Name: ______________________________ Date: _______

Block: ______________________________
TOPIC: Capillarity

I. DATA SHEET
A. Capillary Tube
Hypotheses
a. 50% increase in volume: Yes
b. 50% decrease in volume: Yes
Inner Diameter:
Volume 20 mL 30 mL 10 mL
Height 100 mm 14 mm 9 mm

B. Tissue Paper
Hypotheses
a. 50% increase in volume: Yes
b. 50% decrease in volume: Yes
Time: 30 seconds
Volume 20 mL 30 mL 10 mL
Distance 50 mm 75 mm 47 mm

C. Filter Paper
Hypotheses
a. 50% increase in volume: Yes
b. 50% decrease in volume: Yes
Time: 30 seconds
Volume 20 mL 30 mL 10 mL
Distance 25 mm 26 mm 24 mm

D. Bread
Hypotheses
a. 50% increase in volume: Yes
b. 50% decrease in volume: Yes
Time: 30 seconds
Volume 20 mL 30 mL 10 mL
Distance 15 mm 30 mm 10 mm
II. QUESTIONS/ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
1. In the space below, sketch the shape of the water’s surface in the graduated
cylinder. Label the water, glass, air and meniscus in your sketch.

2. Water is strongly attracted to glass. How does this explains the shape of the
meniscus? Why doesn’t the water climb higher along the glass?
Answer: Based on experiment conducted by the group, no visible meniscus
was observed because they used a plastic graduated cylinder. The adhesive forces
between the container and the water molecules are not that strong that is why
there will be no capillary action that will cause the water to rise and form a
meniscus. However, from information obtained from the web, if a glass graduated
cylinder is to be used, a concave meniscus is to be seen because of the strong
attraction of molecules of waters. In addition to this, the adhesive forces are
stronger than the cohesive forces, therefore, water in a container stick to its wall
and owing to the capillary action rises a little bit and form concave meniscus.

3. What happened when you put the end of capillary tube into the water? If you
want the water to climb up higher, would you use a thin tube or a thick tube?

Answer: It can be observed that the adhesion between the walls of the
capillary tube and water caused an upward force on the liquid. It would be better
to use a tube with a narrow diameter because it will cause the liquid to climb
higher as compared to a wider tube.
4. Is the relationship between the inner diameter and the height of the water linear
or exponential? Consider the ration between each differing diameter and its
respective height.

Answer: The relationship between the inner diameter and the height of the
water is exponential, as evident to the data obtained from the thinnest tube to the
widest tube.

5. Are your hypotheses in A correct? What do you think is the reason behind this
phenomenon?

Answer: Yes, our hypotheses in A are correct. It is basically because as the

liquid increases in depth, the pressure also increases. It can be noted that they
place the capillary tube near the bottom of the container. However, if they place
the capillary tube at the surface of the liquid, the height inside will not change
even if we increase or decrease the volume.
6. Is the distance travelled by the liquid the same in tissue paper, filter paper and
bread? Which one absorbs faster? Why do you think it absorbs faster than the
other material?
7. After the tissue paper, filter paper and bread absorbs liquid from the container, is
there a change in volume? Is the change measurable by the given materials? If
no, explain why. If yes, how much volume of the liquid is absorbed? Show your
computation.
8. After the tissue paper, filter paper and bread absorbs liquid from the container,
did the height of the liquid in the capillary tube change? Support your answer.
9. Are your hypotheses in B, C, and D correct? What do you think is the reason
behind this phenomenon?
Name: ______________________________ Date: _______

Block: ______________________________

TOPIC: Drag and Lift

Weight (grams)
Airfoil Models
Original Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Conventional Airfoil 4g*

Laminar Airfoil 4g*

*our preset weight for the airfoils is approximately 4 grams.

