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VII
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[J~Jt I" I) )v
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4 :I'7'§O)il***ll· ~%;"'**llO)~ra"i, 7553-~fj~~*ln=it-:)lv'~0)-c"i7'j <, 1553- tiijt ~~~M'tt4In= I±ll < ~ il*~**O)~%;"'**~;1?n=i"tv', 7jt f) 0)60 5]-ti ijt ~ *if ~ it -o t: 1<fiM:l9:1d:il***m'.iS J: In%jg~m~':~llV'~ 0 ::__ 0) J: ~ ':, imO).:E:ft:ft (: O)f:Jtffl b 1lJ~~ 1:' ~ ~ iJ' G, ~~~O);; '7 A O)~i'fH:ilb-ltl v' ~ v' ~ 7'ji"tv ,11 ~ I~ L'"( v' i: t: ~ i: v' (: ,~, ~ 0 (* 1990~tJ~!, ~ -l:: / )7 - -c'itffl-t ~ ftt4if b ~b -o t: t.:66, _t~c.0) A '7:;.:L -)v b ~J! ~ ht.: .::: (: ~ i3l£Jfb f) L li3 < 0)
it.:, *.-C'~7ELt.:;l:*il*500*'i, B*i'j1f*gg~l*A~Ho)CA I 'J7}-, "Let's learn Nihongo" ~ I) - ;7:,'0) nl*O);l:~j .is J: U' ril*if ~ **m'M~~J (1988) (: b * )i!! L lV' ~ 0) -C', 1:Jt-lt -c itffl -t ~ .::: (: f,)"-c' ~ ~ 0
VIII
Preface
In the field of Japanese language education, memorizing Kanji has largely been entrusted to the students' individual efforts. It goes without saying that a good command of Kanji is necessary to read and write Japanese, and it takes time and persistence to reach the level where students can read and write Kanji fluently. Until now, due to inadequacies in teaching materials, many students have understandably been discouraged by a slow and inefficient learning process. These two volumes have been designed with this in mind and aim to teach Kanji both systematically and effectively.
In these texts, Kanj i are examined according to the following five features.
1) Kanji with complicated shapes
2) Kanji comprised of several components
3) independent characters which both express a meaning by themselves and play an important role in forming other words
4) the combination of Kanji and Hiragana or Katakana in written language
5) characters with several different readings and meanings.
To deal with the areas of difficulty outlined above, it is necessary to give systematic explanations of Kanji as they are presented and to set an attainable goal by selecting a minimum number of basic Kanji for students to memorize.
Instead of memorizing Kanji merely as they show up, these books introduce their origin systematically and show how these characters are used in combination with other Kanji to form words often seen in daily life.
The expectation that students will be able to learn to read and write the basic 500 Kanji by the end of this course is reflected in the following aims:
1) to give a broad explanation of what Kanji are comprised of (i.e. origin, meanings of independent characters, 'ON-KUN readings, calligraphy, radicals, etc.);
2) to help students achieve competence in reading Kanji (including ability to infer the meaning of a Kanji from its construction, analyzing Kanji compounds to arrive at their meanings, etc.);
3) to teach effective ways of memorizing Kanji so that students can make not only perceptive but also productive use of their knowledge.
The 500 basic characters for beginners have been chosen primarily on the basis of how effectively they can achieve the aims described above. The follow-
IX
ing five points have also been important in the selection process.
1) Kanji that clearly represent one concept being introduced In the class have been selected (e.g. pictographs, ideographs and logograms)
2) To achieve competence in reading, verb-Kanji, adjective-Kanji and nominal Kanji which are frequently found in texts and used in daily life have been chosen.
3) In order to teach the concept of radicals, to some extent, each Kanji with a radical has been grouped with others of the same type.
4) Frequently-used Kanji and those characters which are highly useful in forming new words are included. (d. A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage by Gakken, Kanji Used in Recent Newspapers and Words and Kanji Used in 90 Recent Magazines by the National Institute of Japanese Language)
5) Personal and place names, and Kanji that are often confronted In everydaylife are introduced in addition to the basic 500 characters.
We must note here that these 500 characters include some Kanj i which themselves are not so frequently used but are helpful, because they work as elements of many other Kanji. We also must mention that there are some explanations given in this material which are in fact differ from the actual derivation of a certain Kanj i or radical. We have taken this liberty because we feel that these explanations will be more easily understood by students and more effective as aids in memorizing Kanji.
x
How to use these books
The structure of each lesson is as follows:
Unit 1
About Kanji
f--~-- "----- -- -----+-------
Basic Kanji (10~ 12 characters in each lesson)
2-1 Writing Kanji
2-2 Reading Exercises 2-3 Writing Exercises
----------------
Reading Material (From Lesson 11)
Do you know these words? Can you use them?
Unit 2
Unit 3
Kanji in Daily Life
[in it}]
"About Kanji" introduces you to the explanations (derivations, structures, radicals, ets.), the classifications (parts of speech, meanings, situations) and the structures (compounds, affixes) of Kanji. Before each lesson you can pre-read from this section and have some idea about the Kanji you are about to study in the classroom. It is even better if you read these again after covering the characters in class.
[ Unit]
Unit 2 consists of three parts: Writing Kanji, Reading Exercises and Writing Exercises.
In "Writing Kanji" each column introduces the following information about a character. (See example next page.)
XI
entry
meaning
pronunciation
'KUN' reading in Hiragana 'ON' reading in Katakana
stroke
number ~ count
I ilt-r v \J;. < I f-J:J;. ~ ;;f;"'-3~ (1;' < i -))
~)7'1
3~k big, large .t:iB-~\t\
great ~1 ( 3 )
r--..- t t:
! I- 1-* (BB) ~ \t\=* ~ ~ big *'*(t!_\t\ . 1;'<) a university
*W (t..: \t \ . -It-=» ~ important **A(.t:it~) an adult I I l_entry character C stroke order usage examples
Inflectional words are given III their dictionary forms. However, naadjectives are given in their noun modifying forms as Adj-I£.. '( )' shows an uncommon reading. ' - ' connects the stems and their inflectional endings.
In the usage example box, respective readings are enclosed III parentheses
immediately after Kanj i. '*' marks a special way of reading. the Kanji boundaries.
indicates
Firstly memorize the meanings, 'ON-KUN' readings and usage examples. It may help you to copy the stroke order several times as you memorize. When you are ready to read those Kanji, you can move on to "Reading Exercises". Exercise I contains essential readings which you must be able to read. In Exercise n, you can practice reading Kanji in sentences. It is advisable to write the readings down in a notebook and ask your teacher to check them. This will stimulate not only your audio memory but also your visual memory.
XII
After "Reading Exercises" you can practice writing in "Writing Exercises".
In Exercise I, only basic vocabulary which you can write using the Kanji you have studied is listed. Try to associate the meaning and the reading with each character as you write it.
In Exercise II, you will come across characters you have not yet studied in Exercise I. Exercise II has been deliberately organized in this way to accustom you to the structure of Kanji compounds. Here you may need your teacher's help to check that you are writing the Kanji correctly.
1 Unit 31
"Reading Material" starts from Lesson 11. The aim of this is to get you to
read Kanji you learned in the passages. First you will read easy paragraphs containing only learned characters. Practice reading several times until you can read correctly and answer the questions. Gradually the reading material will include more variations (tasks and games). In the later lessons, you are expected to grasp the contents faster or to extract only necessary information from complicated contexts.
The readings have been arranged so that by the end of these lessons, you will feel confident reading passages containing many Kanji.
1 Kanji in Daily UfeJ
It is not necessary to go through these sections with the same speed that other parts of the lessons require. You can take your time to read these. These can also be used as topics for classroom conversation.
After every five lessons there are review sections.
You can also practice these 500 basic Kanji using computers.
NIPPON INFORMATION INDUSTRY CORP. published the Let's Learn Nihongo series in 1988.
The Kanji In these books correspond to the Kanji In Basic Kanji 500 and Kanji Dictionary with Writing Practice of that series.
XIII
INTRODUCTION TO
THE JAPANESE WRITING SYSTEM
There are three kinds of characters in Japanese; Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji. Hiragana and Katakana are characters which represent sounds. Kanji, however, are characters which express not only sounds but also meanings. Japanese sentences can be written either using Hiragana or Katakana only, but this is not the case with Kanji.
Look at the following sentences.
2) ry)7'/I\.::.;f;/"s//T'Ao
3) fL'± B:$:A -C'T 0
The above three sentences express the same meaning: "I am a Japanese", but sentences 1) and 2) are rarely used. Sentence 1) might be used in children's books and sentence 2) in a telegram. Sentence 3) is the one most commonly written in Japanese.
The Kanj i 'fk' carries not only the sound [W A T ASH!] but also the meaning "1". 'B * A' [NIHONJIN] IS the Kanji compound which means "a Japanese". Roughly speaking, the Kanji m Japanese sentences carry certain concepts and Hiragana add the grammatical details to the concepts. It is possible to read Japanese very quickly by picking out the Kanji, thus getting the main concepts of each sentence. Of course, Hiragana are also important in providing understanding of the details of the sentence.
Katakana are used to represent words of foreign origin as in the following.
Sentence 4) means "I am an American." and the part "America" is written in Katakana. Look at the following examples and notice that the original English
XIV
pronunciations are partly changed since the Japanese language has a different sound system from that of English.
71 7.. '7 I) - l: [AISUKURIIMU] Ice cream
t)17..-t- [UISUKII] whisky
TV 1:::' [TEREBI] television
7-),-t [RAJIO] radio
::J./t:_:z_-)7 [KONPYUUT A] computer
77./7.. [FURANSU] France
1 ./ r" [INDO] India
7..~7.. [SUMISU] Smith Kanji were introduced from China nearly 2,000 years ago. Hiragana and Katakana were made up from certain Kanji in order to represent the Japanese syllabary. Hiragana were formed by simplifying the whole shape of certain Kanji and Katakana were formed from a single part of a Kanji. (see below)
Kanji ': fJ 0 ,', [KA] / [KUW A(-ERU)] "to add"
/~
T) =,
Hiragana fJ ') Katakana h
[KA]
[KA]
xv
t< t;
EI ~ (Table of Contents) I
~ I*J :g. iW; =f: p.
L Contents Kanj i for each Lesson
1 Kanj i made from B jj * L1J ) II rn A 0 If ~~
1
Pictures -1- 10
Kanj i made from )( * ~ ± r !J:. ,"!. ':E )t; fJ,.
"f- lO
2 Pictures -2- 10
©i Calendar B·jj·)(·*·*·~·± 19
Numbers - - - 1m 1i _L. --t ». -fL +
- - /'\
- 20
3 S + 7J fII ~ 15
©i Prices/Menu )\Sg5:/ -fli'@: 28
Kanji made from Signs .l; 'r r:p *- + :.t: -* Jt 11 1iiJ
30
4 10
©i At a Station *0 . i!90 . ~to . J¥j0 . AD . tl1 0 ~ C' 37
Kanj i made from IlJj 1* 1* H ~ * ~ ra, -J:IB ,_._.
