. Answer
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(a)
(b) Explain
Despitewhy the low nitrogen
reactivitygas of is Nso2, unreactive.
....................................................................................................................................................
oxides Cambridge
of nitrogenInternational
occur in theAS/A atmosphere through both natural
9701/22 Level – Mark Scheme M
2(a) and man-made strong processes.
triple bond PUBLISHED
....................................................................................................................................................
9701/22 ....................................................................................................................................................
Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark [2]
.............................................................................................................................................. Scheme
b) Despite the low reactivity of N2, oxides of nitrogen
9701/22
Question Cambridge occur inInternational
the atmosphere PUBLISHED
Answer AS/A through
Level –both
Marknatural
Scheme
(i) Explain non-polar / no why oxides dipoleof nitrogen can be produced by internal combustion engines.
and man-made processes.
..............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
PUBLISHED [2]
9701/22 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
Question
b) Despite2(a)
the strong triple bond
low reactivity of N2, oxides of nitrogen occur in the atmosphere Answer
through both natural
.............................................................................................................................................
2(b)(i) ExplainAny why2 oxides points coveredof nitrogen correctly
can bescores produced 2 marks Any
by internal 1 combustion
point covered
PUBLISHED
(i) .............................................................................................................................................. correctly scores 1 mark
Question
and man-made processes. Answer engines. [2]
2(a) thestrong non-polar / no triple bonddipole
b)Question
Despite low reactivity of N2, oxides of nitrogen occur in the atmosphere through both natural
Answer
.............................................................................................................................................
2(a) • nitrogen (and oxygen) from the air / atmosphere (react):
.............................................................................................................................................
strong
and
(i)2(b)(i) man-made
Explain why2triple
Any processes.
oxides
points bond of nitrogen
covered correctly canscores be produced
2 marks Any by internal combustion
1 point covered engines.
correctly scores 1 mark
(b) Despite non-polar / no
the low reactivity dipole of N , oxides of nitrogen occur in the atmosphere through both natural
2(a) strong triple bond
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
and •• why
non-polar / no
man-made high
oxides
nitrogen temperature
dipole
of nitrogen
processes.
(and oxygen)
2
(of internal
can
from combustion
be air / atmosphere
the produced engine) / (engine)
(i) .............................................................................................................................................
Explain by internal
(react): combustion produces
............................................................................................................................................. engines.enough OR a lot of heat (energy) :
2(b)(i) Any 2 points covered correctly scores 2 marks Any 1 point covered correctly scores 1 mark
non-polar / no dipole
(ii) State and explain, using a suitable equation, how oxides of nitrogen produced by internal
2(b)(i) (i) Any •• 2 high points covered correctly scores 2 marks(and Any 1 pointproduces
covered
.......................................................................................................................................
(so) breaks
temperature (strong)
(of bond(s)
internal in nitrogen
combustion oxygen) :
............................................................................................................................................. correctly
ORscores of 1
a lot [2] mark
Explain why oxides ofcan nitrogen can be fromengine) / (engine)
produced by internal combustion
.............................................................................................................................................
combustion engines be prevented reaching the atmosphere. enough
engines. heat (energy) :
2(b)(i) • nitrogen (and oxygen) from the air / atmosphere
Any 2 points covered correctly scores 2 marks Any 1 point covered correctly scores 1 mark (react):
2(b)(ii)
(ii) S reduction / decomposition (and (strong)
oxygen) bond(s) of NO
from inthex using
tate and explain, using a suitable equation, how oxides of nitrogen produced by internal
nitrogen a catalyst / catalytic
(and
air / atmosphere oxygen)(react):
: convertor
•.............................................................................................................................................
• nitrogen
(so) breaks
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
combustion •• high engines can
temperature be prevented
(of internal from reaching
combustion the atmosphere.
engine) / (engine) produces enough OR a lot of heat (energy) :
2(b)(ii) nitrogen
reduction / decomposition
2NO (and oxygen) ofNNO from the air / atmosphere
using a catalyst / catalytic convertor (react):
2 +temperature
4CO → 4CO(of 2 +internal
(ii) S.......................................................................................................................................
