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- TABLE OF CONTENT -
Generally,
BIM is the process spanning the generation and management of the physical
and functional information of a project. The output of the process are what we
refer to as BIMs or building information models which are ultimately digital files
that describe every aspect of the project and support decision-making
throughout a project cycle.
BIM and the subsets of BIM systems and similar technologies feature more than
just 3D (width, height, and depth) but may include further dimensions such as 4D
(time), 5D (cost), 6D and even 7D.
The use of BIM in construction and engineering is not new, but the rate of growth
becomes clear when we look at the number of BIM files stored on the Aconex
collaboration platform. In 2009, fewer than 10,000 models were being managed on
Aconex. By the start of 2013, clients were managing over 270,000 models – a growth
of 2,600% in just three years. The size of the average model has almost doubled to
54MB over the past five years.
The benefits of BIM
BIM provides a set of interrelated and cross-referenced information. For
example, objects in the model are linked to related information including manuals,
specifications, commissioning data, photos, and warranty details. This allows the
owner or facility manager to efficiently and accurately manage the asset. Also, we
have broken down the benefits of BIM in the diagram below throughout the years
since it began.
Faster Drafting
Coordination and
without loss of Cost
Collaboration
and Quality
Easy Maintenance
Benefits of BIM Conflict Detection
of Building Life
PROCESS and Risk Mitigation
Cycle
High Level of
Optimization of
Customization and
Schedule and Cost
Flexibility
The challenges that BIM creates
For all its benefits, BIM brings new challenges around creating and collaborating
on models:
I. Taking the model beyond the design team – The true value of BIM can only be
realized when it is taken beyond the design team – to subcontractors, the owner
and facility manager. Providing access to the model and allowing them to
contribute and link other information are key.
II. Viewing the model– How can a subcontractor be given a view of a particular part
of the model to resolve an issue without having to download and install
software? How can people collaborate around that view quickly and easily? How
can they view it on the tablet when standing on the site?
III. Linking models to other data – A lot of project information, like drawings, RFIs
and spec sheets, lives outside the model. Owners may insist on receiving a 3D
model but, for the full picture, it should be linked to all of the other data created
and collated on the project.
3D Modeling Suitability
3D modeling software is the most general of the 3D design categories. All 3D
design software will have some method of 3D modeling, but 3D modeling software
is primarily used to create 3D assets for animation. The most basic 3D modeling
software will only permit you to create 3D models, but most programs often include
tools for animation, texture painting or rendering.
3D modeling suites such as 3ds Max Design, Cinema 4D and Modo often offer a
variety of methods for sculpting. Polygonal modeling, spline modeling, digital
sculpting, procedural modeling and 3D scanning are all methods available to users
of 3D modeling software.
1. Maintain Control
The digital-model-based workflow involves aids such as
autosave and connections to project history so that users
can be certain they’ve captured their time spent working on
the model. The connection to the version history of the
model’s evolution can help you avoid disastrous
disappearances or corruption of files that can make blood
boil and impinge productivity.
Disadvantages of 3D BIM
2. Corruption in transmission
Main Purpose:
I. enable teams to analyse the sequence of events on a time-line and visualise
the time it takes to complete tasks within the construction process.
II. enables members to separate and visualize the progress of their activities
through the lifetime of the project
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)
i) Improve construction planning, scheduling and production control as well as
the onsite management of safety, workspaces and waste.
ii) Basis for developing a tailored framework for environmental planning and
management.
When companies lose money when they can't properly allocate resources and
project managers have trouble selecting the best resources for a project, 3D BIM
assists on that.
They can see exactly when certain resources or tools are required. This limits the
need for investment in equipment, materials, and labor. With 4D models, schedulers
can see the entire construction site over time. They can look at all aspects of the
actual build and verify its progress. This allows schedulers to identify
inconsistencies as well. If real aspects of the project don't match the 4D model, they
will notice right away. This prevents backtracking, future delays, or even accidents.