E 39
5 a Combination 10
Review Lessons 1 - 5 Ll- L50)iW;=f:/ a short story (55) 47
Kanj i made from § It -'¥- JE m tT * ffi! D if- 49
6 Pictures -3- 10
©i Family Names B :.t: A 0) 1'J frJ / 1'J Jlllj (name cards) 57
Kanj i made from IT. ~ ~ s: =f: !f-m It- .~ .~ i!!,
59
7 Pictures -4- 10
©i Kanji Zoo ~.It-'.'$'~'*'.'.'~~~ 66
Kanji for Adjectives -1- *JT ~ {it ~JI -Er W: f5: Bff ~ ~'
raJ 67
8 10
©i Kanji Game 1 *idJ - r" c iW;=f::fJ - F(%:g.~1l] : adjectives) 75 XVII
8J I*J ~ icl * p.
L Contents Kanji for each Lesson
Kanji for Verbs -1- fT =* 1ffi- jt ~ ~ IifJ ~± ~ ~i5
,iJL E3 77
9 ~ fX 12
©I Kanji Game 2 *J:.iJ - F ticl*iJ - F(tJJ~pJ : Verbs) 85
Kanji for Time M 'Ei- 11<: B5E Iy 15 -'f M f~ 'ffi:
87
10 j!J. iii 12
Review Lessons 6-10 L6- L 10(7) icl* (Adj. and Verb] (109) 94
Radicals -1- 11' ilk ill! ifiJ: i@ f'!f fX a~ a l';t
98
11 (left and right) Cili fifi 12
PO
©I Radical Game 1 r ""/V J + '-:J<VJJ If-]._" 107
Radicals -2- ':t ~ ~ * !R: ~ A ~ T T
.±:. xx =1 ~
(top and bottom) ~ 108
12 - 12
f't!. 7C
©I Radical Game 2 'ip/V u VJ J + '~LJ If-]._" 116
Radicals -3- It rn OC m :Jt :00 ~ 00 @] I!I 1171
[13 (enclosure, etc.) rm M 12
©I Shop names A~·~~·A~~·.rn·~~~~ 125
Radicals -4- j!]: '±- J! j/I j]! - BFj ~ ~ t~
~ ~
126
14 (meaning+ sound) filJ if:k 12
©I Weather map BFjn· < b IJ • f:f:j • ~~ t'/:!'Il!.~ 134
Kanji for 1X. 5( -a 52. ~$ ~ tl* :t:: ~ fit
Human Relationships :£ ~ 135
15 12
Review Lessons 11-15 L11- L15(7)icl*/ (Radicals] (169) 144
Kanji for Adjectives -2- 5t ~ ;ff ~ :m w 1~ 'f1J /F ~ 147
16 -!f!. 'It 12
©i At the Hospital 1*Jf4 . )ttf4 . IH~f4~ t"/~ 156 XVIII
~~* I ----------_ .. _- -------- ----- -- ------------ --------_---
rAJ 'ff ?A '{: p.
LI Contents Kanj i for each Lesson
Kanji for Verbs -2- I±l A. 3ft ~~ {f i~ @ ;t:: ~ 11::.
158
17 Movement ,11 1fJJ 12
I©l Road Signs 11::. i h . l~W . illHT~11::. . ~j]l7'j c' 167
Kanji for Position 15 ti * jffi ~t Jt )t} r*J l}~ .~R
1'J Il7t 168
18 12
r--r-----~-------
© Rooms for Rent ~Jt . fti: . tLi:7'j c"/GJ}]~1~~ 176
1-
Suffixes -1- : Places !tl!. $~ I j:~ ~ Rfll 0 [IJ ft pff
19 Affixes -1-: Places I' r-r 179
? 12
~L_~_~_~~-ing a Map ~~·m~·~·~~~·I~·~tl7'j~ 188
c--- --~- f----
Administrative rtf lIlT H [R t~ rff ~ 1i1J ~ t~
190
20 Divisions 10
_------- -- --
Review Lessons 16-20 L16- L200)il:f:/(Word Structuret 1 )J(227) 198
~ --------_--- --- ~
Kanji for Verbs -3- ~ 'gJ MI ~~ M 1'E (,,7] 'Jli F,,~ ~
EEl
201
21 SURU Verbs ~ 1B 12
<=l
----
© Radical Game 3 il:f: 7" 0 "; :7 *Jl. h. st. -c T' - j,. 211
i& 76 g B~ ~ 9: W it JJ_ H 212
Kanji Compounds -1-
22 fx !2S 12
© I At the Bookstore H~·g~·$.·I~7'j~O)~.~~ 221
* {fwll ~ < I, \ Iv (_t~ffl) Reading Index (for Vols.l) 223
* il:f:l'iHI&{fwll ~ < I,\1v Kanji Index with ON-KUN Readings 229 XIX
Lesson 1
I ~~1~' I
1.:1.= 'Y J-. 1 1--1 ---5l*0)(1/l ~ (About Kanji)
~ 11) b"t-' ~ t.:5l* - 1 - (Kanji made from Pictures - 1 -)
The ancient Chinese drew pictures of various things around them. These pictures have gradually been simplified and have taken on a square shape to make them easier to write. This is how the present Kanji characters developed. Each Kanji, therefore, carries a specific meaning.
Look at the following picture.
<, I /
-G-
/1 <,
Guess the meanings of the Kanji characters below.
l.LlJ
2. )11
3. EB
4. * 5. B
6. Jj
7. A
8. 0
9. _ij[
10. r~
-1-
Lesson 1
These Kanji characters were made from very primitive pictures as follows.
Usually each Kanji has at least two ways of being read; the so-called 'KUN YOMI' (Japanese reading) and 'ON YOMI' (Chinese reading).
Picture
-
, J .,/' I
-6- - -8-- e-
./ I '
~-.2~- 19-
~-*-:K~-6-LiJ-
-' - ((( -
- m-
- A-
Kanji
'KUN'
Meaning
'ON'
B
[NICHI]
sun
day
[GETSU] moon
month
*
[MOKU] tree
[BaKU]
[SAN] mountain
JlI
( [SEN]) river
EE
t:
[DEN] rice field
A
[JIN] man
[NIN] person
D
[KOU]
mouth
[SHA]
car
[MaN]
gate
* ( reading is rarely used.
When a single Kanji is used alone as a word, we usually read it by its 'KUN YOMI' (Japanese reading) which gives its meaning. When Kanji are used together with other Kanji to make a word, we often read them by their 'ON YOMI' (Chinese reading) . Generally speaking, however, the way of reading Kanji should be decided according to each individual word.
-2-
Lesson 1
2 - 1 . 51*(J) jJ) 15 jJ) t~ (Writing Kanji) < ~ 'lA(J)}v-}v (Basic Rules) >
Rule 1 : Make every Kanj i the same size and balanced within a square.
Example. X 18 I~I§} 0 181~11~
Rule 2: Follow the basic stroke order.
0) Write from left to right.
-
(2) W ri te downward. II
(3) Draw strokes from the top to the bottom as follows. ~l
-2
~3
(4) Draw strokes from the left to the right In the following
order.
123
J I H
(5) Draw a square in the following way.
1 2 3
H r1l g
(6) When there is a figure in the square, the line which closes
the square is drawn last.
1 2
U r=r
5
EB
-
d. When a stroke line passes through a square, draw that
3
rm
4
FA
stroke last. 1
q
3
~
-
Rule 3: There are three basic ways to end a stroke.
CD Stop
----!t~
~I~
@ Stretch :.-*.;
@ Hook
-3-
Lesson 1
2
iW;* v \;j.;. <1vJ:ch- :t:"'-3~ (;Q' < T -) )
8 sun If/-U' .:::..'::;-/:::..
day ;Q' ( :; ')) ( 4 )
1 n R 8
B (l}) the sun, a day B BM B U: ~ . J: -) . ey) Sunday
3 B (ch- -:> . ;Q') the 3rd day B~U: . (ilv/':-:> . (i°lv) Japan
~ moon -=>~ 'f')
month 7f') ( 4 )
} n ,fj f1
Jl (-=> 2-) the moon, a month 1 ((, \ -:> ) 1.)' J1 Uf-=» one month
Ji ij1 B (~f-=> • J: -) . eY) Monday 1 Ji ((,)~ . ;Q'-=» January
~ tree 2- -=E:7
( 4 )
- t t I;K
* (2-) a tree *B1l B (<b < . J: -) . ey) Thursday
*H (2- . u G) a Japanese surname
~--r- - ~----------- -- '--~-I
J.J mountain -?i -IT:"'- /_-If':"'-
( 3 ) I
1 J_ tlJ I
L!J (-? ;t) a mountain ',%±LlJ (~ . t . ~ Iv) Mt. Fuji
L1JT (-'? i . L t-.:) a Japanese surname )([LJ(1p· ~"Iv) a volcano 3
4
- 4 --
Lesson 1
5
;w;~ 'vlJ.;. <A._J::J.;. ::t/3~ (-I)' < T -7 )
f---
) I I river tl'h/ -iJ{tJ
( 3 )
) ) I ) I I
}II ( iJ' h ) a river IHII (.8 . iJ'h) a brook, a stream
71 )vJII(~v'~ . iJ'h) the Nile River
83 rice field t::./-t:: -r : I
( 5 )
, n m FFJ E3 I
tE (t::.) Iv II a rice field LlJtE(-'V'J: . t.!.) a Japanese surname I
tEJ:jJ (t::. . ~iJ') a Japanese surname 7.KtE(Tv,···C'Iv) a rice field
A man LtC V·'./
person .::./ ( 2 )
) A_
!
A ( Lt c) man, a person ll:.tA U.:: • IV" . t Iv) a Japanese
*lA(Ltc·1)) one person 3 A ( ~ Iv . ,.:: Iv) three people
i
-- ----- ~-.----- --- ~.----
0 mouth < t)/ - ('f:>
\ n 0 . --tl_-
.~ __ L_.. __ .. __ _____ __
D ( < -s) a mouth tHD (-C' • <"S)
A [J (v ,1) . <" S ) an entrance Au (tlv . -=-
_----_ -----_-_ -_ 6
7
8
( 3 )
an exit -7) population
-5-
Lesson 1
10
il* Iv \ J.J- <1vJ:J.J- :t/3~ (;Q' < -t -) )
!f- car <7.:>i ~""
( 7 )
- - - - § § !f!