•.......................................................................................................................................
high 2 x combustion engine) / (engine) produces enough OR
.............................................................................................................................................
tate and explain, using a suitable equation, how oxides of nitrogen produced by internal [2] a[2]lot of heat (energy) :
OR
.............................................................................................................................................
•2NO
combustion • 2(so)
2NO
engines
+ 4CO
high
+ 2CO
breaks→can 4CO
temperature
→ 2CO
(strong)
be 2 bond(s)
2 + prevented
N(of
2 + N2
internalfrom in nitrogen
reaching
combustion (and
theoxygen)
atmosphere.
engine) / (engine) : produces enough OR a lot of heat (energy) :
(ii) (iii)
State and explain, using a suitable equation, how oxides of nitrogen produced by internal
• State the role of nitrogen dioxide, NO
OR(so) breaks (strong) bond(s) in nitrogen (and oxygen) :
.......................................................................................................................................
, in the formation of acid rain by oxides of sulfur. [2]
2(b)(ii) .......................................................................................................................................
combustion engines
reduction / decomposition
2NO + 2CO → can
2CO be+ N prevented of NO from 2
using reaching
a the atmosphere.
catalyst / catalytic convertor [2]
.............................................................................................................................................
2(b)(iii) Write • suitable
(acts (so)
as abreaks equations2
(strong)
homogeneous)
2
to bond(s)
explain
catalyst
x this role.
inOR nitrogen
oxidising(andagent
oxygen) :
2(b)(ii)(ii) S reduction / decomposition of NOx using a catalyst / catalytic convertor
tate and explain, using a suitable equation, how oxides of nitrogen produced by internal
2(b)(iii)
(iii) S (acts as+ a4CO homogeneous)
tate the role of nitrogen dioxide, NO catalyst OR oxidising
2, in the
agent of acid rain by oxides of sulfur.
formation
.............................................................................................................................................
2NO
2(b)(ii) combustion engines can2 beNprevented
→ 4CO + from reaching the atmosphere.
.......................................................................................................................................
role ......................................................................................................................................
2
reduction / decomposition 2
of NO using a catalyst / catalytic convertor [2]
Write2NO SO
suitable
OR 2
+ + NO
4CO 2
→→
equations SO
4CO + NO
3to explain this role.
+ N
x
2
SO2 + NO2 → SO3 + NO 2 2

(iii) S.......................................................................................................................................
OR 2NO
2NO+2+½O
equation
NO +2CO
14CO → →2CO
2 → NO2 OR
4CO22++N SO N223 + H 2, 2in
O the
→H formation of acid rain by oxides of sulfur. [2]
.............................................................................................................................................
tate the role of nitrogen dioxide, NO
...........................................................................................................................
2SO4
role 2NO ......................................................................................................................................
NO +
+ 2CO
½O →→ NO2CO OR + SON + H O → H SO
Write suitable OR equations to explain this role.
2 2 2 2 3 2 2 4
2(b)(iii)
(iii) (acts as2a...........................................................................................................................
State the role of nitrogen dioxide, NO homogeneous) catalyst 2, inOR the oxidising
formationagent of acid rain by oxides of sulfur.
.......................................................................................................................................
equation [2]
2(b)(iv) 2NO ++ 2CO
H2O 2O → 2CO HNO 22 ++ NHNO 2
2(b)(iv)
2(b)(iii) equation
Write (acts 2NO
suitable 1as2 ...........................................................................................................................
2+ H
a → HNO
homogeneous)
equations 2 +explain
to HNO catalyst
3
3
this OR
role. oxidising agent
role ......................................................................................................................................
OR
OR 2 + NO2 → SO3 + NO [3]
SO
(iii) State the role of nitrogen dioxide, NO , in the formation of acid rain by oxides of sulfur.
2(b)(iii) (acts
4NO
4NO as
++2H a
2H 2O
homogeneous)
2O++ O2O→ 2 → 4HNO 4HNO catalyst OR
2 oxidising agent
equation
role SO +2suitable
2...........................................................................................................................
2NO
2 → equations
SO 3 + NOto explain this role.
3
......................................................................................................................................
Write
3
equation
(iv) 21 ...........................................................................................................................
Suggest an equation to show how NO 2 can contribute directly to acid rain.
