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Labour cost
• Machine operator
• Shoe-maker
• Carpenter
• Weaver
• tailor
INDIRECT LABOUR
• Indirect Labour: Labour employed to perform
work incidental to production of goods or
those engaged for office work, selling and
distribution activities are known as 'indirect
labour'. The wages paid to such workers are
known as 'indirect wages' or indirect labour
cost.
• Example: Salary paid to the driver of the
delivery van used for distribution of the
product.
Example of indirect labour
• Supervisor
• Inspector
• Cleaner
• Clerk
• Peon
• watchman
Organisation for accounting and control of labour
cost
There are mainly five departments in an organisation
which deal with labour .
These are as follows:
Personnel department
Engineering department
Time-keeping department
Payroll department
cost accounting department
Labour Turnover
In all business organisation , it is a common
feature that some workers leave the
employment and new workers join in place of
those leaving .this change in work force is
known as labour turnover . Labour turnover
is this thus defined as ‘the rate of change in
the composition of the labour force in an
organisation.’ Labour turnover varies greatly
between different trades and industries .for
eg, where part-time and seasonal labour is
employed ,the rate will be higher.
Measurement of labour Turnover
To facilitate comparisons between different
periods and different undertakings , labour
turnover may be expressed in rate .
There are three alternative methods by
which this rate is computed .once a particular
method is used ,it should be consistently
followed for comparative analysis.
The methods are:
1-separation method:
Measurement of L T
2-Replacement method
3- Flux method
Separation method:This method takes in to
account only those workers who have left
during a particular period .its formula is:
LABOUR TURNOVER RATE=
NO.OF WORKERS LEFT DURING A PERIOD X100
2
MULTIPLICATION BY 100 IN THE ABOVE FORMULA
INDICATES RATE IN PERCENTAGE.
REPLACEMENT METHOD
This method takes into account only those new
workers who have joined in place of those who
have left. Its formula is:
Labour turn over =
No. of workers replaced during the period
x100
b) Power failure
A successful wage plan should have the under mentioned essential features:
Fairness:
A wage plan which is based on scientific time & motion study becomes fair to both
employer & employee.
Minimum wage guarantee must be given to the workers, whether under legal
compulsion or not. This minimum wage must be fairly above subsistence level of
income.
Unless there is a link between the value of work done & the remuneration payable,
there will be unfair to either the employer or the worker.
The worker must be satisfied by the wage plan which will result in high morale & low
labour turnover.
Work guarantee:
If there is payment by result, worker's earnings will not be satisfactory,
even if the rate is too high, unless continuous work is there, which is
available to them.
Flexibility: The wage plan must be flexible & not rigid. In case of change
in situations, incorporation of some change may have to be there in the
wage plan also. Unlike rigid plan, modification can be made in the flexible
plan without much disturbance.
1)Day wages are not guaranteed, i.e. it does not assure any minimum
amount of wages to workers.
2)A standard time for each job is set very carefully after time and
motion studies.
3)Two piece rates are set for each job- the lower rate and the higher
rate.
The lower piece rate is payable where a worker takes a longer time
than the standard time to complete the work.
Higher rate is payable when a worker completes the work within the
standard time.
In other words, lower piece rate is payable to inefficient workers and
higher piece rate is payable to efficient workers. It will be seen that
there is a great difference between the wages of an efficient and an
inefficient worker.
Problem 1
You are presented with the following information by Olympia
Engineering Company related to the first week of December
1999.
The firm employs 5 workers at an early rate of 2. During the
week, they worked for 4 days for a total period of 40 hours
each and completed a job for which the standard time was
48 hours for each worker. Calculate the labour cost under the
Halsey method and Rowan method of incentive plan
payments.
Solution of Problem # 1
Hasley Method = (Hourly rate x Time taken) + (50% x Time Saved x Hourly rate)
= (10 x 40) + (0.5 x 8 x 10)
= 440
Rowan Method = (Hourly rate x Time taken) + (Time Saved x Time Taken) x Hourly Rate
Time Allowed
= (10 x 40) + (8 x 40) x 10
48
= 467
Problem 2
A worker is allowed 10 hours to complete a job on daily
wages. He takes 6 hours to complete the job under a scheme
of payment by results. His day rate is Rs. 6 per hour and piece
rate is Rs. 36. The material cost of the product is Rs.40 and
the overheads are charged at 150% of the total direct wages.
Calculate the factory cost of the product under
i) Piece work plan
ii) Rowan Plan
iii) Halsey plan
Solution of Problem # 2
Rowan Method = (Hourly rate x Time taken) + (Time Saved x Time Taken) x Hourly Rate
Time Allowed
= (6 x 6) + (4 x 6) x 6
10
= 50.40
Hasley Method = (Hourly rate x Time taken) + (50% x Time Saved x Hourly rate)
= (6 x 6) + (0.5 x 4 x 6)
= 48
Problem 3
From the following particulars calculate wages earned by
workers A and B respectively under Taylors System:
Standard time allowed 10 units per hour
Normal wage rate Rs. 1 per hour
Worker A:-
Produced unit = 75
Worker B:-
Produced Unit = 85