\ 17 R
-
lfi: ( < 7.:> i) a car ~_Ef( (--C' /: • L ~) a train
§iJ.f~q t . c"-) . L ~) a car, an automobile
F9 gate -1:/
( 8 )
J r r p pi P1 r1 r9
r~ ( ~ Iv) a gate
wr~ (-it Iv . ~ Iv) a specialty 9
-6-
Lesson 1
2 - 2. J: h nit, ~ ~ oj (Reading Exercises)
I. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
1.*
2. :ij!:
3. Jj
4. p~
5. B
6. A
7. 0
8. ill
9. )11
10. ill
11. A 0
12. ill ill ~ Iv
II. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
1. B Hi B
.to
2. Jj Hi B
J;o
3. * iii B
J;o
4. B ~
liA-
5. ~ J: -7 Li 3 Jj 1 5 B -C°To Today is the 15th of March.
6. dtJO)A'illJJII~Iv-C'To That man over there is Mr. Yamakawa.
7. ill)11 ~ /: 'i B ~A -CoT 0 Mr. Yamakawa is a Japanese.
IJA-
8. dtJO)llHHAi&:ill-C°T 0 That mountain over there is
')( It
Mt. Tsukuba.
9. :. 0))11 'i;fljt~)11 -CoT 0 This river is the Tone River.
/: t.l
10. )11 ill ~ 1v00WP~ 'i:ij!:-C°T 0 Mr. Kawada's specialty is cars.
itA-
-7-
Lesson 1
2 - 3. 1J) ~ tLA, L ~? (Writing Exercises)
I . Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. a tree 2. a man 3. a mouth 4. the sun 5. the moon
D D D D D
~ O't < -IS 0' -::>~
6. a river 7. a mountain 8. a rice field 9. a car 10. a gate
D D D D D
7J'V -'(>1 t: <G1 <tlv -8-
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. January
5. May
9. September
13. a train
17. Mt. Tsukuba
$A rltD
-? < Ii' ~ Iv
21. a Japanese
2. February
6. June
10. October
3. March
7. July
11. November
Lesson 1
4. April
8. August
12. December
1 2 D
14. Sunday 15. Monday 16. Thursday
18. Mt. Fuji
22. Mr. Yamada
19. population
t< J:-j (j
20. a specialty
23. Miss Yamakawa 24. the Tone River
-9-
Lesson 2
1;g2il
~1.p6 ~~ t.:5l* - 2 - (Kanji made from Pictures - 2-)
Look at the following picture. Each drawing indicates a certain meaning.
Guess the meaning of the Kanji characters below.
1. )(
2. 17:.
3. ~
4. ~
5. -f-
7. ±
8.71<.9.)fG
- 10-
Lesson 2
These Kanji characters were made from very primitive pictures as follows.
Remember that each Kanji has its 'KUN YOMI' (Japanese reading) and 'ON
YOMI' (Chinese reading).
Picture - Kanji 'KUN' 'ON' Meaning
\'!JE/ \ ?,J ~~ 1<
~ ~ <: ~ [KA] fire
1'1 c, I p )J~
'" 'I j) 71< .h-f' [SUI]
crt! '\) ~ d 5 '\) ~ ~ water
'"
~ ~ ~ fit gold
~ :Jjj_~ I ~ id:t [KIN] money
- 0 0_
metal
±r ±~ ±~ ± ground
~ ":>~ [DO] earth
soil
~ ~ !8-~ -j-- ~ -=f ~ [SHIJ child
'-
T ~ 1:- ~ 1r: ~ tc i>/vTj [JO] woman
female
~ <- I > ,,) ~
~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ (iTj-~) [GAKU] study
~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ j:_ v)- ~ l.:> [SEIJ live
-7 - i nl.:> birth
~ ~ fr_
~ 7t
~ _)u ~ )G ~ ~~ [SEN] foregoing
<:;)Ivn previous
Usually the 'ON YOMI' (Chinese reading) of Kanji will be written using
Katakana in a Kanji dictionary. Therefore, students are expected to learn Kata-
kana as soon as possible after mastering Hiragana. -11-
Lesson 2
~~ ';J " 21 ~=~O) ~ '~A~* (Basic Kanji)
2 - 1 . ~* 0) tr ~ 11) t: (Writing Kanji)
fJ' <
< ~ 'IAo)jOO (Basic Strokes) >
(1) a horizontal line
It \-t::> ~-t::> <~i
e.g. -- ;t. -'-
(2) a vertical line
;/pv ~-t::> -t'i
e.g. ) I , .t. LL
(3) a slanting line
(}t ~ ;0';f;J.
e.g. A ~ ~
(4) a short hook
~~ ;Jj.f· ~
'-
e.g. fj JK t
(5) a long hook
2~ ~~-J ..:...:.;:,
e.g, tc 1L t~
(6) a corner
<-t::> -t'i J3A.,lJ: vt.:.L
e.g. 0 t.L -9: :fA.
(7) a dot and various short lines
(} ;0'< ;0';f;J. -1i"P
* r+ .c-, !£
e.g. t 5Q. - 12-
Lesson 2
11
iW;* ") J;, <A.-J:J;, :t/3~ (iJ' < T -? )
)( fire i» tJ
( 4 )
, \/ y/ 'J(
)« l}) fire }(LlI(;7J'· r:"lv) a volcano
}(8fi B (7J' . J: -? • r_Y) Tuesday }(~(iJ' . t) a fire
JK water J;,T Ai
(4 )
J 1J 1Y 1K
71< (J;, T) water ;j(H:! (Tv) . -C'A.-) a rice field
*BMB (Tv'· J:-) . (J') Wednesday
i- gold, money iJ';f;l .::t-/
metal (8 )
/ /'.- c-: c-: l' ~ ~ i-
-
J:j \i;: (iJ';f;l) money {fi: ( ~ A.-) gold
1i)::E!3(;7J';f;l. tD a Japanese surname {t:1li B ( ~ A.- . J: -) . (_}') Friday
.L ground -J"S r"
earth, soil ( 3 )
- t ±
t (":) "S) the ground ±* (c" . 'l <) civil engineering
±1lM B (c" . J: -) . (J') Saturday 12
13
14
- 13-
Lesson 2
iW;* v \ J.;. <A-J:J.;. ;f/3~ (7)\ < T -? )
15 f child ~ ~
'-
( 3 )
-7 ...., t
) T (:..) C' 'b a child
3c (.t3 A- t;t) 0) T (:..) a gi rl
16..-L- woman >Z female
(3 )
3c (.t3 A- ~) a woman
3c (.t3A-~) 0) A it» t) a woman
1&f;( (7)\0) • L J:) she
study
ii7/ii"J-
(8 )
,
"f:'E. (iJ{ < . -l:tv \) a student 1.:."f: U::v \ . 7){ <) a university
"f:fX (7){ -:) • :.. -7) a school
18 1-
live birth
( 5 )
!£ (v·) ~ ~ to live
tf. ( -7 ) 1 n ~ to be born
7t:1: (it A- • it v·) a teacher "f:'E. (7){ < . itv.) a student
- 14-
Lesson 2
19
i~* v) J.;. <1vJ:.J.;. :;t/'3~ (7';' < T -?)
7t previous ~~ -e/'
foregoing ( 6 )
} J.- * .B:- 1}- jt
)'G (~ ~) ahead )'G}I (-tt Iv . ~f'-:» last month
)'G~ (-tt Iv . -ttv)) a teacher
;f~ private bt::.L ~
bt::.< L (7)
./ ./ f ;f * ~L. -tb.
-
f.L. (bt::. L/bt::. < L) I
f.L.JT.:X,,* ( L . VJ -:> • t:.v) . 7';{ < ) a private university 20
-15-
Lesson 2
2 - 2. J:h:hA L, ~? (Reading Exercises)
I. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
2. 1'-
3. ix.
4. -)(
5.71<
6. _i:
7. ±
8. YJ iii B
);7
9. -)( iii B
);7
10. 71< iii B
);7
11. * iii B
);7
12. i: iii B 13. ± iii B 14. B iii B 15. lit- tt 16. JIG tf:
~) ~) ~?
II. Write the readings of the following Kanj i in Hiragana.
6. ct?O)ix.1'-lit-ttL± 2 1 "('T 0 That girl student is 21 years old.
7. ;fl.O)tt~YJ B Ii 1 9 6 0 ~ 3 Jj 1 1 B "-CTo My date of birth is
Q~ Q~
the 11 th of March 1960.
-16-
Lesson 2
2 - 3. 1J) ~ nit, L, liP oj (Writing Exercises)
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. I 2. a student 3. a woman 4. a child 5. a teacher
0 [I] 0 0 [I]
vt:.L fj\< -t!"t, ;t.;lvl;t. - -t!" Iv -t!"t,
-
6. money 7. water 8. fire 9. the ground 10. gold
130 0 0 0 0
fj';Q /;1.1" 0- "?~ '{slv - 17-
Lesson 2
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. Monday
2. Tuesday
3. Wednesday
4. Thursday
5. Friday
6. Saturday
7. Sunday
8. a woman
9. a girl
10. a girl student
11. a university 12. a fire
13. the date of one's birth
14. a rice field
CD
15. a private university
16. my teacher
18. Mr. Kaneda 19. Miss Tsuchida 20. a gold car
17. ahead
- 18-
Lesson 2
C--~] ~ ~ -r \, \ * 9jJ) _ -r ~ * 9 iJ) [_________________j
(Do you know these words? Can you use them?)
< 11 V :/ /}' - (A Calendar) >
Questions
:2 J'J
0 v 0
0 (l "
0
,0
n
o
.- - -- - --- --- - - - -- -- --- - ---
Ll )J 'J( * ;;+.: 1i l;
2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 - 19-
lesson 3
I t:l' ~ Iv tJ, I
m3~
I~= \/ " 1 I ~*0)'1~ L, (About Kanji)
"t? t;
Ji* (Numbers)
Abstract ideas like numbers are indicated with the fingers and other
signs. Look at the following signs. " " is the Hiragana ending.