NO + ½O2 → NO2 OR SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 [3]
2(c)
2(c) SO + NO
fertiliser / nitrates
fertiliser / nitrates
2 2 → SO
dissolve+ NO
dissolve
3 in (river
inH(riverwater) water)
equation NO + ½O → NO OR SO + O → H SO
equation role 21 ...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
OR......................................................................................................................................
2 2 3 2 2 4
.......................................................................................................................................
OR [1]
2(b)(iv)
(iv) 2NO 2 + H2O → are
Suggest an equation to show how NO
fertiliser / nitrates HNO 2 + HNO3 2 can
washed / leached contribute
out / flows directly
into (river water)to acid rain.
9701/22
NO + ½O
fertiliser / nitrates 2 → NOare 2 OR SO 3 + H2O → Hout / flows
washed / leached 2SO4 into (river water) [3]
2(b)(iv) 2NO H12O → HNO2 + HNO3 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
OR22+...........................................................................................................................
9701/22 equation equation ...........................................................................................................................
Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
2(b)(iv) OR 4NO
2NO + 2H O + O → 4HNO PUBLISHED
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
[3]
how2 + H2uncontrolled
O2 → HNO
2 + HNO
2 2 3
(iv)
(c) SExplain uggest an equation to show how NO
the use can
of 3nitrate contribute
fertilisers ondirectly
land canto
PUBLISHED acid
lead rain.
to a severe reduction in
4NO
equation OR 2 + 2H2 2 O + O 2 → 4HNO 3
2
...........................................................................................................................
Question water quality
2(c) Suggest an equation to show how NO in rivers.
fertiliser / nitrates dissolve in (rivercan water) Answer
(iv)
Question 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3 2 contribute directly to acid rain.
Answer
....................................................................................................................................... [1] [3]
c) 2(c)
Explain how OR
fertiliser / nitrates
the uncontrolled dissolve
use ofinnitrate (river fertilisers
water) on land can lead to a severe reduction in
....................................................................................................................................................
algal
OR bloom / promote
fertiliser / nitrates are algal growth / explosion
washed / leached of plant
out / flows intogrowth
(river water)
water quality
algal inbloom / promote
rivers.
.......................................................................................................................................
algal growth / explosion of plant growth [1]
© 2(c)
(iv)
UCLES S
AND
2017 fertiliser / nitrates
uggest an equation to show how NO dissolve in (river water) 2 can contributePage directly
3 of 9 to acid rain.
fertiliser / nitrates
AND OR are washed / leached out / flows into (river water)
c) ©Explain how the uncontrolled use of nitrate fertilisers on land can leadPage to a3 severe reduction in
....................................................................................................................................................
EITHER
....................................................................................................................................................
UCLES 2017
EITHER fertiliser / nitrates are(preventing
washed / leached out / flows into (river
of 9
water quality sunlight in rivers.is blocked out photosynthesis) / plants canwater)
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
no longer carry out photosynthesis (and die)
c) Explain how
sunlight the uncontrolled
is blocked outuse of
(preventingnitrate fertilisers on land
photosynthesis) / plants can lead can to a
no severe
longer
....................................................................................................................................................
OR reduction
carry out in
photosynthesis (and die)
....................................................................................................................................................
water quality
OR in rivers.
....................................................................................................................................................
bacteria break down or decay dead organisms / plants / algae
(c) Explain bacteria how the break down or decay
uncontrolled use ofdead nitrate organisms / plants / algae
fertilisers on land can lead to a severe reduction[3]
.............................................................................................................................................. in
....................................................................................................................................................
water quality in rivers.
....................................................................................................................................................
drop in oxygen (concentration)
© UCLES 2017 drop in oxygen (concentration) Page 3 of 9
[Total: 13]
..............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2017 Page 3 of 9
.................................................................................................................................................... [3]
....................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2017 Page 3 of 9
[Total: 13]
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[Turn [3]over
© UCLES 2017 9701/22/M/J/17
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
....................................................................................................................................................
[Total: 13]
ES 2017 9701/22/M/J/17 [Turn over
[Total: 13] [3]
..............................................................................................................................................
