HDPE Manual: Lamasat

Lamasat HDPE Manual
Properties - Welding - Fittings - Design - Jointing

Introduction
Lamasat International Zambia Limited...

Product quality, exceptional customer service and environmental responsibility are phrases that have spearheaded our growth.
Lamasat International was registered in 2002 as a manufacturing company of pipes and polypropylene bags.
Since then the company has grown with investments to date of over US$ 60 million with a diverse range of
products and Services.The Company employs close to 900 staff.
Lamasat provides leadership in most of its chosen areas of business activity. We strive to ensure that
everything we do in our business reflects the highest of standards.
OUR FACILITIES
Our company's business activities are spread out at a number of locations around Lusaka, with our Head Office
being located in Chipwenpwenue Road off Kafue Road, Makeni, and Lusaka.
We continually invest to grow our portfolio of facilities and currently developing show room and warehousing
facilities along the busy Kafue Road in Lusaka
OUR PRODUCTSOur products are available in a wide range of sizes and specifications. The company
maintains high standards in its manufacturing facilities and its products are manufactured in compliance with
applicable products standards set by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS). In recognition of our
quality and excellence in our offerings, we were also conferred with the International Star Award for Quality- Gold
Category by the International Selection Committee of the Business Initiative Decisions of Paris, France.
Our range of products include
§ Pipes and fittings.
§ Water tanks- We make tanks ranging from 200litres to 12000 litres
§ Polypropylene bags-We have a capacity of over 200,000 bags per day
§ Aluminium- we manufacture aluminium doors, windows, partitions, kitchen and office furniture
§ Wood processing making furniture and fittings
§ Granite
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Lamasat is a quality-endorsed company, a signatory with the SABS confirming our commitment to not
only industry best practice but our strong engagement in environmental sustainability. Our factory is
accredited to ISO 9001:2008 and with SAI Global standards regularly exceeded our commitment to not
only meeting but exceeding product quality. Environmental standards and industry leading customer
service have us at the forefront of the pipe, alluminium and wood manufacturing industry.
I
www.lamasat.co.zm | Email: sales@lamasat.co.zm
Customer Care
OUR CUSTOMERS
We value all our customers. We believe that the customers' perceptions are the reality for our business; therefore,
serving our customers in a manner that will not only meet but exceed their expectations is of paramount
importance. In serving our esteemed customers, we strive to ensure that everything we do in our business
reflects the highest of standards.
What makes us different from other organizations is the passion we have for our customers and the values
underpinning our customer service:
A customer service philosophy

We have a philosophy that ensures that customer service is incorporated in the ideals of service and into the
day to day actions of the staff in our organizations
Customer service systems

We have implemented systems that ensure service delivery and to support and serve both the
customer and the customer service agents that support the customer.
We have invested in computer systems, websites, user manuals, product catalogues in order to
make the whole customer experience fulfilling, educative and enriching.
Customer service decisions

Our staff are empowered with the tools and the autonomy, the decision-making abilities to act for the
customer. We have invested in the training of our staff and provide management support to our staff
in the effort to meet the requirements.
Customer service vision

We recognize that good customer service is not achieved overnight. Therefore, we strive to ensure
there is vision, determination, and endurance in all our managers and staff in order to see that the
principles turn to action, actions turn to habits, and habits turn to the characteristics that keep
customers coming back.
Customer service area

