Operating the K15

MMT
 Platform

4 Mainframe
0 cPCI bus with 5 slots for interface cards
0 Housing with PC board, PENTIUM M 1.8
GHz, 2 GB RAM
0 2 HDD: 60 GB and 500 GB
0 TFT 15” color (1024x768)
0 Integrated Key Board, Touch-pad
0 4 LAN Ethernet 10/100/1000 support
0 4 USB 2.0
0 RS-232, DVI-I
0 Sound capabilities (Speaker Out, Line
In, Mic In)
0 Windows XP Embedded Operating
System

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 Interface Boards

4 Single slot boards (PowerWAN and PowerWAN Light)

0 4 x E1/T1/J1 PCM links* (PWL)
0 8 x E1/T1/J1 PCM links* (PW)
0 4 x E1/T1/J1 PCM links* + 2 x 10/100 Mbit/s fast
Ethernet links (PWL)

4 Double slot boards (PCE-2)

0 Each board can be equipped with either
1 or 2 LIF modules
0 Any combination of available LIF modules can be
used
4 4 x E1/T1/J1 ATM links*
4 2 x STM-1/OC3 optical links*
0 HSL (ATM) support
0 IMA (Inverse Multiplex over ATM) support
* bi-directional links

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 Basic Features

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 Hardware Configuration (1)

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 Hardware Configuration (2)

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 Hardware Configuration
ATM STM-1 Port

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 Hardware Configuration
ATM E1/DS1 Port

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 Monitoring Measurement Scenarios on K15

Online

Processing elements

Offline
• playback record file

Offline
• record viewer

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 Setup Logical Links
… is a channel that establishes an logical assignment between
the hardware and a specific protocol stack

Logical Links

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 Setup HSL Link

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 Setup GPRS Gb Link (1)

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 Setup GPRS Gb Link (1)

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 Setup GPRS Gb Link (2)

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 Setup GPRS Gb Link (2)

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 Setup Ethernet Link

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 Setup Ethernet Link

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 Setup Ethernet Link

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 Setup Ethernet Link

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 Setup ATM Link (1)

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 Setup ATM Link (1)

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 Setup ATM Link (1)

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 Setup ATM Link for IuUP Interface (2)

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 Setup ATM Link for IuUP Interface (2)

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 Setup ATM Link for Iub Interface (3)

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 Setup ATM Link for Iub Interface (3)

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 Setup ATM Link for Iub Interface (3)

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 Stream to Disk Data Collection

4 Internal Stream-to-disk
0 Up to 20 Mbit/s without decoding
0 Up to 8 Mbit/s while running UMTS
real-time
multi-interface call trace
applications

4 External Mass storage

expansion
0 SCSI connection to an external
mass storage system
0 Ethernet connection to a local
server

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 Stream to Disk Data Collection

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 Stream to Disk Data Collection

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 Stream to Disk Data Collection

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 Stream to Disk Data Collection

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 Monitor

4 Overview of data
flow shows if there
is any message
missing
4 Detailed decoding
of dataflow shows,
if all parameters are
correct and
available
4 Latest protocol
implementations,
even Features
can be shown in
mnemonic

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 Support Protocols

4 Transport Narrowband 4 GSM and PCS

4 Transport SCCP 4 GPRS
4 Transport Package Data 4 UMTS
4 Transport Broadband 4 CDMA and CDMA2000
4 TUP/ISUP 4 HSL
4 Intelligent Network 4 IP

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 Column Configuration

4 Customize
Shortview column
settings
4 Save column
configuration
4 Different timestamp
formats for
date/timestamp
display available

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 Short Column Configuration

4 Free
configuration of
Shortview
4 Add each single
parameter from
Frameview with
a key- or mouse
click

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 Filter (1)

4 Powerful Filter and Search

0Links
0Protocols, Messages and Parameters
0Error Events
0Frame Type
0Timestamp / Length

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 Filter (1)
Filter By Link

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 Filter (2)
Protocol Filter

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 Filter (3)
Advanced Protocol Filter
4 Definition of logical OR / AND relations between protocol filter
expressions
0 In addition “Expert Mode” is available
4 User Assistance by intelligent selection of configured list items

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 Filter (4)
Filter By Error Event

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 Filter (5)
Filter By Frame Type

