Lesson13-Swept Features and Boolean PDF

Lesson
13 Swept Features and Boolean

Operations
Purpose
This lesson introduces Swept Features and Boolean Operations.

14
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
• Create an extruded feature.
• Create an extruded feature with offsets.
• Create a feature by sweeping a profile along a guide string.
• Create a revolved feature.
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S w e p t Features and Boolean Operations
Types of Swept Features

Swept features are created by extruding, revolving, or sweeping a section
string. The section string may be composed of explicit curves, sketch curves,
solid edge s, solid faces, and sheet bodies.
An Extruded feature is produced by sweeping the section string (1) in a linear
direction for a speci fied distance.
14 A Revolved feature is produced by rotating a section string (1) around a

speci fied axis (2).
A Sweep Along Guide feature is produced by sweeping a section string (1)

along a guide string (2).
The features/bodies that are created will be associated with both the section
string and the guide string.
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S w e p t Features and Boolean O p e ration s
Extrude
The Extrude option (Insert? Design Feature? Extrude) allows a feature to be
created by sweeping planar, section string geometry in a linear direction for a
specified distance.
Extruding a Sketch
A sketch can easily be extruded using an object/action approach by placing
the cursor over it in the graphics window and choosing the Extrude option in
the MB3 pop-up menu.
The Start and End extrude distances can then be specified by using the drag
handles or by keying in values in the dynamic input boxes. The Start drag
handle is represented by a sphere (1) and the End drag handle is represented
by a cone (2).

The Extrude dialog is displayed and provides a single user interface to specify
Limits, Offset, Draft, and Boolean operation for an extrusion.
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Selecting Sketches U sing Selection Intent

When you use Extrude, the Selection Intent toolbar is available to establish
rules for selecting a section string.
You may or may not want to use all of the curves in the sketch as the section
string. To select all of the curves in a sketch in one step, set the Curve option
in the Selection Intent toolbar to Any or Feature Curves. The other rules can
be applied to select a single sketch curve or other collections of sketch curve s.

S w e p t Features and Boolean O p e rations
Extruding a partial sketch is a technique that is used when one sketch may
define multiple features.
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S w e p t Feature s and Boolean Operations
Rules for Extruding Section String Objects

The Body Type option which is found in the Extrude dialog and in
Preferences→Modeling, controls whether a solid body or a sheet body is
created when extruding section string geometry. When set to "Solid" the
following rules will apply:
• Extruding a set of closed planar connected curves creates a solid bod y.
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• Extruding a set of closed planar connected curves with another closed set
within the boundary of the first creates a solid with an interior hole.
• Extruding a curve or set of planar connected curves which are not closed
creates a sheet body unless offsets are used.

Activity — Starting the Draglink
In this activity, you will start to create a model for a draglink by extruding a
sketch.
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Step 1: Open the swept_draglink_1 part and save it as ***_draglink_1

where *** represents your initials.
Step 2: Start the Modeling application.
Step 3: Extrude the sketch.

Place the cursor over one of the sketch curves and choose
MB3? Extrude.
The default direction for the extrude is normal to the sketch
plane in the +ZC direction.
Double-click the direction vector in the graphics window so

that it is pointing in the –ZC direction.
Key in 152.5 for the End value.

Choose OK (MB2).
Step 4: Save the part.
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Boolean Operations
Boolean operations are used to create a single solid body out of two or more
existing solid bodies. If a solid already exists in the part, a Boolean operation
can be speci fied in the Extrude dialog to combine the new feature with the
existing solid body instead of creating it as a separate solid body.
1 — Create
2 — Unite
3 — Subtract
4 — Intersect
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Boolean operations may also be created as separate features by choosing the

Unite, Subtract, and Intersect options in the Feature Operation toolbar or by
choosing Insert→Combine Bodies. When using these operations, you must
select a Target solid and at least one Tool solid.
Creating the Boolean operations as separate features allows you to

apply additional edits to them such as suppress and unsuppress.
Defining Target and Tool Solids