We believe that our customer service areas must be convenient, easily accessible, spacious, modern and
comfortable.
ii
Contents
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)
Introduction................................................ 2 Fittings
Fabricated fittings............................................. 16
General Bends......................................................... 16
HDPE Pipe Material Advances........................ 3 Tees........................................................... 17
Quality Assurance............................................ 3 Reducers................................................... 17
Applications...................................................... 3 Stub Flange Detail......................................18
Features and Benefits...................................... 3 Tech-Stub Detail......................................... 18
Specifications................................................... 4 Victaulic Stub Detail................................... 18
Pipe Dimensions.............................................. 4 Moulded fittings................................................. 19
Coil Dimensions............................................... 5 Buttweld fittings......................................... 19
Compression fittings.................................. 29
Physical Properties Other fittings
Table of Physical Properties............................ 6 Lamasat Polypropylene Saddles............... 31
Comparison with other plastic materials.......... 7 Flanges...................................................... 32
The Stress Regression Line............................. 8 Tech fittings................................................ 34
Design Stress and Safety Factor..................... 9 Victaulic fittings.......................................... 34
Melt Flow Index................................................ 9
Tensile Strength............................................... 9
The effect of temperature change
Design Considerations
Working Pressure..................................... 9 Flow................................................................... 35
Sub Zero Temperature.............................. 10 Nomogram................................................. 35
Expansion and Contraction....................... 10 Flow Charts................................................ 36
Impact Resistance........................................... 10 Pressure Considerations................................... 44
Ultra Violet Resistance..................................... 10 Static.......................................................... 44
Flammability..................................................... 10 Dynamic..................................................... 44
Abrasion Resistance........................................ 10 Water Hammer........................................... 44
Temperature Considerations............................. 45
Effect on Pressure..................................... 45
Jointing Effect on Dimensions................................. 45
Permanent Trench Load Considerations............................. 45
Buttwelding............................................... 11 Soil and Traffic Loads................................ 45
Electrofusion welding................................ 11 Above Ground Installations............................... 48
Non-Permanent (detachable) Jointing Bending............................................................. 48
Tech System............................................. 11
Flanging.................................................... 11
Compression fittings................................. 11
Buttwelding principles
and jointing procedures
General............................................................ 12
The Lamasat System..........................................12
Equipment........................................................ 12
Jointing Method
Pre-Welding Checks................................. 12
Dummy Welds........................................... 13
Manual Welding Procedure....................... 13
The Rules of Butt-Fusion.......................... 14
Buttweld Time and Pressure Table.......... 15
2
General
HDPE Pipe Material Advances Quality Assurance
During the past 40 years or more, since HDPE Lamasat International (Z) Ltd
was first used to manufacture pipes, there have has been a SABS mark holder for over 7 years.
been considerable strides made in improving the
quality of material and its long term ability to Products are manufactured to the relevant SABS
withstand pressure. specifications at its plants in Lusaka.
Manufacturing facilities conform to
The first SABS specification (SABS 533) made the ISO 9001 of 2000 Quality Management
use of a design stress of 5 mPa. This specification system.
has now been superceded by SABS ISO 4427
which covers 3 different material grades viz: Fully audited Quality Control laboratories are
PE63, PE80 and PE100. These three material operational in Lusaka,
grades have different properties which enable where scheduled and random testing of products
them to be classified with minimum required is carried out.
strengths (MRS) of 6.3 MPa, 8.0 MPa and 10.0
MPa respectively. Applying a design coefficient of
1.25 (safety factor) to the MRS gives the design Applications
stress used by SABS ISO 4427 for these materials
(5.0 MPa, 6.3 MPa and 8.0 MPa respectively) with Lamasat International have for several years been
the result that the wall thickness for a particular confidently supplying their range of HDPE pipes,
size and class becomes progressively less as the Compression fittings and
change is made to a material with a higher MRS. Saddles for successful use in a variety of
potable water applications in the Civil, Agricultural,
Municipal, Mining and Industrial sectors. Because
of the good chemical resistance and abrasion
resistance properties they are also extensively
used in chemical, waste and slurry applications.
Features and Benefits
Features: Benefits:
Non Toxic Safe for potable water
Good impact strength Little handling and installation damage
Excellent corrosion resistance Long and efficient service life
Good chemical resistance Wide range of applications
Low mass Easy handling
Flexibility Easy installation
Long lengths available Fewer joints
Good abrasion resistance Can be used to pump slurries
Low friction losses Lower pumping costs
Several jointing methods Wide variety of applications
Extensive range of fittings Wide variety of installations
3
Specifications Pipe Dimensions
The HDPE pipes manufactured by Lamasat In this table it can be seen that SABS ISO 4427
International are manufactured to, and carry the have grouped together the different pressure
SABS mark for, SABS ISO 4427. These pipes are classes, produced from different material
manufactured from three different designated designations, under a common heading known as
materials viz: PE63, PE80 and PE100. the Standard Diameter (Dimension) Ratio or SDR.
The minimum wall thicknesses specified are not
exactly that which would be derived from a
calculation using Barlow's formula or the SDR but
are the rounded up values of the highest minimum
wall thickness calculated for any size and class in
the SDR group (see Design Stress and Safety
Factor on page 8).
Nominal Working Pressure HDS