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 Filter (6)
Filter By Timestamp / Length

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 Triggers (1)

4 Detect weaknesses, e.g.

0 protocol decoding
0 error messages in release
causes
0 forbidden messages

4 Announce them to the user

0 popping up message box
0 start action, e.g creation of a
recording

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 Trigger (2)
4 “Record with prolog and epilog”
(define kb size of frames to record
before/after event; Trigger enables
recording; ability to record multiple
trigger-events, in case trigger
condition occurs multiple times)

– “Recurring Trigger Events”

(i.e. daily or weekly trigger setting,
perform special actions multiple
times)

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 Protocol Help

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 Protocol Stack Editor

4 Add, delete, configure

protocols in stack

4“Stack View”
displays the stack
structure: items
(protocols) and their
relations

4“Layer View”
displays parameter
information on
selected protocols

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 Single Parameter Relation

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 Multiple Parameter Relation

Multiple parameter relations are needed for the use of some Layer Specific
Applications (LSA) and to combine several parameter relations to one
condition.

Likewise all other relations the multiple parameter relation will be set or
modified in the Protocol Setup Dialog.

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 Multiple Parameter Relation

After changing the type of relation to Multiple Parameter the user can edit
the relation string in an extra edit Multiple Parameter Relation dialog*

* The user can obtain a detailed description and hints about the syntax of the relation string
from the online help. The feature is designed for advanced user only.

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 NTP Time Stamp Synchronization

4 NTP server
NTP sync 0 mounted on one instrument
Dallas (e.g. instrument Chicago 1)
LAN/WAN
0 installed anywhere
(e.g. server in Dallas)
Chicago 2 4 Automatic
HLR synchronization
Chicago 1 0 each instrument synchs
SGSN
GGSN with the NTP server
0 +/- 10ms accuracy
RNC
within a LAN/WAN*

Uu

Node B
Internet
*Assuming the LAN/WAN guarantees
network jitter lower than 3ms

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 Supports GPS Time Stamp
Synchronization
4 K15 supports GPS synchronization
0 Provides time stamp accuracy better that +/- 1 ms
0 GPS antenna and cabling are supplied
0 Enhanced time stamp accuracy for time sensitive measurement

GPS GPS

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 NTP - Service Configuration

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 Recording File Merge

4 Merge multiple RF5

recordings collected
Chicago 2
from several K15
0 To perform off-line LAN/WAN
analysis Dallas
0 To perform multi-site
analysis HLR

SGSN
Chicago 1 GGSN

RNC

Internet
Uu

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 Recording File Merge

4 Merge MULTIPLE Files

from different sources or
units
4 Merge them with
TIMESTAMP OFFSET

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 Applications (1)

4 Abis Monitor 4 Count All Messages

0 Analyze mobile networks
4 BHCA
0 Determination of busy hours
4 Call Monitor
0 Generation of connection statistics
4 CallTrace / Sequencer
0 Tracing of Specific Calls / Transactions
4 Multi Interface Call Trace (MICT)
0 Classify/counts received messages sorted
according to protocols
4 Erlang Traffic Measurement
0 Measurement of signaling load on logical
links
4 Statistics
0 Classify/count received signaling on basis
of different criteria
0 Graphical and alphanumerical evaluation
4 Timeslot Audio Extraction

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 Applications (2)

Run two
applications
in one
pipeline

4 select data belonging to a special

group of calls
(like Calltrace / Sequencer)
4 then do some statistics or run
other applications based on this
“presorted” data
4 free in configuration

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 Tracing of Specific Calls / Transactions
4 “Zoom” into related messages by 4 Available
pressing one button for
4 Tracing calls 0 SS#7
0 complete or partial call information 0 ISUP
as criteria e.g. CalledNo, IMSI, TMSI, IMEI 0 TUP
0 trace calls for certain release causes 0 INAP
4 Sorting of messages by Sequencer 0 Gx
– A
– Abis
– MAP
– IS41

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 CallTrace / Sequencer (1)

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 CallTrace / Sequencer (2)

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 CDR Application

4 Record detailed call information

(i.e. called / calling party number, duration of the call,
Hold Time, Wait Time, Response Time, …)
4 integrated in calltrace application
4 writes results into a CSV file (easy import into i.e. MS
Excel) for post processing
4 available for ISUP
(other interfaces in development)

