TEACHER’S GUIDE

21st CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD

(June 25-29, 2018)

Lesson 21stCentury literature from the region where the school is based in relation to the literature of other
regions in various genres and forms in consideration of:
1. various dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to contemporary.
Content Standard The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of 21st century
Philippine literature from the regions.
Performance The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21st Century Philippine
Standard literature from the regions through:
1. a written close analysis and critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of form and
theme, with a description of its context derived from research; and
2. an adaptation of a text into other creative forms using multimedia.
Learning Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing an adaptation of these
Competencies require from the learner the ability to:
1. identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from
pre-colonial to the contemporary
Focus Question What is the contribution of literature in the culture of the Filipinos?
Allotted Time 300 Minutes

Outline

1. Introduction: Recalling the student’s prior learning about literature through recitation.
2. Motivation: Class Activity: Identifying the Elements of Literature by a connected story from one to others.
3. Instruction:
 Discussion on the various dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to contemporary.
 4. Practice: Make a poster that symbolizes the language, culture and literature of the pre-colonial Philippine
Literature.
5. Enrichment: Reflect on the contribution of literature in the language and culture of the Filipinos.
6. Evaluation: Short Quiz

1. References
Materials Marikit Tara A. Uychoco (2017): 21st Century Literature From the Philippines and the World.
2. White board, laptop

PROCEDURE
INTRODUCTION
 Preparation
 Prayers
 Greetings
 Checking of attendance
 Review
 Inform the students about learning competencies and the performance standard of the lesson in order to set the
expected outcomes that the students needed to achieve after the lesson.

 Let the students recall their understanding about literature.

 What is literature?
 What are the elements of literature?

MOTIVATION
1. Identify the elements of literature through a connected story from one to another.
2. With the story connectedly shared from the class identify the elements shown in the story, such as;
a. Settings
b. Characters
 c. Plot
d. Conflict
e. Point of View
f. Theme
INSTRUCTION
 Discussion on:
 Various dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to contemporary.

Pre-Colonial Philippine Literature

 The literature of a formative past by the various groups of people who inhabited the archipelago
 A literature of varying human interest
 Close to the religious and political organizations of the ancient Filipinos
 The verses were addressed to the ears rather than the eyes
 Verses composed and sung were regarded as group property
 Versification:
 Octosyllabic
 Legendary and religious poems
 Dodecasyllabic
 Romance
Examples of Ancient Filipino Poetry
Dalawang Balon
Hindi Malingon
Sa araw ay Bunbong
Sa gabi ay dahon
Riddle (bugtong)
 Made up of one or more measured lines with rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12 syllables
 Showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and keen observation of the surroundings
 Involves reference to one or two images that symbolize the characteristics of an unknown object that is to be
guessed
  Purpose of Bugtong
 To entertain. Living in remote areas, before the advent of electricity, families would sit around the fire and the
elders would quiz the younger generation with riddles.
 To educate. Riddles serve the function of passing down knowledge from one generation to the next. They require
thinking in order to solve them.
 To titillate. Many old Filipino riddles contain double entendres that were intended to amuse the men and shock
the women.
 To curse, without expressly cursing. A riddle could be made up against an enemy, rival town, or suitor.
 To preserve the culture. Riddles communicate the old ways from one generation to the next.
Salawikain & Sawikain
 Epigrams/maxims/proverbs
 Short poems that have been customarily been used and served as laws or rules on good behavior by our
ancestors
 Allegories or parables that impart lessons for the young
 Often expressing a single idea, that is usually satirical and had a witty ending
 Maxims- rhyming couplets (5,6,8 syllables)
Ex of salawikain
 Ang matapat na kaibigan, tunay na maaasahan. - - -You will know a true friend in time of need.
Ex of Sawikain
 kumukulo ang dugo
"blood is boiling" = is very angry
 isulat sa tubig
"write on water" = forget about it
Ex of Maxims
 Pag hindi ukol,
Hindi bubukol.
-means
What is not intended for one will not bear fruit.
BULONG (chants)
 Used in witchcraft or enchantments
  Sa hinaba-haba ng prusisyon
Sa simbahan din pala ang tuloy
Hele hele
Bago kyeme
 Halimbawa (for example):

Tabi, tabi po, Ingkong

Makikiraan po lamang.
Kasabihan (sayings)
 Used in teasing or to comment on a persons’ acutations
 “Catitibay ca tolos
Sacaling datnang agos
Aco’ I momonting lomot
Sa iyo’ I popolopot”
 Nag-almusal mag-isa
Kaning lamig, tinapa;
Nahulog ang kutsara
Ikaw na sana, sinta
 Tanaga
 A quatrain with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line
 No title
 7-7-7-7
 AABB
 Ex. “Tahak ng tingin, tulak
ng sulyap, yakap, lapat
ng titig sa balikat.
hatak pa, kindat, hakat”

 traditional poetry of the Hanunoo Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a
pre-Colonial syllabic writing system called the Surat Mangyan .
  seven-syllable metric lines
 can be composed of more than four lines
 usually chanted
 teaches lessons about life
 recited by parents to educate their children, by the youth to express their love, by the old to impart experiences,
or by the community in tribal ceremonies
Myths
 derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. This refers to a
wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines
 There are many different creation myths in Philippine mythology, originating from various ethnic groups.
 Story of Bathala
 Visayan version
 The legend of Maria Makiling
 Presence of different deities
 Ex. Bathala
 Lakambakod
 Mythical creatures
 Aswang
 Dila
 Diwata
 Dwende
 Tikbalang
 Mankukulam
 Ancient Metrical Tales
 Ifugao – Hudhud hi Aliguyon
 Ilocos – Biagni Lam-ang
 Bicol - Ibalon
 Mindanao – Darangan
 Panay – Hinilawod
 Bagobo - Tuwaang
  Kalinga – Ulaliim
 Manobo – Agyu or Olahing
 Subanon - Sandayo
Ancient Metrical Tales
 Aliguyon
 the exploits of Aliguyon as he battles his arch-enemy, Pambukhayon
 Biagni Lam-Ang
 tells of the adventuresvof Lam-Ang who exhibits extraordinary powers at a very early age.
 Ibalon
 the story of three Bicol heroes: Baltog, Handiong, Bantiong
 Hinilawod
 oldest and longest epic poem in Panay
 the exploits of three Sulodnon demigod brothers, LabawDonggon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap of
ancient Panay
Folk Songs
 a form of folk lyric which expresses the people’s hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles
 repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive
 traditional songs and melodies
 inspired by the reaction of the people to their environment
 uyayi – lullaby
 komintang – war song
 kundiman – melancholic love song
 harana – serenade
 tagay – drinking song
 mambayu – Kalinga rice-pounding song
 subli – dance-ritual song of courtship /marriage
 Tagulaylay- songs of the dead
PRACTICE
1. Make a poster that symbolizes the language, culture and literature of the pre-colonial Philippine Literature.(INSERT
PICTURE)
ENRICHMENT
1. Answer the question “What is the contribution of Literature on the language and culture of the Filipinos?”
2. Make an online research on the canonical artists of Philippine literature.

EVALUATION

A. Answer the following questions.

1-7. what are the purpose of bugtong?

8. What do you call a verse that centers on the legendary and religious poem ?

9. What about a verse that focuses on romance?

10-11. The verses were addressed to the __________ rather than the __________.

12. Give one example of salawikain.

13. Give one example of sawikain.

14. The type of pre-colonial literature which is used in witchcraft or enchanments

15-16. Give two examples of Mythical creatures.

17-18. Give two ancient Metrical Tales

19-20. Two examples o f Folk Songs.