The Target solid is the solid body on which the operations are executed.
The Tool solid is the solid body that operates upon the target solid.
The target solid passes its attributes on to the Boolean operation

result. Therefore, the resultant solid inherits the Layer, Material
Density, etc. of the target solid.
S w e p t Features and Boolean O p e r a t ions
Unite
This option produces one solid body by defining a target solid (1) and tool
solid (2).
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Subtract
This option allows material to be removed from a target solid (1) by using
another solid as the tool solid (2), leaving empty space where the tool solid
existed.
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Intersect
This option results in a solid occupying the volume common to the selected
target solid (1) and tool solid (2).
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Boolean Errors
If you attempt to unite a tool solid within a target solid and there is no change
in topology, the following message appears.
If you attempt to unite, subtract, or intersect a tool solid with a target solid
and the two solids do not touch, the following message appears.
©UGS Corpor ation, All Rights Re s er ve d Modeling NX4 1 3- 11

If you attempt to subtract a tool solid (1) from a target solid and the operation
would produce a zero thickness (2), the following message appears.
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Start and E n d Limit Options
Options are available to control the Start and End Limits of the extrusion by
using existing geometry as well as keying in values.
Value Key in a numeric value or a formula for the limit.

Symmetric Value If the extrusion is symmetric about the section
string, this option can be used so that only one of
the limit values has to be entered.
Until Next Extend the extrusion to the next body along the
direction path.
Until Selected Extend the extrusion to a selected face, datum
plane, or body.
Until Extend ed Trim the extrusion to a selected face when the
section curves extend beyond its edges.
Through All Extend the extrusion completely through all
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selectable bodies along the path.
These options are also available in an MB3 pop-up menu in the

graphics window when you highlight the start or end limit drag
handle.
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Extrude with Offs et

This option is used to apply offsets to an extrusion.
When this option is turned on, the dialog expands to let you specify Start and
End offset values. Drag handles (1) and a dynamic input boxes are displayed
with the extrusion preview. The Start offset handle is represented by a sphere
and the End offset handle is represented by a cone. Turn the Offset option off
to remove the offset and handles from the preview.
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Offset Examples
The values of the Start Offset and End Offset may be positive or negative.
The positive direction is determined by the direction of the End Offset drag
handle (cone).
Start Offset Zero

End Offset Positi ve
Start Offset Zero

End Offset Negative
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Start Offset Negative

End Offset Positive
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Extrud e with Draft
When this option is turned on, the dialog is expanded to let you specify a
draft angle. A drag handle (1) and a dynamic input field are displayed with
the extrusion preview. Turn the option off to remove the draft and drag
handle from the preview.
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Rules for Extruding with Draft
• A positive taper angle creates an inward taper (A).
• A negative angle creates an outward taper (B).
• If the section string included interior holes, the holes would be tapered
in the opposite direction to the outside objects.

Activity — Extruding with Offsets
In this activity, extruded features will be added to a part using offset values.
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Step 1: Open the swept_extrude_1 part.
Step 3: Create a tube by extruding with an offset.
Choose the Extrude icon.

(Insert→Design Feature→Extrude)
Select the inside, large circle as the section string.
Change the Boolean option to Unite.
Confirm a value of 0 for the Start (Limit), key in 2.5 for the End
(Li mit) value, and press Enter.

Turn the Offset option on.
Key in –.25 for the End (Offset) value and press Enter.
If the Offset drag handle is pointing away from the center of
the part, use a negative value for the End offset. If the Offset
drag handle is pointing toward the center of the part, use a
positive value.
Choose Apply (Ctrl-MB2).
Fit the view.

(MB3→Fit).
The circle is extruded from its origin normal to its creation
plane a distance of 2.5 units. The feature is .25 units thick
14 measured inside the circle. The thickness was defined by the
End offset value based on the direction of the offset drag
handle.
Step 4: Create a flange at the top of the cylinder.

Verify the Curve option is set to Single Curve in the Selection

Intent toolbar..
Select the top outer edge of the cylindrical extrusion.
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Change the Boolean option to Unite.
Make sure the drag handle is pointing down. If it is pointing
up, choose Reverse Direction in the dialog.
Key in .25 for the End (Limit) value and press Enter.
Key in .25 for the End (Offset) value and press Enter.
the part, use a positive value for the End offset. If the Offset
drag handle is pointing toward the center of the part, use a
negative value.