ES 2017 9701/22/M/J/17 [Turn over
[Total: 13]
ES 2017 9701/22/M/J/17 [Turn over

UCLES 2017 9701/22/M/J/17 [Turn over

 Question A
10 Answer Answer
4(a)(v)
[1]
4(a)(i)
4(b)(i).............................................................................................................................................
C = (2-)methylpropan-2-ol / (CH ) COH / any unambiguous structure
c) The isomers (AF=and ) G, C5H10O, both form an orange precipitate when reacted with 2,4-DNPH.
3 3
(A(ii)
= ) The hydrocarbon A, C4H10, has a branched isomer.
F4(a)(ii)
is unbranched D = (2-)methylpropan-1-ol / (CH
(A / straight chain)with
and reacts has alkaline
strong(er) 3)2CHCH2OH / any
(temporary
aqueous dipole-)
iodine unambiguous
induced
to produce adipole structure
.......................................................................................................................................
precipitate.ora[2]
yellow(attractions)
(A / straight chain) has strong(er) (temporary dipole-) induced
Suggest why unbranched A has a higher boiling point than its branched isomer. dipole (attractions) ora
(iii) Give theE = (2-)methylpropanoic
structural
(because formulaaqueous acid
of B. has) /(CH ) CHCO H / any unambiguous structure
withA / straight chain biggerIt (surface)
contains area / more (points
andof) contact (in unbranched isomer) ora
3 2 2
G does not react alkaline iodine. a chiral centre produces a silver
(because A / straight
OR chain has) bigger (surface) area / more (points of) contact (in unbranched isomer) ora
.............................................................................................................................................
ORmirror when warmed with Tollens’ reagent.
(so)
arrow morefromenergy
the C=C required
double to break
bond the drawn intermolecular
to the bromine forces ora
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(so) more energy required to break the intermolecular forces ora
(i) .............................................................................................................................................
Name the yellow precipitate produced by the reaction between F and alkaline aqueous
4(a)(iii)
(iv) Explain CHwhy3CHCHCH3 OR CH3CH=CHCH3
Bonshows
CH3CHCHCH iodine.3dipoleOR CH Br2 ingeometrical
3CH=CHCH
correct
3
isomerism.
orientation AND arrow from the Br-Br bond to the Brδ–
.............................................................................................................................................
4(a)(iv) No rotation / restricted / limited rotation of C=C / (carbon) double bond
.............................................................................................................................................
correct carbocation / bromonium ion from the structure
bond with C=C drawn
.......................................................................................................................................
No rotation / restricted / limited rotation of C=C / (carbon) double [1]
.............................................................................................................................................
One (of the two) methyl groups / one (of the two) H (atoms) is on each C (of C=C)
–
One .............................................................................................................................................
(ii)(ofGive the
the two) Brstructural
with lone
methyl pair, negative
formula
groups / one of (of
F andthe charge
of G. HAND
two) arrow
(atoms) is from
on eachloneCpair (of to
C=C)the carbon atom [4]of intermediate
4(a)(v) OR
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
4(b)(ii) 2C4H8O2 + Na2CO3 → 2C4H7O2Na + H2O + CO2
(vi) F .............................................................................................................................................
using both ofarrows shown on(inBralternative diagram)
.........................................................................................................................................
Explain the origin the dipole 2 in this mechanism.
(iii) Give thetriiodomethane
4(c)(i) structural formula of B.
4(a)(vi)
G electrons in pi bond induce it (the dipole) OR
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
.........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(high) electron density in pi bond / double bond / C=C repels electrons (away
.......................................................................................................................................
4(c)(ii) F = CH3CH2CH2COCH3 from
[1] nearest Br)
[2]
OR
.............................................................................................................................................
polarised by (high) electronisomerism.
density in pi bond / double bond / C=C
(iii) ExplainGwhy
(iv) Explain = Cmeaning
the B2Hshows
5CH(CH )CHO
geometrical
of 3the term chiral centre.
arrow from the C=C double bond drawn to the bromine
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2017 Page 7 of 9
4(c)(iii) a (tetrahedral) atom with four different groups / atoms / substituents attached
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
arrow from theOR C=C double bond drawn to the bromine
dipole on Br2 in correct orientation AND arrow from the Br-Br bond to the Brδ–
a carbon (atom) with four different groups / atoms / substituents attached
b) The .............................................................................................................................................
alcohols C and D are isomers of each other with molecular formula Cδ–4H10O. Both isomers
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
dipole on Br2 incorrect correct orientation AND arrowion
carbocation / bromonium from from the Br-Br
the bondwith
structure to the
C=C Brdrawn
are branched.