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 CDR Viewer

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 Multi Interfaces CallTrace (1)

4 Select the call trace types in the Scenario Configuration

4 Click from the auto-detected logical links the relevant protocols
stacks

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 Multi Interfaces CallTrace (2)

Status Reports

4 Input search criteria also by using wildcards

4 Up-to-date Status Reports on all calls and calls from each
tested interface separately

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 Multi Interfaces CallTrace (3)

Allowed search parameters are:

- IMSI (Gr, Gb, Gn)
- P-TMSI (Abis, Gb)
- TLLI (Abis, Gb)
- IMEI (Gb, Gr)
- MSISDN (Gn, Gr)
- MSRN (Gr)
- Handset IP Address (Gb, Gn)
- Destination IP Address (Gb, Gn)
Wildcard * can be used to search for
a range of parameters

If signalling parameters that identify the subscriber change while the

session is in progress, correlation is carried out automatically.

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 Multi Interfaces CallTrace (4)

Drill down from the

“Overview Window” to the
“Arrow Diagram” and to
the “Monitoring Window”

* This is a GPRS example

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 Multi Interface CallTrace (5)

The Multi Interface Call/Transaction Trace support

several scenarios and several technologies

UMTS CDMA2000
4 Iub, Iu-CS, Iu-PS, Gr 4 A1, A10/A11

GPRS/EDGE GSM/SS7
4 Abis, A, Gb, Gr, Gn/Gp 4 ISUP, INAP

e.g. Up to 4000 calls on Iub can be traced

simultaneously in real-time

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 Single Interface CallTrace

The same graphical environment is also available

for Single Interface Call/Procedure Trace for the
following interfaces and the following technologies

UMTS CDMAone/CDMA2000
4 Iub, Iu-CS, Iu-PS 4 A1, A10/A11, IS-41 MAP

GPRS/EDGE GSM/SS7
4 Abis, Gb, Gr, Gn/Gp 4 A, MAP, ISUP, INAP

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 Statistics for Various Purposes

4 50 user
user--defined
counters
4 Graphical presentation
4 Counters defined by
0protocols
0messages
0parameters
0limits
4 Import results in
i.e. Excel, Dbase
or Access

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 Statistics (1)

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 Statistics (2)

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 Abis Monitor (1)

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 Abis Monitor (2)

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 Busy Hour Call Attempt

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 Call Data

4 Application “Call Monitor”

0Average call time
0Average conversation time
0Average call setup time
0Number of successful / non successful calls
0Percentage of successful calls
0Counter for each release cause
0Writes CSV files
4 export into various applications for graphical statistics

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 Count All

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 Erlang Measurement

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 Timeslot Audio Extraction

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 Offline Analysis Software

4 Powerful offline post processing of recorded data on

your office PC !
4 Analyze and playback K1103, K1205, K1297 and K15
recording files
4 Full functionality as on a K15

4 All applications and statistics are available

4 Triggers and Filters
4 Runs only with Windows SP / Windows 2000

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 Recording File Viewer for PC’s

4 Offline Analysis of recorded data on your office PC !

4 Analyze K1103, K1205, K1297 and K15 recordings
4 Powerful filter functions are available
4 Runs on Windows SP, 2000
4 Some Features
0Protocol stack editor
0Complete search and filtering possibilities
0Filter and filter templates creation offline for use in K15
0Zooming as with K15

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 GPRS Monitoring
Features and Applications

MMT
 GPRS / EDGE
4 All interfaces available
0 Gb-, Gn-, Gi-, Gs-, Gr-, Gf-, Gc-, Gd-, Ga- interface
4 Monitoring of GPRS Abis
0 Alcatel, Ericsson, Lucent, Motorola,
Nokia, Nortel, Siemens
4 Realtime Call Traces
0 Gb
0 Gn/Gp
0 Gr/Gc
0 Parameters for selection
4 IMSI / MSISDN / MSRN / IMEI / TMSI / IP Address / Cause Value
4 Fractional / Unchannelized Mode implemented
4 Software for all actual SMG and 3GPP versions, incl.
manufacturer specific Abis packages

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 GPRS / EDGE

4 GPRS Gb Analyzer
4 GERAN Multimedia Services
(Multi vendor EDGE Abis protocol suite)
4 GPRS MM/SM Statistics
4 Service Profile Statistics
4 Gb Deciphering Solution
4 RLC/MAC Reassembling
4 SNDCP Reassembling on Gb
4 GPRS File Mutator

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - What for?