PN 3.2 PN 4
5 MPA PE 63
PN 3.2 PN 4 PN 63
6.3 MPA PE 80
PN 4 PN 6.3 PN 8
8 MPA PE 100
Standard Diameter Ratio (SDR) SDR 41 SDR 33 SDR 26 SDR 21
Norm Mean Outside Ovality Outside Pipe ID & Mass Pipe ID & Mass Pipe ID & Mass Pipe ID & Mass
Wall thickness t Wall thickness t Wall thickness t Wall thickness t
Size Diameter Diameter
mm
Min Max Min Max Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m
16 16 16.3 15.4 16.3 1.6 1.9 13 0.08 1.6 1.9 13 0.08 1.6 1.9 13 0.08 1.6 1.9 13 0.08
20 20 20.3 19.4 20.6 1.6 1.9 17 0.10 1.6 1.9 17 0.10 1.6 1.9 17 0.10 1.6 1.9 17 0.10
25 25 25.3 24.4 25.6 1.6 1.9 22 0.12 1.6 1.9 22 0.12 1.6 1.9 22 0.12 1.6 1.9 22 0.12
32 32 32.3 31.4 32.7 1.6 1.9 29 0.16 1.6 1.9 29 0.16 1.6 1.9 29 0.16 1.6 1.9 29 0.16
40 40 40.4 39.3 40.7 1.6 1.9 37 0.20 1.6 1.9 37 0.20 1.6 1.9 37 0.20 1.9 2.2 36 0.24
50 50 50.5 49.3 50.7 1.6 1.9 47 0.25 1.6 1.9 47 0.25 1.9 2.3 46 0.30 2.4 2.8 45 0.37
63 63 63.6 62.2 63.8 1.6 1.9 60 0.32 1.9 2.2 59 0.38 2.4 2.8 58 0.48 3.0 3.5 57 0.59
75 75 75.7 74.2 75.8 1.8 2.1 71 0.43 2.3 2.6 70 0.53 2.9 3.3 69 0.67 3.6 4.1 68 0.82
90 90 90.9 89.1 90.9 2.2 2.5 86 0.62 2.7 3.1 85 0.77 3.5 4.0 83 0.97 4.3 4.9 81 1.19
110 110 111.0 108.8 111.1 2.7 3.1 105 0.93 3.3 3.8 103 1.15 4.2 4.9 101 1.45 5.2 6.0 99 1.77
125 125 126.2 123.8 126.3 3.0 3.5 119 1.20 3.8 4.4 117 1.48 4.8 5.5 115 1.87 6.0 6.8 113 2.29
140 140 141.3 138.6 141.4 3.4 3.9 133 1.51 4.2 4.9 132 1.86 5.4 6.2 129 2.34 6.7 7.7 126 2.87
160 160 161.5 158.4 161.6 3.9 4.4 152 1.94 4.8 5.4 150 2.40 6.2 6.9 148 3.02 7.6 8.5 145 3.70
180 180 181.7 178.2 181.8 4.4 4.9 172 2.46 5.5 6.1 169 3.04 6.9 7.8 166 3.82 8.6 9.6 163 4.68
200 200 201.8 198.0 202.0 4.9 5.5 191 3.03 6.1 6.8 188 3.75 7.7 8.6 185 4.71 9.5 10.7 181 5.78
225 225 227.1 222.8 227.3 5.5 6.1 214 3.83 6.8 7.6 212 4.73 8.7 9.6 208 5.95 10.7 11.9 203 7.30
250 250 252.3 247.5 252.5 6.1 6.8 238 4.73 7.6 8.4 235 5.84 9.6 10.7 231 7.35 11.9 13.3 226 9.01
280 280 282.6 275.1 284.9 6.8 7.6 267 5.94 8.5 9.5 263 7.33 10.8 12.0 259 9.22 13.3 14.9 253 11.30
315 315 317.9 309.5 320.6 7.7 8.6 300 7.51 9.5 10.6 296 9.27 12.1 13.5 291 11.67 15.0 16.7 285 14.30
355 355 358.2 348.8 361.3 8.7 9.7 338 9.54 10.8 12.0 334 11.78 13.7 15.2 328 14.82 16.9 18.8 321 18.16
400 400 403.6 393.0 407.0 9.8 10.9 381 12.11 12.1 13.5 376 14.95 15.4 17.2 369 18.81 19.0 21.2 362 23.06
450 450 454.1 442.1 457.9 11.0 12.2 429 15.29 13.6 15.1 423 18.88 17.3 19.2 416 23.75 21.4 23.8 407 29.12
500 500 504.5 491.3 508.8 12.2 13.5 477 18.88 15.2 16.8 470 23.31 19.2 21.3 462 29.32 23.8 26.4 452 35.94
560 560 565.0 550.2 569.8 13.7 15.2 534 23.68 17.0 18.8 527 29.24 21.5 23.9 517 36.78 26.7 29.6 506 45.08
630 630 635.7 619.0 641.1 15.4 17.1 600 29.98 19.1 21.2 593 37.01 24.2 26.9 582 46.56 30.0 33.3 570 57.07
Items Shaded available in SABS ISO 4427
HDS = (Hydrostatic Design Stress), in (MPA), is