--:J
Sign - Kanji 'KUN' 'ON' Meaning
:1F- -:::::=::=:' - -- - U: (: -"':) [ICHI] one
-:ffS - =:S. - - ,4,. t: --:J [NI] two
~ - §f!: - - h- "J--:J [SAN] three
~~2+2- 5t - vg - pq J: "J --:J [SHI] four
~+2- 4ff - :R - 1i It ~ "':) - "':) [GO] five
MW3t; ~ \
)~ ____L_ tr "J -"':) [ROKU]
- - /'\ SIX
~+~ =~ - t - -t 7j: 7j:--:J [SHICHIJ seven
1\::4~~- J\.... - )\ -? "J --:J [HACHIJ eight
/~- ;t - ii: - JL .::. .::. 0)-"':) [KYUU] nme
~";+- [KU]
+ - + ti> [JUU] ten - 20-
Lesson 3
2 - 1 . 51*0) tp ~ 11') t: (Writing Kanji)
21
iW;* Iv \ J;. <1vJ.J;. ;f/3:;, (i.p<-t-))
one t» t _"':) 17-
- ( 1 )
v-t
-
- (0' t)"':) one (thing) --)j (Iv \ -t . ;Q{'"':)) January
-ACU·t . ~) one (person) -if: (Iv\ -t . b.1v) one year
- two Js. i: _"':) -
-
- Js.t.:. ( 2 )
- -
-
= (Js.t.:.)"':) two (things) =)j U: . ;Q{'"':)) February
= A ( Js. i: . V) ) two (people) = if: U: . tJlv) two years
- three J;.? -"':) -lj-/
-
- ( 3 )
- - -
- -
-
=(J;.?)"':) three (things) ~Ji (~Iv . ;Q{'"':)) March
~ B (J;.? . ;Q') the 3rd day, three days =if:(~Iv' b.1v) three years 22
23
~ 21 ~
Lesson 3
24
i~* v ) h- <A.,J:h- :t/3~ ('/)'< -9-))
[9 four J: -:J --:J '/
J:A.,/J: ( 5 )
\ n Vl vq {!9
1m (J: -:J) -:J four (things) Illi:¥ (J: . tlA.,) four years
1m B (J: -:J • ip) the 4th day 1m Ji (L . 7J{-:J) April
Ji five t; )-:J--:J ':]"
v )-:J ( 4 )
- r 11 :E.-
E: (v)-:J)-:J five (things) li Ji (::' . iJ{ -:J ) May
li B (V)-:J • iJ') the 5th day li:¥ (.::_" . tl A., ) five years
_.l- six U -:J --:J 07/0-;1-
/'\ ( 4 )
\ ~ ~ >-
J / ,
~(u-:J)-:J six (things) ~Ji (0 < • 7J{-:J) June
*~B (ut;)· 7J') the 6th day ~:¥ (0 < . *d_ A., ) six years
~ seven 7j: 7j:--:J '/-r
7j:7j: ( 2 )
-- --t:
--t ( 7j: 7j ) -:J seven (things) --t Ji (L i? . 7J{-:J) July
* --t B (7j: 0) • 7J') the 7th day --t:¥ (L ~ . tlA.,) seven years 25
26
27
- 22-
Lesson 3
28
iW;* It) J;. <1vJ::J;. ::t/3~ (1;'<-9-))
J\. eight ,,\->-::>-0 }\-T /}\ "J-
( 2 )
/ 1'-
J\(,,\->-::»0 eight (things) J\Ji Oi i? . 1;t0) August
* J\ B ( J:: -) • 1;') the 8th day J\1f: (Ii i? . b.1v) eight years
+: nine -.:. -.:. (/)-0 7
::"::"(J) +..:z..7 ( 2 )
) 1L
1L(-':'-':'(/))0 nine (things) 1LJi « . 1;t0) September
:fL B (-.:. .: (/) . 1;') the 9th day :fLB(~ f9> -J . U'~ <) 900
+ ten cJ:) :/::1..7
:;"Y -/:/::1.. ';J- ( 2 )
- +
+(cJ:)) ten (things) + Ji (t f9> -) • 1;t0) October
+ B (c J:) • 1;') the 10th day +1f:(tf9>-J . b.1v) 10 years
8 hundred ~ -1' 7/-1:::'1'7/-1:::'-1' 7
- -r: T n ~ 8
= B U:: . U' ~ < ) 200 ~B(1:>-::>·U~<) 600
=B U_s Iv . lJ'~ <) 300 J\ B (Ii -::> . U ~ < ) 800 29
30
31
- 23-
Lesson 3
32
i~* \t) J;.. </.._t_J;.. :t/'3~ (ii' < T -J )
-1- thousand t::> -e/'/--t:'/,
( 3 )
./ ./ 1-
-
+~ (i::J . Lf) Chiba Prefecture -=1- ( ~ /: . -It'Ie,) 3,000
+Pl (-tt Ie, • ;{_/.._) a thousand yen
7j ten thousand 7/'
all, every ( 3 )
- - 7j
J
-lJPi(\t)i::J' ilv' ;{_Iv) ten thousand yen
slJA((}JI;o < . ilv' 1:1v) one million people
Pl circle .I./'
yen ( 4 )
I n rJ fJ
Pi (;{_Ie,) a circle, yen BPi ('{} JI;o < . ;{_ Ie,) 100 yen
_li + Pi (-::" . -tt /; . ;{_ /: ) 5, 000 yen
if- year tl ~, /'
age ( 6 )
J )- ~ )-- t:= ~
r .l--
iF(tL.) a year, an age :i-iF(~J: 'P_/"_) last year
iF__t (t L . -J;{_) elder *iF (i? \t) • P_/.._) next year 33
34
35
- 24-
Lesson 3
2 - 2. J:JJ.nA,~IiP? ( Reading Exercises)
Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana. (Read vertically from
the right.)
n I
}\ 1:: __j_.. Ii + -JL }\ 1:: [!]
/,
, , ,
~ t: ~ cfi; ~ ill B
'- '-
jj (J) jj J: -JL jj ~ (J) (J) EB 7J P1
1:: < t: -7 J\ - 1;;1 ill $: 7'G 1::
-
B I: B Ii t: B Ii Ii ~ T
Ii (J) Ii -JL $ B [!] (J) P1
i: A r jj __j_.. T + $ -
/, ,
J: 0 c' -JL + ;< i: Ii __j_..
-7 Ii b B [!] t: ) 7J [!] t; /,
- T
B __j_.. (J) (J) , B r P1 +
/, -JL
-C' T B 7}( 0 __j_.. -C' }v -C' -JL [!]
/, B
Ii 7J -C' J: - jj T -C' T -C' lJ'
- P1
cfi; A T J 0 T 0 T jj
1) (' 0 B - + 0 0
-
i G -C' [!] [!]
-1t v' T __j_.. B __j_.. -
/, /, -
-
Iv -C' 0 -JL , ,
0 T I J\ __j_..
/,
0 J\ $ B
P1
Ii I. 1. ¥100 2. ¥6,900 3. ¥600
4. ¥17,000 5. 4 months 6. 8 years
7. Professor Yamada's age is 49.
8. This car costs ¥450, 000.
9. That mountain is 2,000 meters high.
10. One year has 365 days.
n. 1. the 3rd of March 2. the 24th of June
3. the year 1985 4. 03-3469-8251
5. Today is Wednesday the 9th of September.
6. The 5th of May is Children's Day.
7. The population of this country is about 60,000,000,
8. The 7th of February is not Friday. - 25-
Lesson 3
2 - 3. tJ'l ~:hlt, L ~? (Writing Exercises)
Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
II. I.
12. 8. 5. 1. 10. 1.
D~ FU ~" 1= D; D~
~
v- t.;:
-'(' fill
< oj 2.
;t 11. D':
1= Iv D~
t.;:
fill
oj 3.
;t 2. Dr
13. 9. Iv ~ 12.
EJ~ BI Iv Dx
If 4.
-'('
< DL
;t
6. Iv
Ii 13.
') l' 5.
1.J is D="
-'(' 3.
< ;s *
14. 10. < A-
D'~ [1: ~"
~ j_ 6.
t.;: -It A- D;)
fill Iv <
iJ). oj ;t
;t Iv
D~' Iv 14. 7.
-It D~
Iv
7. 4. ~
J: Ii fill
11. Iv is oj 8.
Ff v- D~
i: i: i: -'('
Iv Iv <
;t ;td.
IJ '" Iv
'" Iv 9.
-It D<
Iv
;t
Iv - 26-
Lesson 3
27. 24. 21. 18. 15.
D~ t.:: t. p
l., ~ "t;, t. "t;,
-)
1;1 0) 1;1 1;1 1;1 1;1
--::> --::> --::> --::> --::>
-t:t C: ~ J: --::>
I: p to (f) --::J P
t.:: tJ i:
~ Iv 1;' 1;' 1;' "t;,
-)
l 1;1
"t;, --::J
I: 25. 22. 19. 16.
rJ t.::
"t;, ~ Ii ~" I:
"t;, ~
-r: Lt -)
p 1;1 1;1 1;1
T "t;, --::> --::> --::>
-t:t
0 Iv 1;1 J: P .b
~ --::> -) --::> --::>
~
-) 1;' 1;' 1;'
V'
-'(0
<
;S
< 26. 23. 20. 17.
t.:: t.:: ;S ~
~ ~ <
-) -) < Iv
~" I: 1;1 1;1 1;1
--::> --::> --::>
tJ 1;1 :: tJ' l;,
Iv --::> :: p --::J
(f)
1;' 1;' 1;' 1. ¥20 2. ¥300 3. ¥6,000 4. ¥80,000
5. ¥520 6. ¥850 7. ¥47,000
8. 10 years 9. 100 years 10. one person 11. two people
12. three people 13. four people 14. one month
15. the 1st of January 16. the 2nd of February 17. the 3rd of March
18. the 4th of April 19. the 5th of May 20. the 6th of June
21. the 7th of July 22. the 8th of August 23. the 9th of September
24. the 10th of October 25. November 26. December
27. My date of birth is the 27th of April 1965. - 27-
Lesson 3
(Do you know these words? Can you use them?)
'(> .t. '(>
I. )\am (At the Greengrocer's)
l. I) A., =' (an apple) 'i, ~':) It· < G -C'T 7,)'0
2. J.;_7J'A., (an orange) 'i, ~':)It· < G-C'T7J'o
3. ~t'-) (grapes) 'i, ~':)It· < G-C'T7J'o
4. TIt'7J' (a watermelon) 'i, ~':)It· < G-C'T7J'o
5. /\TT (a banana) 'i, ~~ (1t·-'_)'1'A.,) It·< G-C'T7J'o
6. ~ vP -) I) (a cucumber) 'i, ~~It. < G-C'T7J'o
7. 1- "7 1- (a tomato) 'i, ~':) It· < G -C'T 7J'0
8. ,:A., LA., (a carrot) 'i, ~~It. < G-C'T7J'o
9. t: i ;/d. ~" (an onion) 'i, ~':) It· < G -C'T7J'o
10. ;f--v""'J (acabbage) 'i, ~':)It·<G-C'T7J'o
~ 28-
Lesson 3
'i'
II. f ,j:°m (In a Japanese Noodle Shop)
~
-»
;p
-t-J too
Lflv
t:
B p:j
t: ih. ~
-t-J t'
Lflv
t:
B p:j
7(. ~ G
-t-J too
'flv
JL B p:j
'b V) -t Lf thin buckwheat noodles served on a bamboo tray
-J t'lv thick white noodles served on a bamboo tray
ip't- noodles in hot soup
~ ~;p - noodles wi th fried bean curd, served in hot soup
(~ ~;p means 'a fox' and it is believed that fried bean curd is the favorite food of the fox.)
t: ih. ~ - noodles with bits of deep-fried tempura batter, served In hot
soup
(t:. ih. ~ means 'a badger.')
noodles with an egg, served In hot soup (jj M means 'moon-viewing.')
soup
noodles with fried vegetables and prawns, served in hot
Ji:ilt(L" ~) L., J: <) the daily special, usually served with a bowl of rice, soybean soup and some pickled vegetables
- 29-
Lesson 4
I t: t ' J:. Iv tJ) I
~4~
1.:1= 'Y " 1 I )I*o)'i~ L, (About Kanji)
~ :.,,-')
~c~1J') S ~~ t;:.)1* (Kanji made from Signs)
Abstract ideas which are impossible to illustrate are indicated with the
help of points and lines. Look at the following.