4 Monitoring and analysis of actual subscriber

activities and crucial QoS parameters at the Gb-
interface
4 Obtaining valuable information on GMM, SM
procedures, QoS parameters and service usage
4 Troubleshooting at the Gb-interface
(e.g. based on detected failed GMM, SM procedures)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - So what?

4 Identify and analyze problems (e.g. caused by

subscriber activities) easily and rapidly

4 Enable analysis of network performance

4 Understand how and which services are used

4 Cost-effective application for K12 users

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (1)

4 Displays important information for thousands of GPRS

sessions
(e.g. IMSI, P-TMSI, current state, Attach type, …)
4 Displays and stores statistical output in tabulated format
4 Measures signaling performance
4 Monitors and analyzes important QoS parameter (e.g.
requested vs. negotiated vs. actual)
4 Evaluates service usage and their duration
4 Operates Online and Offline
4 Is part of K12xx basic SW

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (2)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (2)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (2)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (3)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (4)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (5)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (5)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (5)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (5)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (6)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (7)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (7)

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 GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (8)

Available Statistics

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 EDGE
Siemens, Ericsson, Nokia, Nortel, Alcatel Abis support

Timeslot allocation on Abis EDGE interface is carried out dynamically.

The universal decoder tracks every timeslot allocation and decodes its
content automatically.

4 Autoconfiguration
4 Semi automatic configuration, Tracking and Decoding
0 Based on the so called Universal Decoder
0 Supported Siemens and Ericsson
4 Manual configuration and Decoding
0 Supported for Nokia 10.5, Alcatel B8, Nortel V.14, V.15

The Abis Autoconfiguration and Universal Decoder reduces the overhead

time needed to configure the instrument.

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 Abis protocols support

4 Nokia
0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (S11, S11.5)
4 Ericsson
0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (R8,R9,R9.1,R10,R11,R12)
4 Siemens
0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (BR4.5 … BR9.0)
4 Alcatel
0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (B7, B7.2, B8)
4 Nortel
0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (V14.x, V15.x, V16)
4 Motorola
0GSM/GPRS (1.6.2x7, 1.7.0x3)

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 Abis Autoconfiguration (1)

4 Siemens (BR 9.0, 8.0, 7.0)

4 Nortel (V16)
4 Nokia (S11.5, S11)
4 Ericsson (R12, R11, R10, R9.1, R9)

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 Abis Autoconfiguration (2)

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 Abis Autoconfiguration (2)

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 Abis Autoconfiguration (3)

Start

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 Abis Autoconfiguration (4)

Summary

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 Abis Autoconfiguration (5)

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 Universal Decoder (1)

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 Universal Decoder (2)

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 Universal Decoder (3)

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 Universal Decoder (4)

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 GPRS MM/SM Statistics (1)

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 GPRS MM/SM Statistics (2)

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 GPRS Deciphering Solution

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 Ciphering in GPRS networks ...

… is intended as a secure transmission of data over

the
air interface
… is performed between SGSN and MS through the
GPRS encryption algorithm (GEA/x). As of
Release 98 only GEA/1
GEA/1 is available.
… is applied to signaling data and payload.
… is one task of protocol layer LLC
(GSM 04.
04.64
64))
… is mandatory for GPRS terminals

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 GPRS Ciphering - Methodology
Input Direction Input Direction

Kc GEA/x Kc GEA/x
Output Output

Unciphered Deciphered
Ciphered
Frame Frame Frame

MS or SGSN SGSN or MS

4 GPRS Encryption Algorithm (GEA/x) has three input parameters:

0Ciphering Key Kc
0Transfer direction
0Frame dependent input variable
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 Deciphering in GPRS networks
Kc

For I- and S- Frames

4 F{ IOV and N(S)}
GEAx Direction Bit (0/1)
For UI-Frame
4 F{IOV and N(u)}

Cipher Sequence

Encrypted Bits Head FCS Data Field Head

Data Flow

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 GPRS Deciphering Solution on K15 (1)