Choose Apply (Ctrl-MB2).
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The selected edge is extruded from its origin, normal to its creation
plane to a distance .25 units. The feature is defined as being .25
units thick measured outside the edge. The thickness was defined
by the values entered in the End Offset fields relative to direction
of the offset drag handle.
Step 5: Subtract an extrusion from the flange.

Select the inside circular edge shown to extrude.

Change the Boolean option to Subtract.
Make sure the direction vector is pointing down. If it is

pointing up, double -click the vector in the graphics window or
choose Reverse Direction in the dialog.
Key in .075 for the End (Limit) value and press Enter.
Key in .15 for the Start (Offset) value and .275 for the End
(Offset) value and press Enter.
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the part, use positive values for the offsets. If the Offset drag
handle is pointing toward the center of the part, use negative
values.
Choose OK.
Step 6: Close the part.

Selection Intent
The Selection Intent toolbar is available to specify curve and edge selection
rules for section strings when creating extruded features. These rules can be
applied to automatically select a collection of curves or edges in a single step
instead of selecting them individuall y.
Curve Options
When a feature requires the selection of a profile or individual curves and

edges, the Curve options become available for collecting and section building.
The pull-down menu displays the curve or edge selection rules that are
applicable to the feature you are creating.
The cursor changes to a Curve Collecting mode, indicating you can collect
14 curves or edges. Choose the rule from the pull-down menu that best describes
the action for the design intent of your feature.
Any — Lets you use the original default intent method to extend a
selection. The default method can vary based on the type of object you
selected. For example, with Extrude the default could be All Curves of
Feature if a curve is selected, and Single if the selected object is an edge.
The Any method lets the controlling feature derive intent based on the
type of object selected.
Single Curve — Lets you single-select one or more curves or edges. No

rule is applied to a collection of singly-selected curves, and it is basically
a simple list of objects without intent. You can enhance a collection of
singly-selected curves or edges by moving MB3 over one of the selected
objects and then choosi ng another rule.
Connected Curves — Lets you select a chain of curves or edges that share
endpoints. No rule is applied if the chained curves are non-associative.
The curve intent does not attempt to grow or shrink the chain if curves
are added or no longer form a single chain after an edit to the model.

Tangent Curves — Lets you select a tangent continuous chain of curves

or edge s. No rule is applied if the chained curves are non-associative.
The curve intent does not attempt to grow or shrink the chain if curves
are added or no longer form a single chain after an edit to the model.
The system does not discard non-associative curve s that are no longer
tangent after an edit.
Face Edges — Collects all edges of the face containing the edge you
select. If you already selected an edge using another rule, you can select
an adjoining face to define a collection with the Add All of Face rule.
When you select an edge, the cursor-center location determines which
face is selected.
Sheet Edges — Collects all laminar edges of the sheet body you select.
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Feature Curves — Collects all output curves from curve features, such as
sketches or any other curve features.
Stop at Intersection
Select this option to specify that auto chaining stops not only at endpoints of
the curve or edge but also on intersections with other curves or edges. When
you select a chain, all other curves and edges visible in the selection view are
checked for intersections with the current chain. At each of the intersection
points (that is, where two or more objects meet at a point, either interior or at
an end point) the system bounds the chain.
Follow Fillet
You can use this option to automatically chain a section onto and off of a
tangent arc. This option is available only when you are building a section,
and only for Connected Curves and Tangent Curves chaining intents. If you
select both Follow Fillet and Stop At Intersections, Follow Fillet overrides
Stop At Intersections at branches where it applies

More Selection Intent Options
This option displays a dialog with other special conditions for the selected
rule.
14 Chain Between — Select this option to determine the number of objects

you must select for chaining.
When you clear this option, chaining is a single selection operation and
you select a seed object and all objects that meet the current constraints
(that is, the Chain or Chain Tangent options) are collected.
When you sele ct this option, chaining is a two selection operation and you
must select the start and end of the chain before the chain is collected.
This option is mutually exclusive of the Stop at Intersection option. If you
select one, the other is cleared.
Tangent Angle (Degrees) — Use this option to enter a real number for the
highest possible value you want to specify as tangent degrees.