Sign - Kanji 'KUN' 'ON' Meaning
• _L .L __l -j,Z [JOU] above
--+ --+ --+
up
• --+ ~ --+ T --+ T Lt..: [GE] under
down
$ --+ ~ --+ 9 --+ qt ~1J' [CHUU] middle
inside
* --+ * --+ :*: --+ * .f:3.f:3- ~ v' [DAI] big
# --+ 0 --+ J J \ --+ IJ\ i?v'-~v' [SHOU] small
o 0
, -* * root
--+ --+ * be [HON] origin
book
9f --+ * --+ 4- --+ ¥- (~1J'- Lf) [HAN] half
-r- --+1;' --+ 71" --+ 7t b-ttl.> [FUN] divide
6P--+kJ; /J [BUN]
--+ --+ tJ i? 1J' G [RYOKU] power - 30-
Lesson 4
36
il* v' c;7j. <1vJ:.c;7j. :t/'3'2, (7')'<T-))
.r, above, on -),Z iliJ -;I» 6 0),;r-6 V" 3 '7
up, superior i10-lf6 ( 3 )
) }- .r.
J:. ( -) ,Z) above. on J:. (O),;r) 6 to go up
J:. (i10) ;1»6 to go up, to rise J:. -=f ( L J: -) • -r") 7'j skillful
"T under LJ: ~-;I»6 < t!..- 6 'fJ
down. inferior ~ -lf6 If ( 3 )
- T l'
T( Lt-.:) under :f1hT Cs . ;I).) under ground
l~ ( ~ ) ;I» 6 to go down T*Of· L-t')T6 to get off
t middle 7'j ;I). T::L'7/-Y::L'7
inside ( 4 )
\ n p cp
9J ( 7j: ;I).) inside - B 9J (v.-t? . ;: -s . t ~ -) ) all day long
9J~ (-s ~ -) . ;I)' < ) = 9J~tx (-s ~ -) . ;I)' -:J • ::. -) ) a junior high school 37
38
- 31-
Lesson 4
39
iW:* 'v \ J.;. <1v.t.J.;. :t/3~ (]j' < T -) )
k big, large .}).})-~'v\ )'''1
great :$'1 ( 3 )
- t K
:k('})'})) ~v\=:k~l'j big *,*(t:.''v\ . ]ji<) a university
*:kA(.})tl'j) an adult :kt}] (t.:. 'v > . -tt~) l'j important
) J "- small, li ttle -S'v\-~'v\ ~3r'J
- J3 ( 3 )
'-
j J J J J,
/j,(i:.Jv» ~v>=/j,~l'j small +)11 (.}) . ]jib) a brook, a stream
* /j'A( -=- t,· b) a child /j',*fx ( L J: -) . ]jt -? • -=- -) ) a primary school
~ root, origin bt */
true, main ( 5 )
- t t ;K I~
Llr<$:(~i . b t) a Japanese surname *a(tilv· t::~) this day
* (tilv) a book *115 (tilv . -c Iv) the main office
f half J\ /
( 5 )
, ,/ ~ ~ t
-
-'¥-:¥ ( Lt Iv . t L) half a year -'¥-7t((ilv . ~Iv) half
-'¥- B (Ii /; . ,: i:.J) half a day =8#-,¥-( 21v . t . (ilv) 3 : 30 40
41
42
- 32-
Lesson 4
43
i~* v·h. <le.J:h. :t:'-3~ (1.)'< -9-:»
0" division, part b-ip;fL;Q b-iJ';Q 7":'-
minute b- ~t ;Q 7:'- /_7°:,- ( 4 )
J J"- /7-' 0"-
5t(bHt;Q to divide i: 5t (::: . .5> A.- ) five minutes
5t (b) iJ';Q to understand ~5t (0 -? • ~k) six minutes
fJ power, force -s iJ' G 'J 3 -7
ability 'J .:f ( z )
7 fJ
1J (t iJ' G) power *1] (-9 \;. , 1) J: < ) water power
1] '¥= ( 1) ~ • iJ' < ) dynamics )(1](iJ" 1) J: <) heat power
~or what tj f::
tj/v ( 7 )
J 1 1- 1, 1r1" {il 1CiJ
1PI (tj i::) what 1PI A (tj Ie. . I:: Ie.) how many people
M (tj Ie.) c'-tiJ'o What is it? 1PI:$ ( tj /: . ;p /: ) what year 44
45
- 33-
Lesson 4
2 - 2. J:0lJ.:hft, L 14J>? (Reading Exercises)
I. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
l.~
2. 1PI
3. 11
4. .L
5. T
6. rp
7. B~
8. :k~v\
12. ~7t
13. :kl!f:
14. rpl!f:
15. -t:7t
16. 1PIif.
II. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
- 34-
Lesson 4
2 - 3. 1J'~ ~ nit, L., ~ oj (Writing Exercises)
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. -j,Z
U on
tj ;?' D in .0 under
2.
i.t:
3. big
ac
t: t ' large
4. what
D
t,vP-7 medium
5. what book
D
Ll-7 small
6. a small university
7. power
8. to understand
D
9. five minutes
10. to divide it in half
- 35-
Lesson 4
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. inside
2. water power
3. heat power
4. half past nine
D
CD
5. what time
6. for counting long slender objects
Da;fCD
7. a Japanese
8. up train
9. down train
10. an adult
CD
11. a primary school
12. a junior high school
13. the middle of July
14. a half, 1/2 15. one third, 1/3
16. three quarters, 3/4
17. all day long
I TJ
18. Mr. Yamamoto's specialty is dynamics.
- 36-
Lesson 4
(Do you know these words? Can you use them?)
x..~
<wrt'Jj. .Q)l!¥ (Kanji at a Station) >
North Gate
West
Gate
f- tHO I ! I 11111 AD f-
. I I
[;1 w ~
IIII IIIII
-7 AD tHO -7
T
East
Gate
L tHO AD
South Gate I -J, I m D It
Subway
AD
tHD
I I
Exit I tfj DJ I A CJ J Entrance
EJ ticket gate
- 37-
Lesson 4
'----r-..------.-r__,1 ,--I ~-----.--.------'
o 0 a a
J:'Jm!l! up train ~ It!Jj;
o
a
* - L platform
P 1 ,I --.--.----------r-r__l
U 0 -0 0
T 'J ~ij! down train
u u
Exercise What do the following Kanji mean?
5. T 1J « t: 1J )
- 38-
Lesson 5
1~5il
t'lf. < <b
~P!O)~J}~b-tt 11) 6 T;' ~ t.:5l!:F
( Kanji made from a combination of the Meanings)
What does the Kanji r B j mean? It means 'the sun.' What does the Kanji r)j j mean? It means 'the moon.' Then, what do you think the Kanji rSJjj means? It means 'bright'!
Some Kanji are made by combining rather simple characters. Now, guess the meanings of the following Kanji.
l. 1* 5·1*
2. ** 6. ~
4. ~f 8. *
Look at the following examples and see how each character was
combined and made into a new meaning.
Combination Kanji 'KUN' 'ON' Meaning
B + )j -- ~ cbii'-~ v) [MEl] bright
sun moon both the sun and the moon are 'bright'
A + * -- 1* -?-t-u [KYUU] rest
man tree a man is 'resting' beside a tree
A + * -- 1* ii' G t: [TAl] the body
man origin the origin of a man is 'the body'
1x. + ~ -- ~f -t-~ [KOU] love, like
woman child a woman 'loves' a child - 39-
Lesson 5
Combination Kanji 'KUN' 'ON' Meaning
83 + 11 -- ~ t>t-:. [DAN] a man, male
rice field power , a man' is powerful in the rice field
* + * -- t* Ii -'V' L [RIN] a wood
tree tree two trees make 'a wood' a grove
* + * + *-- ~ iJ It) [SHIN] a forest
tree tree tree three trees make 'a forest' a jungle
r~ + B -- rE~ d) 'v -r: [KAN] between
gate sun the sun can be seen 'between' the doors
)( + 83 -- im lit_:: ~t a cultivated field
fire field burn up the field and make 'a cultivated field'
LlJ + D J-LJ 'v,;b [GAN] a rock
-- D
mountain stone a big stone in the mountain is 'a rock' * Most Kanji were adopted from China, however, there are some Kanji that originated in Japan. For example, iHl(I±l:It), lIJjuu:G) < (to work), Oft ( (: -J It') (a mountain pass) are of Japanese origin. Therefore, they do not have 'ON YOMI' (Chinese Reading). Many Kanji used to express the names of fish and plant are of Japanese origin.