4(d)(i) H C=O (group / bond) AND O–H (group / bond)
.............................................................................................................................................
Br– with lone pair, negative
correct carbocation / bromonium ion fromchargethe structure
AND arrow withfrom
C=Clone drawnpair to the carbon atom of intermediate
When C is heated under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate(
I C=O (group / bond) AND9701/22/M/J/17
OR C–H (group / bond) VI) no colour change is
ES 2017 ....................................................................................................................................... [2]
– observed.
Br with lone pair, using negative
both arrows charge shownAND (inarrow from diagram)
alternative lone pair to the carbon atom of intermediate
OR
When
using bothD
4(a)(vi) is electrons
arrowsheated
shown under
in (in reflux
pi bond with
induce
alternative it acidified potassium
(the dipole)
diagram) OR dichromate(VI) the colour of the
mixture changes from orange to green and E,
(high) electron density in pi bond / double C H O , is produced.
4 8bond / C=C
2 repels electrons (away from nearest Br)
electrons in pi OR bond induce it (the dipole) OR
E reacts
(high) electron polarised
with aqueous
density inbypisodium
(high) electron density
carbonate
bond / double in pi carbon
to form
bond / C=C bond / double
repelsdioxide bond
gas.
electrons / C=C from nearest Br)
(away
OR© UCLES 2017 Page 7 of 9
(i) Identify
polarised C, Delectron
by (high) and E. density in pi bond / double bond / C=C
© UCLES 2017 Page 7 of 9 Page 8 of 9

ES 2017 9701/22/M/J/17

C D E
[3]

(ii) Write the equation for the reaction between E and aqueous sodium carbonate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

ES 2017 9701/22/M/J/17 [Turn over

ES 2017 9701/22/M/J/17
 1/23 PUBLISHED
Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
(ii) State the benefit of using a catalyst in this reaction. Explain how it achieves this effect.
Answer PUBLISHED Marks
01/23 7
uestion .............................................................................................................................................
Cambridge International Answer
AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
01/23
Question Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark
Answer
PUBLISHED 2 Scheme
asing(ii) rate
3(b)(ii) State the benefit of using a catalyst in this reaction. Explain how it achieves this effect.
2 marks
or economic for any two i.e.
benefit points:
(less heat required) PUBLISHED
Question .............................................................................................................................................
Answer
3(b)(ii) •2 marks for any two points:
Benefit of using a catalyst in terms of increasing rate or economic benefit i.e. (less heat required)
Question.............................................................................................................................................
Answer
• • Benefit
Creates of using
alternative a catalyst
pathway in terms
with of
lower increasing
E rate or economic benefit i.e. (less heat required)
3(b)(ii) .............................................................................................................................................
2 marks for any two points: a
•
• 2 marks Creates
More for alternative
molecules pathway with lower E
• More Benefit two with
of using a
E > Ea
catalyst
a
3(b)(ii) .............................................................................................................................................
any points: in terms of increasing rate or economic benefit i.e. (less heat required)
ms of ‘more • molecules with E > E
•collisions’ 1
....................................................................................................................................... [2] heat required)
a
Benefit
Createsofalternative
using a catalyst pathway in with
termslower
of increasing
Ea rate or economic benefit i.e. (less
3(b)(iii) .............................................................................................................................................
(rate)
• Createsincreases AND
alternative correct explanation
pathway in terms of ‘more collisions’
More molecules with E > Ea with lower Ea
3(b)(iii)
(iii) State
chance (rate)
• and
of successful increases
explain
More how
collisions
molecules AND an correct
increase
per
with unit explanation
in pressure
time / higher
E > E in terms of
would
proportion ‘more
affect
of bothcollisions’
the rate of1reaction and
a
themore of SO3 in the
yield successful Contactper
collisions process.
unit time / higher chance of successful collisions per unit [2] time / higher proportion of
3(b)(iii) .......................................................................................................................................
