• Milling Characteristics of Cutting-Type Rice Milling Machine according to (Kawamura, 1990;

Kim et al., 2009), the promoted project to revitalize high-quality rice distribution is aimed at
strengthening competitiveness through safe, high-quality rice production focused on the
domestic Rice Processing Complex (RPC) and cost reduction by means of scaling and brand
power expansion.

• Design and Development of Rice Milling and Grinding Machine according to (Tangpinijkul,
2010), the purpose of a rice milling system is to remove the husk and the bran layers from paddy
rice to produce whole white rice kernels that are sufficiently milled, free of impurities and
contain a minimum number of broken kernels (International Rice Research Institute)

• Improving grain quality of locally produced rice in Africa according to (Stryker, 2013), the poor
quality of domestic rice primarily due to the poor postharvest handling of rice especially at the
milling stage that determines the quality

• Improved rice production in a changing environment: from concept to practice according to

(Futakuchi, 2014), automated operating mini rice mill whereas mill with electric motor are faster
but that are costly as well as required electricity. They free the user from rising energy costs,
and can be used anywhere, and are easy to maintain, produce no pollution and provide.

• Hydro Rice Milling Machine according to S. K. Goyal, S. V. Jogdand & A. K. Agrawal, 2012), this
study is carried out with the aim of helping the rural communities of Sarawak by means of
introducing hydro rice milling machine which can increase the efficiency of the rice milling
process as the rice milling industry is one of the utmost energy intense activities