Activity — Extruding Using Selection Intent
In this activity, you will use Selection Intent options to extrude a sketch.
Step 1: Open the swept_gasket_1 part.

The part contains a sketch of a gasket profile. The circles defining
the outer boundary of the profile were not trimmed.
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Step 3: Extrude the sketch.
Choose the Extrude icon. (Insert→Design

Feature→Extrude)
Turn the Enable Preview option off.
Set the Curve option to Tangent Curves in the Selection Intent

toolbar.
Turn on the Follow Fillet icon in the Selection Intent

toolbar.

Select one of the curves in the outer boundary of the gasket.

The outer boundary of the gasket is highlighted.
Select the three interior circles that define the holes.
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Change the work view to the Trimetric orientation.

(MB3→Orient View→Trimetric).
Turn the Enable Preview option on.
Key in the following values for the extrusion:
Start (Limit) = 0
End (Limit) = .125
Choose OK. (MB2)

Sweep Along Guide

The Sweep along Guide option (Insert→Swee p→Sweep along Guide) allows
a feature to be created by sweeping a section string along a guide string.
Rules for Sweeping Section String Objects Along a Guide

• Solid or sheet bodies are created based on the current Modeling
Preferences Body Type setting and the closure condition of the curves
(i.e. open string or closed string).
Open String Closed String
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• An open section string swept along a guide path that forms an enclosed
loop will automatically cap the end faces, providing the Modeling
Preferences Body Type is set to Solid.
• Open section strings will always be swept into a solid body when using
the sweep with offset option.
• Only one Section String and only one Guide String may be selected.

Guide Strings Containing Sharp Corners

When using Sweep along Guide where the guide string contains sharp
corners, it is recommended that the section string be placed away from a
sharp corner. The section string also needs to be located on an end point of
one of the guide string objects.
1 — Guide String.
2 — Section String that is at sharp corner, a location that should
be avoided.
3 — Section String that is located away from a sharp corner and
located on an end point.
4 — Two separate line objects that provide the endpoint for the
section string.
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Activity — Sweeping Along a n Open Guide String
In this activity you will continue to develop the draglink part by sweeping a
section string along a guide.
14
Step 1: Make ***_draglink_1 the work part.
Step 3: Create the swept feature.

Make layer 22 the work layer and all other layers invisible.
Make layer 23 selecta ble.
Choose the Sweep along Guide icon.

(Insert→Sweep→Sweep along Guide)
Set the Curve option to Feature Curves in the Selection Intent

toolbar.

Select one of the I-beam sketch curves as the section string (1).
The I-b e a m is a sketch feature so all of the curves in the I-beam
are selected except the reference line.
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Choose OK. (MB2)
Verify that the Curve option to Feature Curves in the Selection

Intent toolbar.
Select one of the curves from the sketch on layer 23 as the

guide string (2).
Choose OK. (MB2)
Verify that the First Offset and Second Offset are both set
to 0 (zero).
Choose OK. (MB2)

Choose Create.
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Cancel the Sweep along Guide dialog.
Step 4: Unite the new swept solid with the existing solid.
Make layer 1 the work layer.
Fit the view. (MB3→Fit)
Choose the Unite icon. (Insert→Combine Bodies→Unite)
Select the first solid body created as the target body.
Select the swept I-beam body as the tool body.

Choose OK. (MB2)
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Activity — Sweeping Along a Closed Guide String
In this activity, you will swee p an open section string along a closed guide
string to create a solid bod y.
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Step 1: Open the swept_guide_1 part.
Step 3: Create the swept feature.
Choose the Sweep along Guide icon.

(Insert→Sweep→Sweep along Guide)
Verify the Curve option is set to Feature Curves in the

Selection Intent toolbar.
Select the sketch of the open profile (1) as the section string.
Choose OK. (MB2)

Select the sketch of the closed profile (2) as the guide string.
14 Choose OK. (MB2)
Choose OK to accept the direction. (MB2)
Verify that the First Offset and Second Offset are set to 0
(zero).
Choose OK. (MB2)

The open section string was swept along the full length of the
guide string and the system automatically caps the open ends
to produce a solid body.
The Sweep along Guide function may be used to sweep any

section string along a guide string.