4 Deciphering on Gb- Interface

0Three operation modes
4 Full Automatic Mode
Automatic recognition of up to 1000 IMSIs and their
corresponding Kc values at the same time.
4 Half Automatic Mode
Automatic recognition of all Kc values after manual input of up
to 1000 IMSIs.
4 Manual Mode
Manual input of up to 1000 IMSIs and their corresponding Kc
values.
0Support of GEA1 and GEA2
0Online (and Offline)

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 GPRS Deciphering Solution on K15 (2)

HLR

Encryption Gr

Enciphered messages on Gb Gb
BSS/
SGSN
PCU

K1205

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 GPRS Deciphering Solution on K15 (3)

HLR

Encryption Gr

Enciphered messages on Gb
Deciphered Gb
BSS/
SGSN
PCU

Decipher

K1205

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 GPRS Deciphering Solution on K15 (4)

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 K12xx RLC/MAC reassembling

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 K15 RLC/MAC reassembling - What for?

4 Pick up frames that are cut into slices of different

sizes dependent on the coding scheme and assemble
them to the original frame (LLC and RLC control)
SNDCP GMM,SM SMS
Header Data
LLC

Reassembler SNDCP GMM,SM SMS

LLC
RLC BSSGP

MAC NS

GSM RF (PCU Frames) Frame Relay, IP

GPRS Abis Gb

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 K15 RLC/MAC reassembling - So what?

4 Monitoring and analysis of entire LLC frames and

RLC control frames are feasible already at the GPRS
Abis interface

4 Improvement of technicians working efficiency

4 Enabling functional testing and troubleshooting on

GPRS Abis interface

4 Strengthen Tektronix outstanding position for

non-intrusive GPRS testing

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 K15 RLC/MAC reassembling - Features (1)

4 Support of GPRS technology (all coding schemes)

4 Reassembling of segmented LLC and RLC control
frames
4 Support of single slot and multi-slot mobiles
0Reassembling of segmented frames for all mobiles, in case the
Temporary Block Identifier (TFI) is unique inside a measurement
scenario (set of logical links)
0In case the TFI is not unique inside a measurement scenario (e.g.
different mobiles using the same TFI) reassembling can be carried out if
only one mobile transmits fragments in the measurement scenario
4 Support of Siemens-PCU, Ericsson-PCU, Nokia-PCU
4 Online mode and Offline mode

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 K15 RLC/MAC reassembling - Features (2)

4 Potential Feature extensions

0Reassembling of segmented frames (LLC, RLC control) for all
mobiles even if the TFI is not unique inside a measurement
scenario
0Support of Nortel-PCU, Alcatel-PCU, Motorola-PCU Lucent-PCU
0Support of EDGE technology
0Usage improvements
Main question:

“Need to have” or “Nice to have” ?

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 SNDCP Reassembling on Gb

MMT
 SNDCP Reassembling on Gb (1/3)

TCP/IP and UDP/IP user data frames containing upper layer

application protocols like WAP, HTTP, FTP are often segmented by
the SNDCP protocol layer into smaller PDUs. Due to this
segmentation, simple protocol analysis cannot be used on the Gb
interface to understand what kind of information is flowing.

By reassembling these smaller PDUs called SN-PDUs, the

application enables the user to have full access to GPRS
subscriber payload (e.g. WAP over TCP over IP over SNDCP) in
order to analyze subscriber activity and behavior
(e.g. visited web site and downloaded web pages).

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 SNDCP Reassembling on Gb (2/3)

When necessary the application reassembles

TCP/IP and UDP/IP data frames on top of the SNDCP layer on the Gb I/f

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 SNDCP Reassembling on Gb (3/3)

An IP frame has been segmented into 4 PDUs.

The SNDCP reassembling application

puts them together as highlighted in yellow

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 GPRS File Mutator

MMT
 GPRS File Mutator (1/3)

Technicians using the K12xx often need to exchange GPRS .RF5

files in order to share data and better analyse problems.

These .RF5 files contain sensitive data related to subscriber

identity (e.g. IMSI, IMEI, MSISDN), location (e.g. CID, RAI, LAI)
and activity (e.g. APN, destination IP address).

When exporting .RF5 files, the application allows to mask these

sensitive parameters: data privacy and subscriber anonymity is
guaranteed and at the same time general data analysis activities
can be still carried out (e.g. protocol analysis, call trace, statistics).