obtained by applying a design factor of not less
Designation of MRS at 50 years and 20°C Maximum allowable hydrostatic
than 1.25 to the minimum required strength value material MPa design stress, ó - MPa
of the pipe. PE 100 10 8

Out of Roundness (Ovality) Grade N. PE 80 8 6.3
Hydrostatic Design Stress. PE 63 6.3 5
4
Coil Dimensions
Coil Dimensions
I I.D. (I) O.D. (D) Width (W)
mm mm mm mm mm
O.D. SDR's Coil Length - meters
mm 50m 100m 50m 100m
16 7.4/9/11 600 n/a 860 n/a 180
20 7.4/9/11/13.6 600 n/a 860 n/a 180
25 7.4/9/11/13.6/17 600 n/a 890 n/a 200
32 7.4/9/11/13.6/17 700 n/a 1090 n/a 220
40 7.4/9/11/13.6/17/26 700 n/a 1090 n/a 220
W 50 7.4/9/11/13.6/17/26 1300 1410 1560 150 220
D
63 7.4/9/11/13.6/17/26/33 1300 1780 1960 190 280
75 7.4/9/11/13.6/17/26/33 1300 1780 1960 190 280
Standard coil lengths 90 7.4/9/11 2500 3100 3300 270 360
16 - 40mm : 100 metre coils 13.6/17/21/26/33 1800 2360 2540 360 450
50 - 90mm : 50 & 100 metre coils 110 7.4/9/11 2500 3160 n/a 330 n/a
110mm : 50 metre coils 13.6/17/21/26/33 2200 2860 n/a 400 n/a
PN 6.3 PN 8 PN 10 PN 12.5 PN 16
PN 8 PN 10 PN 12.5 PN 16 PN 20
PN 10 PN 12.5 PN 16 PN 20
SDR 17 SDR 13.6 SDR 11 SDR 9 SDR 7.4
Wall thickness t Pipe ID & Mass Wall thickness t Pipe ID & Mass Wall thickness t Pipe ID & Mass Wall thickness t Pipe ID & Mass Wall thickness t Pipe ID & Mass
Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m
1.6 1.9 13 0.08 1.6 1.9 13 0.08 1.6 1.9 13 0.08 1.8 2.1 12 0.08 2.2 2.5 11 0.10
1.6 1.9 17 0.10 1.6 1.9 17 0.10 1.8 2.1 16 0.11 2.2 2.6 15 0.13 2.7 3.2 14 0.15
1.6 1.9 22 0.12 1.8 2.2 21 0.14 2.3 2.7 20 0.17 2.8 3.3 19 0.20 3.4 4.0 18 0.24
1.9 2.2 28 0.18 2.4 2.8 27 0.23 2.9 3.4 26 0.27 3.6 4.2 24 0.33 4.3 5.1 23 0.39
2.4 2.8 35 0.29 2.9 3.4 34 0.35 3.6 4.3 32 0.43 4.4 5.2 31 0.51 5.4 6.3 28 0.60
2.9 3.4 44 0.45 3.7 4.3 42 0.55 4.5 5.3 40 0.67 5.6 6.5 38 0.80 6.8 7.9 36 0.94
3.7 4.3 55 0.72 4.6 5.4 53 0.88 5.7 6.7 51 1.06 7.0 8.2 48 1.27 8.5 10.0 45 1.50
4.4 5.1 66 1.00 5.5 6.3 63 1.23 6.8 7.8 61 1.50 8.3 9.6 57 1.78 10.1 11.7 54 2.11
5.3 6.1 79 1.45 6.6 7.6 76 1.78 8.2 9.4 73 2.16 10.00 11.5 69 2.57 12.2 14.0 64 3.04
6.5 7.4 97 2.16 8.1 9.3 93 2.66 10.0 11.5 89 3.22 12.2 14.1 84 3.84 14.9 17.1 79 4.53
7.4 8.5 110 2.79 9.2 10.6 106 3.43 11.4 13.1 101 4.16 13.9 16.0 96 4.96 16.9 19.4 89 5.86
8.2 9.5 123 3.50 10.3 11.8 119 4.30 12.7 14.6 113 5.21 15.6 17.9 107 6.22 18.9 21.8 100 7.34
9.4 10.5 141 4.51 11.8 13.2 136 5.55 14.5 16.3 130 6.72 17.8 19.9 123 8.02 21.6 24.2 115 9.48