Step 4: Optional Challenge — Undo the creation of the solid and create
it again specifying a .25 single offset toward the outside of the
curves. The part should resemble the figure shown below.
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Revolve
The Revolve option (Insert? Design Feature? Revolve) allows you to create a
feature by rotating a section string about an axis through spec ified angles. The
Revolve feature requires a section (1), a location and direction for the rotation
axis (2), and Start and End angles (3,4). The angles can be specified by using
drag handles, keying in values in the dynamic input boxes, or in
a dialog.
14
You can also revolve a sketch by placing the cursor over it in the
graphics window and choosing the Revolve option in the MB3 pop-up
menu.

The Revolve dialog is displayed and provides a single user interface to specify
Angular Limits, Offset, and a Boolean operation.
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Rules for Revolving Section String Objects

• As with extruded sections, a solid or sheet body is created based on the
closure condition of the curves and Body Type setting. The Body Type
setting is found under Preferences→Modeling but can also be set in
the Revolve dialog (after choosing the More Options icon).
• When revolving an open section string a full 360°, the end faces will be
automatically capped to produce a solid body if the Body Type option is
set to Solid.
• The Right Hand rule determines the direction of the sweep. You can
reverse the direction by double -clicking on the axis vector in the graphics
window or by choosing the Reverse Direction icon in the dialog.
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Activity — Creating Revolved Features

In this activity, you will create revolved features.
Step 1: Open the swept_revolve_1 part.
The part contains a sketch to be used as the section string and a
datum axis to be used as the axis of revolution.
Step 3: Revolve an open section string.

Place the cursor over the sketch and choose MB3? Revolve.
14
Key in the following values for the Angular Limits:
Start = 0
End = 360
Choose MB2.
Select the Datum A xis in the graphics window.
Choose OK (MB2).
A solid revolved body is created from the open section string.
If you wanted to create a solid body with a sweep of less than
360°, the section string must be closed or offsets must be
speci fied.

Step 4: Revolve an open section string with an offset.

Now, you will use the same section string to create a new revolved
body using an offset to form a shell.
Choose Undo. (MB3→Undo or Ctrl-Z)
Place the cursor over the sketch again and choose

MB3? Revolve.
Turn the Offset option on in the Revolve dialog.
Key in the following values:
Start (Limit) = 0
End (Li mit) = 180 14
Start (Offset) = 0
End (Offset) = .25
Choose MB2.
Select the Datum A xis in the graphics window.
Choose OK. (MB2)
Notice that the revolution starts at the plane of the curves and
revolves in a counterclockwise direction with respect to the
positive axis of rotation (the Datum Axis). The Right Hand
Rule for Positive Rotation applies.
Step 5: Revolve a solid face.

Now, you will close one end of the solid by revolving the edges of an
existing face.

Choose the Revolve icon.

(Insert→Design Feature→Revolve)
Set the Curve option to Face Edges in the Selection Intent

toolbar.
Select the solid face (1) as shown.
14
Start Angle = 0
End Angle = –90
Choose MB2.
Select the short edge, as shown belo w, as the inferred rotation

axis vecto r.
Choose OK. (MB2)
Step 6: Unite the new revolved solid body with the existing solid body.

Select the target (1) and tool solid (2) as shown below.
14
Choose OK. (MB2)
Step 7: Optional Challenge — This shell is one of two molded parts that
must fit together. Add a lip to the outside edge of the part by
extending the outside edges of the top planar face with an offset
value and height value equal to half the shell thickness.
Step 8: Close the part and do not save.

Activity — Adding a Revolved Feature to the Draglink

In this activity you will continue to develop the draglink part by adding a
revolved feature.
Step 1: Make ***_draglink_1 the work part.
14
Step 3: Revolve a section string (1) to create a feature (2).

Make layer 24 selectable to view the section string (1) and make
all other layers invisible. Layer 1 will remain the work layer.
Choose the Revolve icon.