Advantages of 4D BIM
• Improved design documents by testing design against the construction
sequence
• Better site planning and coordination
• Lean Scheduling
• Analysing hold points
• Improved lead time identification for more effective just in time deliveries
• More effective safety issue identification
• Monitoring actual vs planned progress, which helps teams to identify
potential issues more quickly, reducing claims
• Enhanced connection with stakeholders with better understanding
• Reduce crew size
Example scenario:
For instance, a contractor may need to order material depends on the dimensions
of the design. Requesting the material may need to take a few weeks or months. In
the situation that the dimensions change, it may happen when various contractors
are inputting information into a model on a continual basis, the contractor may be
left with deficient time to order the material.
Example scenario:
The company which is executing BIM has to ensure that the suppliers and
subcontractors will lead to management of more information. Besides, mapping
and management of resources is still done in a traditional way. New legal and
construal processes are to be set up for the effective implementation of BIM. The
firm has to choose an experienced and skilled partner that can support with
proficiency, experience, knowledge and resources.
- 5d BIM -
Generally,
2. Prefabrication Solution
4. Trade Verification
5. Cost Planning
6. Value Engineering
5D-BIM provides methods for budget tracking and cost analysis related activities.
Being associated with 3D and 4D, it allows participants to visualize the progress of
their activities, taking into account the conditions of the execution process (e.g.
Imposed by the agreement, like commencement and completion date for the work,
division into phases of the execution and the weather conditions) and also the
related costs over time – costs associated with its implementation.
Benefits provided:
The benefits provided by the integration of BIM with 5D-CAD simulation models
enables the development of more efficient, cost-effective and sustainable
constructions.
List of softwares for 5D modelling:
7. Synchro Professional
4. Productivity increase
5. Real-time data
5D-BIM’s incompatibility with the industry recognized elemental format for cost
planning, which prevents companies from adopting the software. BIM models
currently contain numerous design errors and often have important information
missing from them, which hinders BIM’s use for producing 5D cost services, as the
data is too incomplete or inaccurate to use. (John Boon & Chris Prigg, 2012)
The lack of integration in BIM models decreases the reliability and effectiveness
of 5D (e.g. where each design discipline develops their own BIM model in isolation
from each other). This underlying issue – lack of integration, where parties in the
industry are said to work separately, and as a result this also separates the
information required for BIM. (Bylund, C. & Magnusson, A., 2011)
5. Lack of inter-operability
Cost planning developed gradually, replacing There is no connection between versions as one
each item one by one. estimate is created per page. Binding two variance
could be a difficult process.
Cost information can be replaced gradually so Amount of work in creating traditional estimate is
that the results can be viewed at any time and limited due to the short of time.
creates infinite releases of cost plan.
Model based and automated input Traditional estimation drawing and manual
take-off
Automated input and construction quantities
derived from the 3D model. The quantity take-off is being performed
manually or semi manually, resulting in a time-
consuming process.
Model in 5D cost planning gives visual feedback Cost estimating is paper-based. The input is
for any selected cost item, thus the integration disconnected and doesn’t have any relation with
with the design allow better understanding as to the results and 2D plane or design.
where the cost is being raised.
Provide immediate feedback on each design Comparing versions with one another is not an
decision, much more dynamic and easier solution easy task, any changes in description will make it
to keep budget on track. difficult to find matches between two versions.
Software generates a 3D model, allow easier plan Given physical 2D architectural and structural
and elevation from different directions. drawing.
The cost planning in 5D-BIM becomes part of the Traditional cost estimating is typically performed
design process as it provides cost feedback after the design is completed.
immediately on each design decision made.
Pricing
3D BIM Determinin Calculating elements
g Elements Quantity of cost
plan
4. Lastly, price the quantity for the 3D elements using the date base of pricing.
4. Lastly, complete the estimate by printing the estimated prices on the worksheet.
- 6D BIM -
Generally,
Figure above illustrates the 6D BIM model as mentioned above 6D BIM also known
as the project or building life-cycle management information therefore it can be
clearly seen in the figure that all the elements portrayed from the first step to the
sixth step are regarding about sustainability.
Purpose:
It allows an organisation to understand the methods and the cost for the
sustainability of the project and allocate the finance accordingly.