10.6 11.9 158 5.71 13.2 14.8 153 7.02 16.4 18.3 146 8.51 20.0 22.4 138 10.16 24.3 27.2 129 12.00
11.8 13.2 176 7.05 14.7 16.5 170 8.66 18.2 20.4 162 10.50 22.2 24.9 154 12.53 27.0 30.3 144 14.81
13.2 14.8 198 8.90 16.5 18.4 191 10.95 20.5 22.8 183 13.27 25.0 27.9 173 15.83 30.4 33.9 162 18.71
14.7 16.4 220 10.99 18.4 20.5 212 13.51 22.7 25.3 203 16.38 27.8 31.0 192 19.55 33.8 37.7 180 23.10
16.5 18.4 246 13.79 20.6 23.0 238 16.95 25.5 28.4 227 20.54 31.1 34.7 216 24.52 37.8 42.2 201 28.97
18.5 20.7 277 17.45 23.2 25.8 267 21.45 28.6 31.9 256 26.00 35.0 39.0 242 31.03 42.6 47.5 226 36.67
20.9 23.3 312 22.16 26.1 29.1 301 27.24 32.3 36.0 288 33.01 39.4 44.0 273 39.41 48.0 53.5 255 46.56
23.5 26.2 352 28.13 29.4 32.8 340 34.58 36.4 40.5 325 41.91 44.4 49.6 308 50.03 54.1 60.3 287 59.11
26.5 29.4 396 35.52 33.1 336.7 382 43.68 40.9 45.4 366 52.94 50.0 55.5 347 63.19 60.8 67.5 324 74.67
29.4 32.6 440 43.85 36.8 40.8 425 53.92 45.5 50.5 406 65.36 55.6 61.7 385 78.01
69.62 85.60
37.1
32.9 36.6
41.1 555
493 55.00 46.3
41.2 45.7
51.4 535
476 67.63 57.3
50.9 63.6
56.5 455
512 103.75
81.97
5
Physical Properties
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a
thermoplastic material which is supplied by the
manufacturer in a 'ready to use' pelletised form.
There are several different grades available. The
particular grades suitable for pipe manufacture are
referred to as PE 63, PE 80 and PE100. The pipe
manufacturer simply converts this material into
pressure pipe.
Table of Physical Properties

The properties given below are for HDPE pipe
materials. It should be noted that many of these
properties are relative to temperature and the
duration of stress application.
Property Value Unit Test Method Test Specimen

3
Density at 23°C 0.958 g/cm ISO 1183 10mm x 10mm x 4mm
Viscosity Number 380 ml/g ISO 1628-3 0.1% solution of granules

in decahydronaphthalene
Melt Flow Rate MFR 190/5 0.23 g/10min ISO 1133 granules
sample weight 3g to 6g
MFR 190/21.6 6.5 g/10min
Tensile Properties Yield Stress 26 N/mm2 ISO 527

Test Rate 50mm/min
Elongation at Yield Stress 10 % ISO 527

Test Rate 50mm/min
2
ISO 3167, 4mm thick
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity 900 N/mm ISO 527 (test specimen No. 3, 4mm
(secant between thick according to DIN 53 455)
0.05 & 0.25% strain)
Tensile Creep Modulus 2

ISO 899
(1 hour value) 650 N/mm Test Load 2M/mm2
(1000 hour value) 350 N/mm2
Flexural Properties Flexural Creep Modulus 1100 N/mm