(rate) increases AND correct explanation in terms of ‘more collisions’
successful
more successful collisions per unitper
collisions timeunit time / higher chance of successful collisions per unit time / higher proportion o
3(b)(iii)the forward
ght / in (rate) increases AND correct
direction / towards explanation
SO3 time
/ towards theinproduct / in
terms of ‘more collisions’
(iii) rate
State and explain how anper unit
increase in pressure would affect both the rate of1reaction and
.....................................................................................................................................
successful collisions
more increases
successfuland collisions per unit time / higher chance of successful collisions per unit time / higher proportion o
the(yield)
yield of SO3 in the Contact shifts equilibrium
process. to the right / in the forward direction / towards SO3 / towards the product / in
more
successful
exothermic
(yield) successful
collisions
direction
increases collisions
and per per
unit
shifts unit
time
equilibrium time / higher
to the chance
right / in theofforward
successful collisions per unit
direction / towards
.............................................................................................................................................SO3 time / higher
/ towards theproportion o
product / in
successful collisions per unit time
rateexothermic
n pressure / fewer direction
molecules on RHS so eqm moves to right (to oppose 1
.....................................................................................................................................
(yield) increases and shifts equilibrium to the right / in the forward direction / towards SO3 / towards the product / i
.............................................................................................................................................
to oppose the change or oppose the increase in pressure / fewer molecules on RHS so eqm moves to right (to op
(yield)
exothermic increases
direction and shifts equilibrium to the right / in the forward direction / towards SO3 / towards the product / i
to oppose the change or oppose the increase in pressure / fewer molecules on RHS so eqm moves to right (to o
change)
2. Explain the different yield of two product in the electrophilic addition of HBr on propene
.............................................................................................................................................
exothermic direction
.............................................................................................................................................
change)
--the intermediate cation is more stable 1
to oppose the change or oppose the increase in pressure / fewer molecules on RHS so eqm moves to right (to o
.............................................................................................................................................
3(c)(i) --due to the positive inductive effect of alkyl groups
SO2 = 0.01 (mol)
to oppose the change or oppose the increase in pressure / fewer molecules on RHS so eqm moves to right (to o
change)
3(c)(i) yield SO
AND ....................................................................................................................................
2 = 0.01 (mol)
change)
SOAND 3 = 0.99 (mol)
.............................................................................................................................................
3(c)(i) .............................................................................................................................................
SO32 = 0.99
SO = 0.01 (mol)
(mol) 1
3(c)(i) yield
3(c)(ii) nSO
AND = 0.01
= 1.505 (mol)
....................................................................................................................................
TOT   2 
AND
SO 3 = 0.99
= 1.505(mol)
3(c)(ii) .............................................................................................................................................
a) n TOT   1
SO = 0.99
pO2 = 1.50 × 10
3 (mol)
5 
× (0.505 / 1.505) = 5.03 × 104 (Pa)
.............................................................................................................................................
3(c)(ii) .............................................................................................................................................
nTOT  = 1.50 × 10
pO = 1.505 5 × (0.505 / 1.505) = 5.03 × 104 (Pa)
2  1
3(c)(ii) nTOT  = 1.505 2 [4]
3(d)(i) .............................................................................................................................................
pSO3 5 
3(d)(i) ( pO
K =)
2 = 1.50 × 10
pSO35  2 2× (0.505 / 1.505) = 5.03 × 10 4
(Pa)
( )
p
= pO2 × pSO
4
pOK p2 = 1.50 × 10 × (0.505 / 1.505) = 5.03 × 10
2 (Pa)
.............................................................................................................................................
2
3(d)(i) pO × pSO
2pSO 2 2 1
3(d)(i)
3(d)(ii) (
Kp =
0.1946737305 ) pSO
3
2
[4]
( )
2
3(d)(ii) K p = pO2 × pSO
0.1946737305
3
2
2 1
–1 pO 2 × pSO 2
Pa
3(d)(ii) 0.1946737305
Pa –1
Total: 17
3(d)(ii) 0.1946737305
Pa–1
Pa–1
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ES 2017 9701/23/M/J/17 [Turn over

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