(Insert→Design Feature→Revolve)

Verify the Curve option is set to either Any or Feature Curves

in the Selection Intent toolbar.
Select the sketch (1) shown below as the section string.
14
Choose MB2.
Select the vertical line shown (2) to define the vector for the
axis of revo lution.
Start Angle = 0
End Angle = 360
Choose OK. (MB2)

Step 4: Unite the new revolved solid body with the existing solid body.
Select the existing solid body as the target body.
Select the new revolved solid body as the tool bod y.
Choose OK. (MB2)
14

Activity — E xtrudin g to a Fac e
In this activity you will complete the development of the draglink part.
Step 1: Make sure ***_draglink_1 is the work part.
14
Step 2: Extrude a section string to a face.

Make layer 25 selectab le and all other layers invisible. Layer 1
should still be the work layer.
The section string geometry (1) is now visible.
Choose the Extrude icon.

(Insert→Design Feature→Extrude)
Verify the Curve option is set to Any or Feature Curves in the

Selection Intent toolbar.

Select the sketch (1) as the section string.
14 Change the Boolean option to Subtract.
Choose R everse Direction so that the drag handle points

down into the existing solid.
Verify the Start (Limit) value is set to 0.
Cha nge the End (Limit) option to Until Next.
The length of the extrusion is determined by the first face it

intersects which is the bottom face of the part.

Choose OK. (MB2)
14
Step 3: Save and close the part.

Summary
Swept features are created by extruding, revolving, or sweeping a section
string. The section string may be composed of sketch curves, explicit curves,
solid edge s, solid faces, and sheet bodies.
Boolean operations are used to create a single solid body out of two or more
existing solid bodie s.
In this lesson you:
• Created extruded features.
• Created an extruded feature with offsets.
• Created a feature by sweeping a section string along a guide.

14
• Created a revolved feature.
• Applied boolean operations.

Lesson13-Swept Features and Boolean PDF

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Lesson

13 Swept Features and Boolean

This lesson introduces Swept Features and Boolean Operations.

• Create an extruded feature with offsets.

• Create a feature by sweeping a profile along a guide string.

• Create a revolved feature.

©UGS Corporatio n, A ll Rights Re s e rve d Modeling NX4 1 3- 1

Types of Swept Features

14 A Revolved feature is produced by rotating a section string (1) around a

A Sweep Along Guide feature is produced by sweeping a section string (1)

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Selecting Sketches U sing Selection Intent

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Rules for Extruding Section String Objects

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Activity — Starting the Draglink

Step 1: Open the swept_draglink_1 part and save it as ***_draglink_1

Step 2: Start the Modeling application.

Step 3: Extrude the sketch.

Double-click the direction vector in the graphics window so

Key in 152.5 for the End value.

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Step 4: Save the part.

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Boolean operations may also be created as separate features by choosing the

Creating the Boolean operations as separate features allows you to

Defining Target and Tool Solids

The target solid passes its attributes on to the Boolean operation

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©UGS Corpor ation, All Rights Re s er ve d Modeling NX4 1 3- 11

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Start and E n d Limit Options

Value Key in a numeric value or a formula for the limit.

These options are also available in an MB3 pop-up menu in the

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Extrude with Offs et

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Start Offset Zero

Start Offset Zero

Start Offset Negative

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Extrud e with Draft

Rules for Extruding with Draft

• A positive taper angle creates an inward taper (A).

• A negative angle creates an outward taper (B).

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Activity — Extruding with Offsets

Step 2: Start the Modeling application.

Step 3: Create a tube by extruding with an offset.

Choose the Extrude icon.

Select the inside, large circle as the section string.

Change the Boolean option to Unite.

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Turn the Offset option on.

Choose Apply (Ctrl-MB2).

Fit the view.

Step 4: Create a flange at the top of the cylinder.

1 3- 1 8 Modeling NX4 ©UGS C or poration , All Rights Reserve d br10050_g NX 4

Verify the Curve option is set to Single Curve in the Selection

Select the top outer edge of the cylindrical extrusion.

Change the Boolean option to Unite.