Advantages of 6D BIM
Using this 6D BIM, it allows the user to show and visual the maintaining
element such as AHU etc quickly without even need to ultilise the space
and able to use those spaces more efficiently
Because 6D BIM software enable the data and repository of the database
to be constantly updated and therefore when referring back to the
building model in the software, it ensures minimum mistake in
gathering required information
It has been proven that in the case studies report by the University of
Southern California that 6D BIM able to save the maintenance time up to
80% as all the element that need to be maintained can be identified
quickly with the software and locating the particular element therefore
wastage of time on finding maintaining element is reduced hence saving
time for the remaining part.
Disadvantage of 6D BIM
i) ii) iii)
Setup cost for 6D BIM software is relevantly expensive to install and also
to hire an expertise or verified trainer to train the people to use this
program, the cost for it is high hence this would be the major
disadvantage of this whole system.
This contribute to the increase of the setup cost because this technology
is somewhat new in the neighbourhood especially in Malaysia hence the
number of existing experts that mastered the software is very less
resulting in less amount of people that able to use this software.
List of software using 6D Bim
1. Autodesk Revit
2. AutoCAD Architecture
3. ArchiCAD
4. BricsCAD
Bim facility management organizes and access information like energy usage or
output about a building in 3D format. The tool, also known as a “model”, is used
to manage buildings or facilities through a custom-made database. Users can
visually “move”, or search the database without requiring the users to understand
the facility in depth.
Evolution of 7D BIM
Before, After,
Before the use of BIM FM, users would Now, users would go to the unit of the
have to get the unit and read the make/ model instead and click on the unit to
model information physically. have access to all information.
Purpose:
The purpose of this model is to provide our clients an innovative solution, while
also making contributions to the construction related technology positively. The
original objective of the 7D model is generally to:
1. Bentley Facilities
Their mission is to create a well maintained campus
infrastructure that is supported and to ensure that
they provide the highest quality of service efficiently
to all of their customers.
2. EcoDomus
4. Onuma System
Onuma is an ecosystem of tools, platforms and services
for buildings, cities and more. It is used for early
planning, through design and construction and into
operations. Onuma allows data to flow in many formats,
to connect and synchronise with other systems well. It is
also does not require any software installations. Data
still flows from the system into cloud, offline
applications, and into others such as Google, Sketchup,
Revit, and more, regardless if it’s online or offline.
ArchiCAD is the most widely used architectural design system. Its 3-dimensional
CAD software is combined as an organic part to cooperate during graphic and
database operations. ArchiFM is able to retrieve a lot of information from existing
floor plans. This speeds up the process of uploading datas and serves as a starting
point for graphic operation.
Advantages to CSCM
Disadvantages to CSCM
Requires professional
This system requires a professional with management
skills that will be able to handle all of the operation and
maintenance of the facility throughout the operation or the
building’s life cycle to prevent any mistakes.
1) Flexibility Changes
Allowing more flexibility through different processes will therefore make even
more changes and transfer into advantages. This can make the Bills of Quantities
to be processed more accurately with the updated cost of the materials in the
industry.
Future Potential
BIM is a relatively new technology especially in the construction sector, an industry
typically slow to adapt to change. Therefore, we feel that BIM proponents claim that
in the near future, it will offer a lot of value in terms of:
1. Improving visualization.
2. Improving productivity via easy information retrieval.
3. Increasing coordination of construction documents.
4. Linking of vital information such as vendors for specific materials, location of
details and quantities required for tendering.
5. Increasing speed of delivery.
6. Reducing overall costs.
Building information modelling can provide the industry with a lot opportunities to
raise the quality of the industry to a much higher level.
Overall conclusion
But most important of it all, it can help us, quantity surveyors to speed up the
estimating process compared to the traditional method. With the development of
technology like BIM, the responsibilities of the professionals are starting to shift.
BIM includes a series of cost management functions that could change the
processes of cost management of construction projects. This benefits us, Quantity
Surveyors to dig deeper into different parts of the cost management process,
and thus, learn more and achieving more. Having the capability to simulate a range
of data options with real-time cost advice and carry on throughout the detailed
design, construction, and operational stages, BIM will surely place construction
practices at a higher value.
- REFERENCES -
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project-phasing
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