e.g. ~(t-=G)(a cod) ~(v'bL)(a sardine)
~ 40 ~
Lesson 5
46
il:f: V\h. <1vJ-.h. :t/3~ (ii' < T -J)
8~ bright clt.>il'-~v\ )1
light clt.>-~t ~ ( 8 )
I n R B B) an 811 Bf1
SjJ(if;i,p) ~ v\ bright, cheerful * SjJ F3 (&)T / if; L.J:./ h. l -J .~:-s) tomorrow
SjJ (if;) rt ~ to break (to dawn) ~R)ljJ (-tt-=> . <l6 p) T ~ to explain
1t rest ~T-u .:t-.:z.rJ
( 6 )
/ 1 ~- 1t 1t ;fi
1*(~T) u to rest, to be absent 1*8 (~ ~ -J . t-=» a holiday
1*(~T) h a break, a holiday
1i body 1.1' G i: 71
(7)
J 1 1- it 1* 1*' 1*
{;f (1.1' G tD a body 1:tw U.:V\ . v\ <) physical education
ffJ) (t:.v\ . V) l <) physical strength 47
48
-41-
Lesson 5
49
i~* pJJ.. <A.J:JJ.. :t:;"-3~ CO' < -t -7)
1zf love, like -t-~ :1'7
favorite ( 6 )
~ ~ ~ ~.., ~3 ~f
H(-t) ~ Ij favorite
~HfrJ C:: -7 . ~-:)) one's favorite food
J5 man .i)c,:, -1":;"-
male -j- :;.,- (7)
\ n rn FR a3 B3 ~
7
115(.t3C':') a man 115r~(£(t!A.· L·7'J'< .-1t\t\) a boy student
115(.t3c ':')O)r(':') a boy *115 (~J: -7 . 1jA.) the eldest son
tt wood Li-'\-' L I} :;.,-
grove ( 8 )
- t t * ~- ft *{ **
:t*Ui-? L) a wood 1'*~(V)/v· ~tJ:-7) forestry
;J'1'* (.:. . Lf-'\-' L) a Japanese surname
It forest b ~ ~:;.,-
jungle (12)
- t * ~ ~ f t t J- ft it t~
-
~(b ~) a forest ~:t* ( LA.· ~ A.) woods and forests
~EEI (b ~ . t.:.) a Japanese surname 50
51
52
- 42-
Lesson 5
53
i~~ v \ J.;. <1v,j_J.;. :t/3~ (1.)'<T~)
Fa1 between ~I.t\t:: tJ/
interval 1 (12)
I r F r pi r1 r1 r9 Mj rni rAj Pal
ra9 (~I.t\t-.:) between ~~r~J (I.t \ ~ . blv . jplv) a year
rA9 (;1 H-= B- (~) -) to be on time ~H~J (t . jplv) time
i~~ 1.t\Jj. <1v,j_J.;. :t/3~ (7'.)'<T~)
):m cultivated field L:lJ:lt
Lit.: ( 9 )
\ \ , r * 1\ *n *m 1m IEB
iBl ( LU: It) a cultivated field EB iBl (t.: . Li t: ) fields of rice and crops
7EiBl (tj: 7j: . ~;ft.: It) a flower garden
i~~ 1.t\J:f. <1v,j_J.;. :t/3~ (;lp<T~)
Ll-J rock I.t \;b tJ·'/
E ( 8 )
I L..1- LJ..I ~ r r L.lJ E
;fj
:'fi(I.t\;b) a rock :'fi:fi ( IJ' Iv . it ~ ) rocks and stones
:'fi EB (I.t \;b . t:.) a Japanese surname )( LlJ:'fi (IJ' . -'~/ Iv . 1J'1v) volcanic rock 54
55
- 43-
Lesson 5
( Reading Exercises)
I. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
2. ~
3. 1*
4. ~
5. E
6. :tfB
9. H~
10.1*c17-iT
1l. ~-y;
II. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
2. ~i'-~1:. t -Y;i'-~1:. male students and female students
3. ~ (J) At -Y;(J) A men and women
There is a river between the forests.
We took a rest in a light forest.
It takes about one hour to that small mountain.
Mr. Iwata is a cheerful man.
There are cultivated fields on the top of the mountain.
- 44-
Lesson 5
2 - 3. tr~ ~:hA ~ liP? (Writing Exercises)
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. a tree X 2 = a wood
DX2=D
3. woman + child = like
2. a tree X 3 = a forest
DX3=D
4. rice field + power = a man
5. sun + moon = light 6. man + tree = to rest
7. gate + sun = between
D
9. fire + field = cultivated field
11. a boy
8. body's power = physical strength
10. mountain + stone = a rock
12. man and woman
CD
- 45-
Lesson 5
IT. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. for one minute
2. for two hours
3. for three days
I J
4. for four weeks
5. for five months
6. for six years
- __
Dip[IJ
7. forests and woods
8. a holiday
9. an inactive volcano
[IJ]
10. physical education
11. I like cheerful people.
12. Those men are Mr. Kobayashi and Mr. Iwata.
- 46-
Lesson 5
1111I1111 i 11111111111111 ! 1111111 .. S, < L, $ ? 11111 11111 11111 I! 1111 i III i III! II
Review Lesson 1 - 5
B A 1< 7k * .c-: ± .u )11 EH
~
A -=f ft 0 * r~ ~ ~ )Ie ~
:=;--
1m Ii ___t__. -t }\ 1L +
/'\
B + 7J P1 1:. T ~ j( IJ'\ ~
¥- 5t 1J 1PI fl
*~ ~ Sjj 1* 1* ~f ~ Fa' ilB I--LI 55*
D I. Make 5 sentences by using the Kanj i above.
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
- -- -- - - _ --- ---
~·~-------l
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. I
[] D [J r [-J [] r !
I
!
- [1 II [J [I
-
- - LI
B B B
+ 0 0 iJ [I
B
[1 [i
C -t [] n 0 Il [I
-
-
-
B I I
L__j
------~--- -------. - 47-
Lesson 5
ill. Read the following story.
* J!U~ (-tt /: tie-) specialty
au B (J: ~ U') day of the week -iJ{H ~ -C'-t I like -
fLt:.t; We
- f'''':) - for each
- 0) t; iJ' < -C' near -
1:f1l (t:.It\It\ <) P.E., physical education -il! (-::_") - a language
7t~ (-tt Ie- L ~ ~) last week
It\iS PiS 7j: various
- 48-
Lesson 6
I ~6)i I
I..::z.= 'Y i' 1 f--I _-")l*(J)'1t:t. ~ (About Kanji)
~fJ)6 "t.~ t: )1* - 3 - (Kanji made from Pictures - 3 -)
Look at the following picture. Each drawing indicates a certain meaning.
Guess the meaning of the Kanji characters below.
1. n 2. tt 3. * 4. * 5. ffil 6. -¥ 7. JE
8. m 9. J} 10. §
~ 49 ~
Lesson 6
These Kanji characters developed from very primitive pictures as follows.
Picture - Kanji 'KUN' 'ON' Meaning
<Q) --+ ~ --+ 8 --+ § [MOKU] eye
» --+ ~--+ 4# --+ If h-h- [JI] ear
~ --+ t --+ } --+ -¥ [SHU] hand
~- t --+ fl:_ --+ ~ <1)L [SOKU] leg
~ r-- ~ <1)ti) [U]
:11 Il- j'/' \ - m --+ ram
f • \.. • • ~ ~ ~
.. .
" • J •
#--YI'- ~1 --+ rr t: ~t [CHIKU] bamboo
jf5o--+ Q * *
/[4 --+ --+ ::_ti) [MAl] rice
tf [BEl] America
~--+ W{ --+ § --+ & 1PIt' ([BAl] ) shellfish
" '-
Jf-;;; --+ To --+ ti It'L [SEKl] stone
J -fA --+ ~ --+ * It, t [SHI] thread - 50-
Lesson 6
2 - 1 • jl!¥!O) 11') ~ 11') t: (Writing Kanji)
56
i1Jt* 'v'h- <1vJ:h- ;;f/3~ (;0' < T -7 )
§ eye (/) -'E:7
item ( 5 )
1 n A FI §
ELt(66 . -7.z) one's superiors §((/)) an eye
§ T (67') . Lt..:) one's inferiors § ~jz ( 'b < . t) a table of contents
It ear h-h- ~>
( 6 )
- r r ~ :g Jt
It (h-h-) an ear
It.-fl (t . rf' . ;0') study of the nose and ears (otorhinology)
t hand -c ~.:L
( 4 )
./ / ~ t
-
-
'f C-C) a hand ~'f(;O'. L~) a singer
'f*~(-c . ;O{h-) a letter *L'f(tJ:-7 .t')~ skillful, clever 57
58
- 51 -
Lesson 6
59
i~~ v'h. (1v1h. :t/3~ U)' < -9 -J )
Jl leg, pair a;L tz- ~ .; 'J7
suffice t':'--9 (7)
\ n tJ l' ~ IF Jl
JE (t.:.) ~ .; to be enough JE(a;L) a leg
JE (t':')-9 to add =JE 0: . -c- () two pairs
F:fu rain a;?b '7
... ( 8 )
- - - m ff1 ml i$] m
1 n
,
f!F:j(a;?b) rain f!F:j7((-J·-CIv) rainy weather
*f!F:j(BB . a;?b) heavy rain
1t bamboo t.:.~t (-T 7)
( 6 )
J ).- t t' t)- tT
11" (t.:. ~t) bamboo 11" (t.:. ~t) O)-=f a bamboo shoot
11" 83 (t.:. ~t . t!.) a Japanese surname
* rice :::..?b 71
America «1 ( 6 )
\ \/ ~ t ~ *-
jfE:(:::"?b) rice jfE:OO(~It' . :::.. () U.S.A.
$JTjfE: ( L Iv . i It') new rice Ji:ljfE:(t ~ -J . ~It,) Central America 60
61
62
- 52-
Lesson 6
63
i~* v I J.;. </V.J:J.;. :t/3~ (l.p<T.-J)
§ shellfish i.J'v I
/, (7)
I n A ~ §) § §
./ ./,
Jt (i.J'It) a shellfish
Jt (i.J'v) i.Jtt:J a shell
E stone VI l -t-t-
( 5 )
- T ;r 11 1)
15 (It) l) a stone 15¥ffi(-tt~ • vp) petroleum, oil
15)11 (v) L • i.J'b) a Japanese surname 1t15(i.J'· -tt~) a fossil
~ thread It) C (~ )
string ( 6 )
c t $$.. t *' ~
*(v)c) thread
:t*Ut'vlc) woollen yarn 64
65
- 53-
Lesson 6
2 - 2. ~JJ.tLA L lIP ? ( Reading Exercises)
I. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
1. m
2. 15
3. §
4. JE
5. '*
6. It
7. ~
8. it
9. J=!
10. *
IT. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
2. :J 7.. -'7 I) iJ li!:P * I: cb VJ ;t To Costa Rica is in Central America.
3. B *Ii 7'7 fip G 15iffi~ipl,;);t To Japan buys oil from Arabia.
I!I>
4. m 0) B Ii "- -'\> -C'~*A ~ i» ~ ;t To I wri te letters in my room on rainy
'"''
days.
I am not so good at Japanese yet.
I bought a pair of shoes and 4 pairs of socks.
- 54-
Lesson 6
2 - 3. fJ) ~ nit, L.., ~? (Writing Exercises)
I . Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. hands and legs 2. a rainy day
3. a shell 4. rice
5. one's superiors and one's inferiors
6. a bamboo shoot
/1) L r:
t:lt
7. Mr. Ishikawa 8. Miss Itoyama
- 55-
Lesson 6
J]. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. a purpose
2. a table of contents 3. a letter
4. a stamp
5. skillful
6. unski Ilful
7. an assistant
8. shortage
/G[J
9. heavy rain
10. light rain
11. a bamboo shoot
12. America
13. North America 14. South America 15. Central America
16. thread
17. Ishikawa Prefecture
18. Mr. Takeda
[J
t: It t:
- 56-
Lesson 6
(Do you know these words? Can you use them?)