2
Din 54 852-Z4 110mm x 10mm x 4mm
(1 min value) sb = 2N/mm2 loaded flat
Flexural Stress 20 N/mm

2
ISO 178 80mm x 10mm x 4mm
(3.5% deflection) Test Rate 2mm/min
Stiffness in Torsion 180 N/mm

2
Din 53 447 60mm x 6.35mm x 3mm
Hardness Ball Indentation Hardness 41 N/mm2 ISO 2039 part 1 sheet, 4mm
Test Load 132N
Shore Hardness D ISO 868 sheet, 6mm

(3 sec value) 61 ~
(15 sec value) 59 ~
Notched Impact Strength at 23°C 20 kJ/m2 ISO 179/1eA 80mm x 10mm x 4mm
acN (test specimen
from compression at -30°C 10 kJ/m
2
moulded sheet)
Vicat Softening Point 67 °C ISO 306 sheet, 4mm

VST/B/50
Oxidation Induction Time 200°C in O2 >60 min. ISO TR 10837 granules
6
Tensile Test - Ready
Comparison with other plastic materials
Property HDPE PP PVC PVC-C * PB *
Surface feel Waxy Waxy Smooth Smooth Waxy

Appearance Black Pale grey-beige Blue Grey-beige Black
(water pipes)
Sound produced when Medium High High High Dull
dropped clatter clatter clatter clatter thud
Combustibility and Bright flame: Bright flame: Carbonises in Carbonises in Bright flame:
appearance of flame Drops continue to Drops continue to flame: flame: Drops continue to
burn while falling burn while falling extinguishes away extinguishes away burn while falling
from flame from flame
Odour of smoke after Like candles Like resin Pungent like Pungent like Like candles but
flame is extinguished hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid more acrid than
HDPE
Nail test Impression Very slight Impression not Impression not Impression easily
Impression made by possible impression possible possible produced
fingernail possible
Special features Smears when
sawn
Floats in water Yes Yes No No Yes
Notch sensitivity No Slight Yes Yes Yes
Weather resistance Stabilised Stabilised Stabilised Stabilised Stabilised
good good good good good
Method of permanent Fusion Fusion Solvent cement Solvent cement Fusion
joining
Suitable for mechanical Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
jointing
Stress crack sensitivity Some Slight None None None
with regard to jointing
for safe media e.g. water
Linear expansion 0.2 0.15 0.08 0.07 0.12
mm/m°C
Thermal conductivity 0.40 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.20
kcal/mh°C
Specific heat 0.42 0.4 0.23 0.23 0.47
kcal/mh°C
Specific weight 0.955 0.905 1.42 1.5 0.92
Kg/cm2
Tensile strength at 20°C 240 320 550 550 200
kp/cm2
Modulus of elasticity at 8000 15000 30000 30000 5000
20°C (kp/cm2)
7
The Stress Regression Line
The traditional method of portraying the primary The internationally accepted method for
mechanical property of HDPE, tensile strength, is calculating circumferential hoop stress is derived
by means of a graph of log stress vs log time to from Barlow's formula and is as follows:
failure. This is known as the stress regression line.
It is a plot of the circumferential hoop stress in the s = p(d - t)/2t
wall of the pipe (from internal pressure) against
time to failure. where: p = internal pressure (MPa)
t = minimum wall thickness (mm)
Numerous actual test results, measured at 20°C d = mean external diameter (mm)
and 60°C, over a range of times up to 10,000 s = circumferential hoop stress
hours, are plotted on a log log scale and a
in wall of pipe (MPa)
regression line is calculated to fit this data. The
resultant regression line is then extrapolated to 50
The Stress Regression Line for HDPE is given
years (438,000 hours). The method of calculation
below.
is an internationally accepted procedure described
in ISO/TR 9080. The required values of stress and
time are specified in SABS ISO 4427.
s Burst stress MPa