1. Explain the concept of Drag and Lift. Give one real life application and briefly describe the
principle behind it.

2. Compare conventional and laminar airfoils. Give at least 2 examples.

3. Average all of your trials from conventional and laminar airfoils and subtract the average
to their original weights. Which of them had a higher weight difference and what
implication does it show?
Name: ______________________________ Date: _______

Block: ______________________________

TOPIC: Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids

DATA SHEET

Water Cornstarch solution

Visual observations Liquid behavior Liquid behavior

Behavior when submitted to Liquid behavior Liquid behavior

constant stress (weight of hand)

Behavior when submitted to Liquid behavior Solid behavior

sudden stess (flick of a finger)

Drop Test (Did the egg break?) Egg crack Egg didn’t crack
QUESTIONS/ANALYSIS OF DATA

1. What are the difference in behavior of water and the cornstarch solution when (a) exposed
to a constant stress; (b) exposed to a sudden stress.

2. Did the result from the drop test with the water coating had a different outcome with the
drop test with the cornstarch solution coating? Why?

3. Quicksand is a form of Non-Newtonian fluid. Given the data gathered in the experiment,
what is your conclusion on the reason why people get trapped in quick sand. And how do
you propose to avoid sinking in quicksand?
 Name: _________________________________________ Date:______________________________
Year & Block: _________________
OH MY GAS
The state of a pure gas is specified by giving its volume, V, amount of substance (number of
moles), n, pressure, p, and temperature, T. However, it has been established experimentally that it is
sufficient to specify only three of these variables, for then the fourth variable is fixed. That is, it is an
experimental fact that each substance is described by an equation of state, an equation that interrelates
these four variables.
In this experiment, the proponents wish to prove that law of the ideal gas combined in a series
of empirical laws consisting of Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Avogadro’s Law and Combined Gas Laws.
Boyle’s Law states that at constant temperature, the volume of a given mass is inversely proportional to
pressure. Charles’ Law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is proportional
to its temperature. Avogadro’s Law states that the same temperature and pressure, equal volume of all
gases contain equal number of molecules. Combined Gas Law states that the ratio between the pressure
and volume product and the temperature of a system remains constant.
MATERIALS:
 Empty Bottle  Cork  Water  Frying Pan
 Canister  Straw  Portable Stove
PROCEDURE
1. Prepare all of the materials. Make sure you have all what you need.
2. Set up the materials; fill the canister with water, put the frying pan on the portable stove.
3. Get the bottle, and pour a small amount of water in it.
4. Plugged the opening of the bottle with the cork that has a straw in the middle.
5. Heat the bottle above the frying pan until the water within it boils.
6. When the water is already boiling, seal the opening of the straw with water by inverting the bottle and
place the end of the straw to the water located in the canister.
7. And observe what will happen.

QUESTIONS
1. What happened after you placed the tip of the straw into the water? Why do you think it happened?
Answer: It can be observed that the water started to rise from the cannister into the bottle. It happened
because there was a change of temperature that caused the pressure to drop and draw the water inside the bottle.

2. Correlate the ideal gas law with this phenomenon.

Answer: From the ideal gas law, it is evident that the relationship of the pressure is directly proportional
to the temperature. Therefore, As the water inside the bottle is heated, temperature goes up, so does the pressure.
The moles of gas particles begin to rapidly go down to relieve this pressure by leaving out of the glass tubing. The
temperature begins to go down causing the pressure to go down when the heat was removed. Additionally, the
number of moles in the container have been greatly reduced. This causes the volume to shrink dramatically as the
inside of the container attempts to increase its pressure until it is equal to the atmospheric pressure outside.

3. What exactly happened to the properties of ideal gas law when you removed the bottle from the frying pan?
Answer: It is evident from the experiment that as the temperature is increased, the pressure also
increased. This goes to show that the pressure is directly proportional to temperature as it is stated in Gay-
Lussac's Law.
4. What causes the volume to shrink as the inside of the container attempts to increase its pressure?
Answer: The temperature caused the volume of water to shrink in order to give rise in pressure.

5. Among the empirical laws of ideal gases, which is the best that fits to the experiment you’ve done? Explain.
 Answer: Gay-Lussac’s Law is the most suitable law to the experiment conducted. It is evident from the
experiment that the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature at constant volume, which is basically
what the law states.