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 GPRS File Mutator (2/3)

The application is an .exe file that can be run on the K12xx or on a PC

Select a source .RF5 file, select a destination .RF5 file, press GO.
The application will create a .RF5 file with masked sensitive parameters.

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 GPRS File Mutator (3/3)

Parameters to mask and specific mask to apply can be chosen by the user

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 UMTS Monitoring
Features and Applications

MMT
 UMTS Applications

4 Iub Autoconfiguration
4 Iub Dechiphering
4 Iub Monitor
4 Iu Monitor
4 IuX Statistics
4 UMTS High Speed Multimedia Services
(3.5G HSDPA protocol suite)
4 UMTS Videotelephony
(H.324M/3G-324M protocol suite for real time video
service)

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 Automatic UMTS Iub monitoring
configuration
An expert software allows plug and play
Iub monitoring operations
0only few minutes required to set-up the instrument
0the expert software automates all the configuration process
0non-intrusive configuration (Node-B restart is not required)
0NBAP, ALCAP are identified for each Node-B
0FACH, RACH, PCH are identified for each cell
0DCHs are identified for each call
The expert software sets the instrument in
“auto-learning” mode and a proprietary algorithm
identify the relevant parameters.

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 Auto Configuration Wizard I

A wizard guides the user through all

the required steps

4Auto learning period definition

0 amount of time the application
shall listen to Iub traffic to
understand Iub configuration

4On-line monitoring scenario properties

0 possibility to extract information about
the CS/PS user plane

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 Auto Configuration Wizard II

A wizard guides the user

through all the required steps

4Traffic type selection

0 NBAP
0 ALCAP
0 RACH
0 FACH
0 PCH

4Boards/ports selection
0 boards
0 ports
0 VPI/VCI/CID ranges

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 Auto Configuration Wizard III

A wizard guides the user through

all the required steps

4Network parameters selection

0 vendor type
0 # of cells,
0 # of node Bs

4Protocol versions/stacks selection

0 NBAP
0 ALCAP
0 RRC traffic

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 Auto Configuration Wizard IV
4 The wizard is designed
to support different
skill levels during the
configuration process
0 provides default input
values to assist
non-expert users
0 allows maximum flexibily
in setting advanced
parameters to enable
expert-users to speed-up
the auto-configuration

4 Once the configuration process is over

0 the application starts scanning
the Iub interface
0 the logical links are automatically
configured on the K15

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 UMTS Iub ciphering for Confidentiality
4 Ciphering in UMTS is performed between UE and RNC over Uu (Air) and
Iub
4 When ciphering is active, RRC and NAS messages are encrypted
0 RRC (Radio Resource Control) messages contain key information for Radio Network
Optimization
0 NAS (Non Access Stratum) messages contain key information for Network
Troubleshooting (Mobility Management - MM, Session Management - SM, Call Control -
CC)

4 When ciphering is active, Network Optimization and Network

Troubleshooting activities cannot be carried out with a traditional
protocol analyzer

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 K15 Iub deciphering
4 K15 needs to be physically connected to Iub and Iu
4 Ciphering Keys and Ciphering Parameters (quintuplets) are collected
from the Iu interface and fed to the deciphering algorithm which de-
encrypts the flow of messages on Iub allowing full access to the
content of the protocol messages
4 Automatic Mode (no user intervention) or Manual Mode (insertion of
IMSI, CS ciphering key, PS ciphering key) operations are supported
4 Real Time and Off Line operations are supported

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 K15 Iub deciphering benefits
4 Network Troubleshooting (monitoring NAS messages on Iub) and
Network Optimization (monitoring RRC messages on Iub) activities
can be accomplished even if ciphering is activated in the network
because full access to the content of all protocol messages is
guaranteed anyway
4 Must have in live ciphered network, where it is not feasible to de-
activate ciphering, because this would cut-off existing users and
would jeopardize the security/privacy of the transmitted content
4 Enables to test in the lab/test plant the impact of Iub
ciphering/deciphering on network element/network behaviour and
performance
4 Full access to troubleshooting in ciphered multi-technology
GPRS/UMTS environment thanks to the support of GPRS Gb
deciphering (extended to support quintuplets) and UMTS Iub
deciphering