20
15
20°C PE 100 10 MPa at 50Yrs
10
8 PE 80
80°C 8 MPa at 50Yrs
6 PE 100
5
PE 80
4
3
2
HDPE Type 2
1
10-1 1 10 102 103 104 105 106
50 Years
Time to failure
Principal stress/time curves for PE 80 and PE 100 pipes at 20°C and 80°C. The standard
curve for HDPE Type 2 at 80°C (acc. to DIN 8075) is shown in comparison. The
minimum required strength (MRS) at 20°C and 50 years is 10 MPa for PE 100 and
8 MPa for PE 80 giving the design stress 8 MPa and 6.3 MPa, respectively.
8
Design Stress and Safety Melt Flow Index
Factor (service factor) The melt flow index of polyethylene materials is a
measure of the mass of melted material, at 190°C,
Safety factors take into account handling that will pass through a specific orifice in 10
conditions, service conditions and other minutes when subjected to a specific pressure.
circumstances not directly considered in the
design. The melt flow index (MFI) is largely dependant on
the molecular mass. Higher molecular masses
In terms of SABS ISO 4427 the minimum safety result in lower MFI because long, well packed
factor is 1.25. This factor, when applied to the molecules do not flow as easily as short, less
Minimum Required Strength (MRS), for the packed molecules.
particular material classification (e.g. PE80,
PE100), gives the maximum allowable hydrostatic Since both density and MFI are decisive for the
design stress for the designated material. strength properties they are regulated in most
standards for polyethylene pipes.
Designation of MRS at 50 years and 20°C Maximum allowable hydrostatic
material MPa design stress, s - MPa
PE 100 10 8 In terms of the SABS specification the Melt Flow

PE 80 8 6.3 Index must conform to the raw material
PE 63 6.3 5 manufacturers pipe grade specification. This
information can be obtained from the the raw
The relationship between MRS and ó for various material manufacturers data sheets.
design coefficients is as follows at 20°C. (Also see Table of Physical Properties on page 6)
Hydrostatic MRS of material - MPa

design
10 8 6.3
Tensile Strength
stress of pipe,
s - MPa
Design coefficient, C
8 1.25 The tensile strength of polyethylene materials
6.3 1.59 1.27 increases with an increase in molecular mass
5 2 1.6 1.26 since long, well packed molecules are more
difficult to separate.
The design engineer may wish to apply a greater This property is also effectively regulated by
safety factor depending on operating conditions standards.
and environmental considerations. (See Table of Physical Properties on page 6)
Applying Barlow's formula (below) it is possible to
calculate the minimum wall thickness for any given
size and pressure class of pipe. The Effect of Temperature
Change
t= pxd
(2s + p)
Working Pressure:
where: t = minimum wall thickness (mm)
p = internal pressure (MPa) The standard design temperature for HDPE pipes
d = mean external diameter (mm) is 20°C and working pressures are usually quoted
s = design stress (MPa) for this temperature. HDPE pressure pipes
function perfectly well below 20°C right down to
For example the minimum wall thickness for a freezing point and can in fact, withstand higher
250 mm Class 10 HDPE pipe made from PE 80 pressures than those quoted at 20°C.
material is: As can be seen from the stress regression lines,
the creep rupture strength diminishes with
t = 1.0 x 250 / {(2 x 6.3) + 1.0} increasing temperature and working pressures
must be down-rated if the same factors of safety
= 18.38 mm are to be maintained. The applicable reduction
factors are given under “Temperature
Round up to 18.4 mm for manufacture and/or the Considerations” on page 59.
appropriate SDR for the Class and Material
designation.
9
Sub Zero Temperatures: Ultra Violet Resistance
Water has been known to freeze in HDPE pipes HDPE pipes, when manufactured to SABS ISO
without causing fractures, but permanent strain 4427, contain 2.5% (by mass) of carbon black.
can result, leading to severe reduction in the This provides exceptional protection against the
working life of the pipe. Hence HDPE pipes - like effects of ultra violet light.
other pipes - should be protected against sub zero
temperatures.
Flammability
Expansion and Contraction:
As with impact resistance, it is possible to improve
All plastics have high co-efficients of expansion the fire resistance of HDPE by the addition of
and contraction several times those of metals. various compounds. Again this comes at the
This must be allowed for in any installation by the expense of other properties. Fire resistance is
use of expansion joints, expansion loops etc. measured by a limiting oxygen index (LOI).
Material Co-efficient of expansion (K-1)