C/ol/)l'
<At.O)jl* (Kanji used in Japanese Family Names) >
The following Kanji are commonly used in Japanese family names.
EE *
JlI * * ~ 15 tt
*t (-u G a village) !f (0) a field)
Study the following Japanese surnames.
1. IB r:p
2. LlJIB
3. LlJ*
4. LlJT
5. *T
6. *if't
7. if'tIB
8. if't _t
9. r:pif't
10. r:pLlJ
11. r:pJII
12. r:pff
13. JII .L
14. _tff
15. _tIB
(t:.t;clp) (-71 t!) (-71 ~ c) (-71Ll:) (~O) Lt:) (~ -uG) (-uGt::) (-UGIJ'h.)
(~ip-uG) (~i),-71) (~IJ'IJ{v )
16. 1*
17. IJ'\1*
18. IJ'\LlJ
19. IJ'\JII
20. IJ'\ff
21. ~
22. ~*
23. ~IB
24. ~-=f
25. EJII
26. xE
27. xtt
28. ttIB
29. ttr:p
30. ttT
- 57-
Ui-7 L) (-:: If-7 L) (-::-71) (t:> lJ{v) (t:>0))
(~ V)) (~V)~c) (IJ'P. tD (IJ'P. -::)
(It \ L lJ'v) (t:>t:>It\ L) (t:> t:> t: It) (t: It t_:')
(t: It~IJ') (t:lt Lt:)
Lesson 6
Notice the phonetic changes as in the following,
)11 (iJ'>;b) + EI3 (t~) -)11 EI3 (ip;btD
q:t (f;tip) +)11 (iJ'>;b) -q:t)11 (f;tiJ'>iJ{;b)
o Other common family names:
Ex,~* (-tf~ ) 1=J:L (pO) -) ;{_)
ftc~ (~C:-)) ftc/:(* (~ ~ ~)
¥!till ( b t: id: « ) 1Jn~ (;0' C: -) )
r'§JfI (t-: ;/)' Ii L, ) fjt~ (p C: -) ) *~fIJ (66\;\ L Name cards used for business.)
T75~~ ~~
t1 W
-0000 0
'iIt W q~*, *-
~ 0 ~
'c]"-
o ~ ~ s:
}\ W ~
= r
- 0
I ---- gn
- m
-
I 1: DIS
-
- !f
-t; -
--'- -
/\ I
I1!l E
'" T
I Ad~ress Name of Title Name
TI03 ~
~ B
-0000 :;$:
'iIt -* ~* It 13
~ g ¥IR jj]
0 111) Ll1 gn ij[
=
- t-p It **
I
z: ~ T'1"' ¥IR Jt
-
-
- ~ ~ ~
--'-
/\
- ~ ~ 11
- 7~
I EEl
1i
0 -
n I
-
-t;
rsity Name 0
'-- f Company Department and Section
Telephone
Unive and Department
- 58-
Lesson 7
I ~f.tl' I
I.:z. = \Y i' 1 f-I ---jl*O) '1 t;;. G (About Kanji)
~1J\6 -r-'~ t.:jl* - 4 - (Kanji made from Pictures - 4 -)
Look at the following picture.
Now guess the meaning of the Kanji characters below.
1.~, 2.,~ 3..~ 4. It- 5. ~m 6. ~
9. *
10. X
- 59-
Lesson 7
2 - 1. 51!¥0) fJ) ~ fJ) t: (Writing Kanji)
67
i~* V'J;,.. <1vt.J;,.. ::t/3~ (iP<T-7)
~ flower Ii 7j 7J
1G (7)
- -+- ++- r ++- r n
1
11: (I i 7j ) a flower 11: (1)') ir Iv a vase
11:)( (Ii 7j • rY) fireworks
~ tea -T-'r
It, +r ( 9 )
- 4- -T+ Y jt. ~ Jf- ~ ~
~
;j:):;f- (t:> ~ ) tea U~ C:' -7 . -G ~ ) black tea
8 *:;f- 0: . Lllv . t:> ~ ) green tea p~~m( ~ -:J • ~ • -c Iv) a coffee shop
rt1 flesh, meat :::"7
( 6 )
I n n fl rR ~
~O:<) meat ~~ (~" ~ -7 . I: <) beef
Jl17 ~ (c IJ • I: <) chicken ~1*0: < . t..:v,) the body 66
68
- 60-
Lesson 7
72
iJ:* V\h. <A-J:h. :t/3~ (1,)\ < T -?)
5c pattern 7"/
letter, sentence .:c/ ( 4 )
'\ >- ")- ~
;t(£Iv) a sentence Xq:. (£ Iv . -IJ{ < ) literature
;ttffon*'g ( i:> Iv . £ . -IJ' • -IJ{ < Ll-?)
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
~ letter :J'
character ( 6 )
\ \ ~ ~ t q:
I
*( t) a letter, a character ;t* (i:> . t / i:> Iv . t) a letter
iJ:*(-IJ'1v . t) Kanji ift*(-t -? . t) a number
~~ thing i:>0) 7" ';J
.:c ';J ( 8 )
J J- t ~ tl t'7 t1J t~
~ZO(i:>O) a thing ~E~ZO(-ttv\ . £-::» a living creature
ffil~zo (-IJ'v\ . i:> 0) shopping 1i1f ~ZO ( ~.: . i:> -::> ) baggage, luggage
t cattle, cow -?L q::'.;l. tJ
bull, ox ( 4 )
I J-- I- 4-
-
It-(-?L) cattle It- ~ ( ~t ~ -? . ~.: <) beef
r!f:. (:. . oj L) a calf !f:.:¥L ( ~. ~ -? . ~: ~ -? ) cow's milk 69
70
71
- 61-
Lesson 7
73
i:W;* It \ J.;. <1vJ:.J.;. ::t/3~ (;Q'< -9-))
l~ horse -)i J{
(10)
1 r- Tf ff $ ~ ,IE; I~ I~ \~
.~(-)i) a horse .~:t.J (Lf· V) ~) horsepower (h.p.)
.~*(Lf· L ~) a carriage .~ ~ ((j:'- I: < ) horsemeat
,~ bird cv) 7-3'/
(11)
/ ( r F f3 ~ ~ ,f9 ,~ I~ ,~
.m (c IJ) a bird B .m (Ii < . i? J: -)) a swan
;tJt ( ~) ~.m (c IJ) roast chicken lff.m (~ . i? J: -)) a wild bird
1E fish ~;Q't:t. ¥3
1"\ (11)
I /1 r f1 ffJ ffI fB fB i i 'if
, J' 1\' 1"\
f! (~;Q't:t.) fish ~ (~) ~ f!d ~";Q't:t.) grilled fish
f!~(~;Q't:t. • ~) a fish shop ~;f!.l. ( ~ Iv • ~. J: ) a goldfish 74
75
- 62-
Lesson 7
( Reading Exercises)
I. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
1. ~
2. ~.
3. 1t
4. ;f-
5 .. ~
7 .. ~
8. :)CJ:
10. 't~
12. )c
II. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
1 .. ~lfL
6. ~@:-C-.~~ ~ ip\.-' i L tc; I bought some chicken at the butcher's.
~
7. :k~-c''::'O)iW;*~~GIt'iTo I learn these Kanji at the university.
fi'A-
10. 8 *ALi~. -'V'*;I)'H ~ -CoT 0 Japanese people like fish and rice and
so on.
- 63-
Lesson 7
2 - 3. 1J') ~ ttA ~ ~? (Writing Exercises)
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. beef
2. a small bird
3. a horse carriage
4. a letter
UJ
UJ
UJ
5. literature
6. biology (= Study of living creatures)
7. Japanese tea
8. a goldfish
9. cherry blossoms
10. a sentence
UJ
..
- 64-
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. a flower shop
2. a fish shop
4. beef
5. pork
6. chicken
[IJ ~t~D [IJ
9. roast meat
10. grilled fish
12. cow's milk
13. the body
[IJ
16. horsepower
17. a pony
[IJ
[IJ
- 65-
Lesson 7
3. a butcher shop
7. horse meat 8. fish meat
[IJ
[IJ
11. roast chicken
14. a real thing 15. Kanji
[IJ ?~D
'fJv to) 71·Jv ~
18. fireworks 19. a vase
[IJ DlFIv
Ltld: [f 71' Lesson 7
(Do you know these words? Can you use them?)
The following Kanji are the names of the animals pictured below. Match
the Kanji with the pictures.
a b c d e f g h
l!J l!J 00 C~ l!J lm lm ~
-')L ~ 71) /j. tv) -'):1: O--::>t; ~Q tJ.:: l )IQ ~ ~
10.
- 66-
Lesson 8
( Kanji for Adjectives - 1 -)
Look at the following adjectives. Japanese . ., ending adjectives can be
-I
divided into three groups according to the types of the Hiragana endings.
1. Kanji + v' it v' * v' ~S v' ~ V> * v'
oz,
..hQ t.j. n~ l7- t5 n' tzt» -'(>"t
f~ v' lJtf v' ~ V> m p ~ v'
0< < G .t . .t. .t·t n'Q
~ '=t v' 00 !f-
v' ~ I~'\ V> P etc.
t? n' e .t. b.Q !;l:-'(>
2. Kanji + Lv' *JTLv' * Lv' iE l.v- ~ LV>
iht:.G t.o: tzt: ? -::J <
Itt Lv> etc.
t ':c n~
3. Kanj i + others *~v' IJ\ 2v' aJj .:6 v' j;'fJ:v' etc.
.t·s t? t ' ihn' "t< The Hiragana endings change as follows.
Present Affirmative : ijv' (old)
* ~ v' (big)
Present Negative :6 < ~ V'
Past Affirmative :r57J'-::J t:
Past Negative
- 67-
Lesson 8
Hiragana endings are used with nouns, verbs or other adjectives as follows:
Adjective + Noun -[5v':;;f>: *ffLv'* :*:~n,'*
an old book a new car a big letter
tJ< Ijv':;;f>: *ffL<ljv'lJ :*:~<ljv'*
tJi,p-::d:::;;f>: *ff L i,p -s t: lJ :*:~tJ'-:d.::*
tJ < Iji,P-:::l t.:::;;f>: *ff L < Ij:l.l'-:::l t.::lJ :*: ~ < Ij:l.l'-:::l t.::*
Adjective + Verb tJ<ljlJiT *ff L < :I.I'v, i T :*:~ < :I.I'~ iT
(=adverbial form) become old newly buy write in a big
character
Adjective tJ< -etc v , *ff L < -c ~ nv'lj :*:~ < -csA6v'
+ Adjective old and cheap new and pretty big and bright [nit, L, ItJ> ?] Add the proper Hiragana endings to the following Kanji.