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 Iub Monitor
Port Settings

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 Iub Monitor
Port Settings

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 Iub Monitor
Parameter Setup for NBAP

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 Iub Monitor
Parameter Setup for ALCAP

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 Iub Monitor
NBAP Monitor Output

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 Iub Monitor
ALCAP Monitor Output

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 Iub Monitor
Configuration of the Common Control Channels

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 Iub Monitor
Common Control Channels Advanced Logical Link
Settings and Frame Processing Parameter

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 Iub Monitor
Link Assignment

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 Iub Monitor
Common Configuration

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 Iu Monitor
Configuration of RANAP and ALCAP

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 Iu Monitor
Path ID Mapping

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 Iu Monitor
Operating Mode

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 Iu Monitor
Link Configuration after Iu Monitor has been Started

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 Iu Monitor
Bearier Capability Check

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 Iu Monitor
Example of result

H.245 Control Messages drop out of the datastream H223 Data flow and MUXPDUs

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 UMTS IuX Statistics - Setup

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 UMTS IuX Statistics - Result

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 HSDPA – 3.5G High Speed Multimedia Services
Decoding support for NEM and NO

4 ARC Group predicts that Operators will increasingly adopt so-called

“3.5G” technologies, mainly High-Speed Download Packet Access
(HSDPA), TDD UMTS and proprietary technologies such as Flarion’s
Flash OFDN, in order to increase the potential revenues from high-
speed multimedia services with a limited incremental investment
over the 3G infrastructure and without waiting for the availability of
full 4G solutions, that ARC thinks will arrive in around 2010.
4 HDSPA is standardised as an element of the 3GPP Rel.5 W-CDMA
specification; it provides a two-fold improvement in network
capacity and boosts data speed up to five times, to over 10Mbps,
with user speeds of 2Mbps expected to be practically achievable.
The competitive pressure from CDMA2000 1xEV-DO will likely result
in an early deployment of HSDPA in Korea and in Japan, where
DoCoMo plans to have HSDPA live by end-2005. On the positive
side, HSDPA is also expected to compete, together with the
emerging WiMAX technology, for a share of the actual users of DSL
services.

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 H.324M – Real Time Video Services
Decoding support on Iu for H.245 and H.223

4 H.324M is a standard for low bitrate multimedia communication.

4 In 3G networks H.324M is used to specify the use of a dedicated 64kbps bearer
to transmit multiplexed voice, video as well as control and signaling information
on Iu-CS
4 The 3G-324M is an “umbrella standard” referencing other standards which
specify:
0 mandatory and optional video and audio codecs
0 the messages to be used for call set-up, control and tear-down (H.245)
0 the way that audio, video, control and other data are multiplexed and de-
multiplexed (H.223)
4 In order to support enhanced (and delay sensitive) video services, 3G phones as
well as network equipment are required to support the H.324M protocol.

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 Target customers for Video Quality
Analysis
4 UMTS Network Equipment Manufacturers development laboratories
0 Technicians verify the proper implementation of the H324M protocol suite and of the
audio/video codec H.264 and M-PEG4
0 Technicians verify the interoperability between different handsets model and the UMTS
network

4 UMTS Mobile Network Operators test plants

0 Technicians verify the interoperability between handsets and network element
4 UMTS Mobile Network Operators Operation and Maintenance
departments
0 Technicians verify the performance of the new video services in case there are
complaints about the video quality by customer
0 Technicians try to map reported video problems into underlying network problems in
order to understand the root cause

4 UMTS Mobile Network Operators Optimization departments

0 After having performed optimization activities, technicians look at the perceived user
video quality to understand if network reconfiguration activities have been effective

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 Test challenges for Video Telephony
4 Understand the root cause of the problem and what entity is
responsible for a bad video quality
0 A problem in the audio/video codec?
0 A radio interface congestion?
0 Failures in the video delivery platforms?
0 Problems in the handsets or in the network?
4 Video is not data and is very sensitive to packetized transmission
0 Encoder/Decoder problems, RF problems, Mux/De-Mux problems
4 Three main areas of concern
0 Performance Monitoring of network KPIs (Bitrates, Framerates, Connection Times)
0 Troubleshooting Video CODEC Elementary Stream Protocol problems (Protocol syntax,
Encoder functions)
0 Analyzing Video Picture Quality (Picture difference – PSNR Fidelity Analysis)

