Forward osmosis (FO) membrane designs and materials About Latest Postseoaze Feenrccanees mentan cep acter cosas | erwasemsch ForwardOsmosisTech [Admin at ForwaraosmosisTeh lam ForwardOsmesisTech'’s admin account Asymmetric cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate based forward ‘osmosis membranes formed by phase inversion (both support membrane and active layer) Before proceeding with the main content sections of this article, we would like to note that the information presented below is based - in part - on the excellent forward osmosis review article by Zhao et. al. (2012) “RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FORWARD OSMOSIS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES”, ZHAO ET. AL. 2012 ‘Asymmetric cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes were some of the first polymeric membranes used by researchers in forward osmosis applications. And from a commercial point of view, a CTA based membrane was for a long time the only commercially available forward osmosis membrane product and is still produced and sold by Hydration Technology Innovations today. einen tewdomettch sontrnutootsowntan-in antl! weFerm camers mente so snl onan Fresno One of the advantages of cellulosic membranes is that the support and active rejection layer are formed in the same process ~ phase inversion of a precursor dope solution followed by hot water annealing. In addition, cellulosic membranes are quite hydrophilic (.¢. good water flux performance and low propensity to fouling), have good mechanical strength, and membrane components are readily available commodities. On the negative side, cellulosic membranes must be kept within a narrow operational window (pH 4-6 and temperature below 30° Celcius) in order to maintain operational integrity. This excludes cellulosic membranes from being used for treatment of harsh industrial waste waters. When it comes to determining the performance characteristics of cellulose acetate or cellulose triacetate membranes forward osmosis membranes, research groups have directed thelr focus towards the CTA based membrane from HII. Below is a short summary of some representative work. tis evident that the CTA membrane has some performance variation from batch to batch, or alternatively, that research groups have different ways of determining A.B, and S values. Reverse draw solute permeation in forward 0,44 0265481, osmosis: modelling and experiments, Philip einen ewrdomettch sentenutomtomentan-inant-ntil! w