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Quantitative research
Quantitative research is inquiry into an identified problem, based on testing a theory,
measured with numbers, and analyzed using statistical techniques. The goal of
quantitative methods is to determine whether the predictive generalizations of a theory
hold true. We will explore some of the issues and challenges associated with
quantitative research in this section. Seek the advice of faculty members who have
conducted quantitative studies for advice, support and encouragement.
Qualitative research
A study based upon a qualitative process of inquiry has the goal of understanding a
social or human problem from multiple perspectives. Qualitative research is conducted
in a natural setting and involves a process of building a complex and holistic picture of
the phenomenon of interest. We will explore some of the issues and challenges
associated with qualitative research in this section. Look for colleagues who engage in
qualitative research to serve as a sounding board for procedures and processes you
may use as a new faculty member.
The two main variables in an experiment are the independent and dependent variables.
The null hypothesis is that the researcher's prediction is not true. The alternative
hypothesis is that the researcher's predicted difference is true. So, the two sample t-
test gives us a way to decide between a null hypothesis and an alternative
hypothesis
SCIENTIFIC
Scientific research is the systematic investigation of scientific theories and hypotheses.
A hypothesis is a single assertion, a proposed explanation of something based on
available knowledge, for something yet to be explained. One that is subject to further
experimentation.
NON-SCIENTIFIC
That which is not science, or a specific non-scientific field. A body, set, or system of
information, methods, beliefs, and hypotheses (such as astrology or chiromancy) that
does not use the scientific method as a basis for observation, or development of a
theory.
TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Case study
This type of research method is used to understand a complex subject. A case
study is usually intended to consolidate or extend existing knowledge based
on previous research by using qualitative methods to evaluate contemporary
real-life situations. Start by defining the research question and selecting the
cases you want to probe.
Observation
This kind of research is used to understand the behavior and characteristi cs of
demographics. Market researchers, for instance, use passive and active
observational research and ethnography to understand the behavior of
consumers in a certain area. Observational research involves the use of
sampling to reach a research conclusion.
Survey Research
Survey research is one of the most commonly used research methods in social
sciences. Researchers randomly selects respondents from a population to
answer a standardized questionnaire, or conduct a face -to-face interview or
telephone interview to collect data to assess people's behavior, beliefs and
attitudes.
Archival Research
This type of descriptive research method uses existing data or records to
answer a research question. It involves content and qualitative analysis of
research material.
PRINCIPLES WRITTING OF RESEARCH PAPER
The importance of writing well can never be overstated for a successful professional career, and
the ability to write solid papers is an essential trait of a productive researcher. Writing and
publishing a paper has its own life cycle; properly following a course of action and avoiding
missteps can be vital to the overall success not only of a paper but of the underlying research as
well. Here, we offer ten simple rules for writing and publishing research papers.
As a caveat, this essay is not about the mechanics of composing a paper, much of which has been
covered elsewhere.. Rather, it is about the principles and attitude that can help guide the process
of writing in particular and research in general. In this regard, some of the discussion will
complement, extend, and refine some advice given in early articles of this Ten Simple Rules
series of PLOS .
Assignment
in
English
Miko A. Ignacio
Gr.10-St.Albert