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 Mobile Video QoS Layers
Signal Analysis Function

Packetized Transmitted Transmission Channel

Video Content KPI Monitoring

Compressed Compressed H.263/MPEG-4 Protocol

Video Content Analysis

Baseband Video Video Picture Quality

Video Content Analysis

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 H.324M Case Study
“Pixelisation” - Root Causes Diagnosed
4 Case 1: macroblock errors inside the picture
0 Cause: loss of video update commands at air interface
and handover problems
4 Case 2: picture „noise“
0 Cause: normal noise of the digital camera inside the
picture: the better the camera , the lesser the noise of the
picture itself
4 Case 3: picture „blocking“ (8x8 pixel
macroblock)
0 Cause: low bandwidth for video picture compression
algorithm (MPEG-4, H.263)
4 Case 4: low frame update rate
0 Cause: MPEG-4 encoder too slow – use H.263 instead

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 H.324M Case Study - Lessons learned

4 All video codecs of the phones used in tests appeared to work

correct
0 Samsung Z105, Motorola V800, Sony Ericsson Z1010
0 Verified with Tektronix MTS4EA
4 Some phones failed the initial H.245 master / slave negotiation
0 Flaw in resolving situations where both phones used the same « random
value » to toss for the master resulted in drop of call
4 H.223 overall Bandwidth important
0 otherwise quantization effects disturb the video experience
4 Better video experience reached by selecting H.263 codec over
MPEG-4
0 Unfortunately, the default setting of all phones was MPEG-4

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 Tektronix H.324M Video QoS Solution

K15 monitors H.324M data on Iu-CS

interface

H.324M

Captured .3GP files can be

analyzed on any PC/Laptop by
MTS4EA Video Analysis Software

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 Tektronix end-to-end H.324M Video QoS
Solution

4 Monitors the Iu-CS Interface (Circuit Switched)

1. Automatically open DCH channels containing H.324M data
2. Demultiplexes H.223 Bytestreams
3. Decodes and Analyzes H.245 inband
signaling channel
4. Calculates Key Performance Indicators
4 Bitrates, Framerates, Connection Times
5. Extracts audio and video data to a .3GP file
4 AMR, H.263, MPEG-4
6. Decodes and Analyzes the Video Elementary
Stream (MTS4EA)
4 Decodes and Analyzes .3GP, H.263 and .MP4 files
4 Checks protocol syntax
4 Analyses Encoder functions
4 Analyses Picture Fidelity (PSNR – Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)

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 MTS4EA Video Fidelity Analysis
4 PSNR (Peak Signal
Noise Ratio)
4 Root Mean Square
Error
4 Mean Square Error
4 Mean Absolute
Difference
4 Sum Absolute
Difference

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 H.324M Case Study
Available Bandwidth - Impact on Video Quality
700
Call 1 Call 2 Call 3 Call 4 Call 5
600
overall call attempts
500 overall connected calls
successful (H.245 established) calls
average AUDIO-bitrate-RX
*100 bps

400 average AUDIO-bitrate-TX

average VIDEO-bitrate-RX
300 average VIDEO-bitrate-TX
average H.223-bitrate-RX
average H.223-bitrate-TX
200 average Video Framerate-RX (pics/s)
average Video Framerate-TX (pics/s)
100

0
11:34:34
11:35:16
11:35:58
11:36:40
11:38:29
11:39:11
11:39:53
11:42:07
11:42:49
11:43:31
11:46:50
11:47:32
11:48:15
11:48:57
11:49:39
11:50:21
Poor video experience –
insufficient video bandwidth, Fast
Good video experience – Update Requests can hardly be
sufficient video bandwidth answered
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 Distinctive Points
4 Tektronix solution enables to
0 Carry out Performance Monitoring of network KPIs (Bitrates, Framerates,
Connection Times)
0 Troubleshoot Video CODEC Elementary Stream Protocol problems (Protocol
syntax, Encoder functions)
0 Analyze Video Picture Quality (Picture difference – PSNR Fidelity Analysis)
4 We protect your investment by offering a Video Quality
Analysis solution with a software upgrade to your existing
UMTS test tool

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 Thank You
For Your Attendance

MMT