~ 7; ~ *9 fJT
11=0
it fIjJ Rtf ~ 1;
1~ * Ij\ - 68-
Lesson 8
2 - 1 . 51*0) tp ~ 1J'~ t: (Writing Kanji)
76
i~* It) };. <lvJ:};' :t/3~ (1J> < -t -7 )
~~ new <fJ t: G - Lit) ~/
(13)
, ~ ~ -?; !I. tl ¥ ~ 1 ~I ~f ~f- ~fr
\
.-
$Jf (<fJ t: G) Lit) new $Jfl*l (L Iv . ~Iv) a newspaper
$Jf*(LIv· L~) a new car $Jfif ( L Iv . tJ.1v) a new year
-6 old b~-It) :I
( 5 )
- ..}- -1- t -5
\
r5(b~)It) old 9=Jr5*(t:> ~ -7 • .: • L~) a second-hand car
rI1*(b6 . tilv) a used book
-fz long 7'j 1J~-- It) 7-3'/
eldest, chief ( 8 )
1 r f F JS. -f -fr -&
ft( 7'j iJ{) It) long ~~(t:> J: -7 ·7'jIv) the eldest son
¥~ (iJ{ < . t:> J: -) ) a (university, school) president 77
78
- 69-
Lesson 8
79
i~~ v) J.;.. <1vJ:J.;.. */3~ (iP<-9-7)
ltR short J.;.. tip-v) ~/
(12)
J r- !;:. f * *- ~\ ~fi ~o *p *6 *.a
~_R(J.;..t7J')v) short ~\LJ::.. (t.:. /: . "':1. \) a junior college
~_Ra1Ha' (t.:. Iv . t . 7J' Iv) a short time
_).- high t: 7J'- v) ::I 7
t:l
!oJ expensive (10)
, ~ ..)- ..)- ~ -€; j.- 1:; ..>- ..).-
I f'"I C2 n rm t:J
I rI) r61
;@j (t.:. 7J') v \ high, expensive r"-'l rx: (-=- -7 .-=--7) a high school
;@itt(t:'7J' . ,j: L) a Japanese surname i~J ~ r.; -7 . -f <) high speed
I~I safe I -'\-'T-v\ 7/
cheap I ( 6 )
, , ~ t ~ !:f !
,
I I
$:(-,\-,T)v\ cheap $:,L,(c10Iv· LIv)T~ to be relieved
'b,.':ld -'V' T . -J) V) a bargain sale 'k "'F: ( ~ /; • -If'Iv) 7d: safe
16\ low U: < -I. \ 71
( 7 )
J 1 1/ 1C 1G-- {C\ 1~
flU o < ) V \ low fl\:T(''(v\· 7J')T~ to fall, to go down
fKiMd-Cv\ . ;f:;1v) a low temperature 80
81
82
- 70-
Lesson 8
83
iW;* V\h. <A-J:h. :;f:/3~ (;0' < T -) )
8~ dark < ~-v\ 7:/
(13)
) n A B S' B~ at"- .>- an. afL 8ft !J_ afL
a" I n SA 8
HE} ( < G) V \ dark
H{P;qj) A._ • L --=:J) a dark room
} many J:3J:3-v\ -7
much ( 6 )
/ /} 9 ~ ~ ~ i I
g, (J:3J:3) v\ many, much g,J,' (t~ . II -) ) more or less
g, ~ (t~ . T -) ) a large number
} J' few T < -~v\ ~3r7
J li ttle T':-l ( 4 )
J IJ 11, }J'
J,' (T <) ~ V \ few, little J,'ijO: ( II -) . tl A._) a boy
J,' (i- .:) t. a little, a few J,'!,( ( L l -) . t l ) a girl 84
85
-71-
Lesson 8
2 - 2. J:httA ~ ~? (Reading Exercises)
I. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
11. I3J.1;f, It \
13. ~ffi:
II. Write the readings of the following Kanji in Hiragana.
2. ~O)r:j:qiBflilt\-C:To It is dark in the forest.
3. &0O)A'i-::'O)~.R:kO)~ffi:-C'To That man is the president of this junior college.
That boy has long arms and legs.
5. *'if.'1JIt\(: -::'iSi.I'GfJ.1It\(: -::'is'''7J:-7J'n;f,o
Water flows from a higher place to a lower place.
a primary school, a junior high school, a senior high school and a university
- 72-
Lesson 8
2 - 3. ;1]) ~ nit, L 1cJ>? (Writing Exercises)
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Kanji.
1. a new year
3. a president of the university
[D(J)[D
2. an old car, a second-hand car
DV)D=I I J
.b:Q <:Q;l; t~7 ;: G~
4. long 5. short
DV) DV)
tt.1J~ ;.;. t; 1J\ 6. a lot of people 7. a few people 8. a dark forest
D ;6{D v) D;6{D~ v) DV)D
Oe ;t. ;t- Oe -t< < G tl')
9. expensive meat 10. cheap fish 11. to go down
DV)D DV)D [DT .Q
t::'1J' c:.< -t'-t ~ 1J'tt. -c t, 1J' II. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate Kanji.
1. a boy
2. a girl
[D
[D
- 73-
3. (I) have a little money.
Lesson 8
4. a high mountain
5. a cheap thing
6. a used book
[I]
[I]
[I]
7. a short string
8. for a long time
9. new tea
iI---l
10. ancient writing
11. a long sentence 12. a short sentence
[I]
[I] [I]
13. the eldest son
14. the eldest daughter 15. safe
[I]
16. a junior college
17. a high school
[I]
- 74-
Lesson 8
(Do you know these words? Can you use them?)
(tL 'J: -) L
51* If - b. (1) < ff~W~iij >
How to play (A) : "ii' '6 t:"
One person reads the Kanji cards aloud. The others look for the matching picture cards scattered on the table. When a player finds the appropriate card, he gets to keep it. The one who collects the most cards is the winner.
How to play (B) : "L/dtl.-·TI.-· t ~ < .. (Concentration)
Put all the cards face down up on the table. Each person turns over two cards at a time in turn. If the two cards match, he can keep the pair. The one who collects the most cards is the winner.
~ I (jI-IQ'-~ \
-75 -
L ftooo b
/
It65"00 b
Lesson 8
- 76-
Lesson 9
1.:1. = \y " 1 1f------51*0) (1 fJ. L, (About Kanji)
C7 L
lJJ~iiJ0)51* - 1 - (Kanji for Verbs - 1 - )
Each Kanji has its own meaning. It can function as a noun, adjective, verb, etc. in sentences. What do you think is the function of the following kanji?
fA
'flu and I*J are nouns. liTJ functions as an adjective and I~J (to buy) as a verb. However, Kanji can not be used alone as adjectives or verbs. Some Hiragana endings always follow and they are called 'OKURIGANA (inflectional endings)'.
new
to buy
Using the above four Kanji, let's make some sentences.
I bought a new book.
My book is not new.
Please buy me a book.
-77 -
Lesson 9
Japanese verbs can be divided into 3 groups according to their con-
jugation.
1 st Group: the verb stem ends with a consonant
iT < [ik-u] 1T~ iT [ik-imasu] to go
Iifl< [kik-u] lifl~iT [kik-irnasu] to hear
tf< [kak-u] i!t~iT lkak-imasu] to write
aliT [hanas-u] ali L iT [hanas- irnasu] to speak
~nv [yom-u] ~nh. iT [yom-imasu] to read
{tv [yasum-u] {th.iT [yasum-imasu] to rest
mr~ [kaer-u] 1mfJiT [kaer-imasu] to go back
~-) [ka (wl-u] ~v\iT [ka (wi-imasu] to buy
2nd Group: the verb stem ends with a vowel
jt.r-(~ [tabe-ru] jt.r-(iT [tabe-masu] to eat
~;{_~ [oshie-ru] ~;{_iT [oshie-masu] to teach
J!~ [mi-ru] J!iT [mi-masu] to see
3rd Group: irregular verbs
*~ [ku-ru] *iT [ki-rnasu] to come
T~ [su-ru] LiT [shi-rnasu] to do
17 1 ;;(' 1 Classify the following Kanji into nouns, adjectives and verbs.
1E ~ ~ * =7.t 15 a~ .:cO.-±-
7K 1l'iL
fb 1* ~ ~ /.- ~ 8 iEr
1T
, S .1\\,\
tfi W *= M\ * * • 1m tJJ~1l] U:' -) L, Verbs) :
- 78-
Lesson 9
86
i~* \;\J.,.. <A-J:J.,.. :t/3~ (n' < T -7 )
/- go, conduct \;\- < :Jry
1T line H.::.tj--) ':¥':3 ry ( 6 )
/ / / /- /- /-
/ 1 1 1- iT
1'f (\;\) < to go ~~1'f ( ~ J: • .::. -) ) T ~ to travel
1'T (.t:;.::.tj) -) to carry out =1'T§ (I: . t/ J: -) • ti)) the 2nd line
t come < -~ .::. -tj \; \ 71
next ~-~T ( 7 )
- - - si f t *-
, 'I
*(O~ to come *:¥ (l? \;\ . b.A-) next year
*A (l?It\ • If--:::» next month *6 (l?\;\' ':-S)T~ to visit Japan
I)~ return n'x..-~ .:f
go (come) hack n'x..-T (10)
I \) \)' I} :1 'I a 'J ;::3 \)~ \J~ ,):3 l'
.'j1
1m (n'x..) ~ to gol come back 1mOO(~ • .::. OT1.> to return to one's country
1m (n' x..) T to let someone gol come back 87
88
- 79-
Lesson 9
89
i~* It \ J.;.. <A.t.J.;.. ;;j-/3~ (i?'<T-))
~ eat t: --"< 0 Y37
&_ ( 9 )
J /'- ;:::... ~ 41'- ~ ~ ~ 1<:
., r
it (l:)-"<0 to eat it$(l.J:<·t) a meal
it (t:..) -"<1m ( 'b 0) ) food Y'it(V).l-) . l.J: <) a dinner
~h drink O)-t; 1/
RI\. (12)
) r- s- ,l::- t ~ ~ ~ ~J }~ ~r ~k
.,
!k(0))t; to drink !kii1'i (It\A. . L vP) drinking
!k(0)) J.;..1m('b 0)) a beverage
Jl see, look JJ.-0 J.;..--tt- 0 7/
view JJ.-:Z 0 (7)
I n A F\ 13 ~ Jl
~(J.;..)0 to look at, to see Jl5i.(It\ . itA.) an opinion
~(J.;..)-tt-0 to show J:MmOtA.· ~-J)T0 to go sightseeing
rlf' hear ~-< f/
~-':::Z0 (14)
I r r r pI ?1 rl r, P-9 PI, Frj R=j &, M
fifl(~)< to hear, to listen to *Jf fifl ( lA. . ~ A. ) a newspaper
fjfJ (~)':::Z 0 can be heard 90
91
92
- 80-