mPVC 8 x 10-5
Abrasion Resistance
HDPE 20 x 10-5
LDPE 20 x 10-5
A number of international investigations to assess
Steel 1.2 x 10-5 the abrasion resistance of various plastic materials
Copper 2.0 x 10-5 have been carried out. Generally the results of
such investigations are expressed as a loss of
volume in relation to the original wall thickness.
The results to date have varied in regard to the
Impact Resistance abrasion resistance of various pipe materials.
However, what they all show is that plastics
It should be noted that it is possible to change the possess superior abrasion resistance relative to
impact strength of certain plastic materials, other pipe materials.
however this usually comes at the expense of
properties such as tensile strength, hardness or For example, in one investigation, HDPE pipes
stiffness. This property is therefore effectively suffered wear to the extent of 4mm after 1600
regulated (as with density and MFI) by most hours while the corresponding wear occurred in
standards. steel pipes after 1000 hours.
Graph of Relative Wear Rates

Dry sliding abrasion of a number of PE 80, PE 100 and
some other grades of thermoplastic materials (Taber
Abrasion Method in accordance with DIN 53754 E)
Abrasive Wear Properties

80 Min. mg/100 rev
70 Max. mg/100 rev
60
50
mg./100 rev.
40
30
20
10
0
ABS
PE 80 PE 100
Polyurethane
Actylonitrile
PVC
Polystyrene
Acetobutyrate
GUR
Copolymer
Copolymer
ABS craft
Styrene/
Cellulose
10
Jointing
One of the greatest features of HDPE pipes is the
fact that a wide variety of jointing systems is
available to suit a whole range of applications.
The jointing systems can be divided into two main
categories with further sub-divisions in each
category.
Permanent Jointing
Buttwelding
Typical Buttweld
Welding Machine
Non-Permanent (detachable) Jointing
Tech System Compression Fittings
Flanging
11
Buttwelding principles and jointing procedures
General Lamasat therefore offers two ranges of fittings for
butt-fusion systems to provide the greatest
flexibility in this regard :
Butt-fusion jointing is a thermofusion process • long spigot fittings
which involves the simultaneous heating of the • 'pupped' fittings
ends of two components which are to be joined
until a melt state is attained on each contact Pupped fittings are fabricated by butt-fusing (in the
surface. The two surfaces are then brought factory), 0.5m lengths of pipe to each leg of a
together under controlled pressure for a specific spigot fitting, thereby allowing the straight length
cooling time and homogeneous fusion is formed of pipe to be gripped by clamps of the butt-fusion
upon cooling. machine.
The resultant joint is resistant to end thrust and The Lamasat butt-fusion system comprises,
has comparable performance under pressure to therefore:
the pipe. • Straight polyethylene pipe
• Long spigot fittings
This method of jointing requires an electrically • Pupped fittings
heated plate to raise the temperature of the pipe • Accessories
ends to the required fusion temperature and is
used for PE63, PE80 and PE100 grades of
material for pipe of size 32mm and above of the Equipment
same Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR).
• Generator to supply the heater plate, trimmer
When jointing pipes using butt-fusion techniques, and hydraulic pump
the heater plate temperatures are the same for • Butt-fusion machine fitted with the correct size
PE63, PE80 and PE100, 195°C to 200°C. clamp shells, trimmer, heater plate, hydraulic
pump and timer
• Pipe support rollers
• Welding tent
• Cleaning material, lint free cotton cloth or paper
towel
• External/Internal debeading tool
• Bead gauge
• Digital thermometer with surface probe to check
heater plate
• Pipe end covers
• Baseboard
• Pipe cutters
• Air temperature thermometer
• Indelible marker pen
Note: The Site Fusion Jointing Specification WIS 4-32- • Timer.
08 Issue 2, 1994 emphasises the importance for the
butt-fusion machine to be able to control the reduced
secondary ram pressures that are now required for dual Jointing Method
pressure butt-fusion jointing. For SDR11 pipes of sizes
250mm, 280mm and 315mm and for all pipe (SDRs 11,
17.6, 26) of size 355mm and above the butt fusion Pre-Welding Checks
pressures should be reduced after 10 seconds and
therefore the use of an automatic butt fusion machine is Before commencing a welding operation
required. (These conditions are tabulated on page 15.) check that:
• There is sufficient fuel for the generator to
The Lamasat System complete the joint and that it is functioning
correctly before it is connected to the machine.
Depending on the design and make, butt-fusion • The trimming tool and hydraulic pump are in
machines may or may not be capable of accepting working order.
fittings as moulded for direct welding to pipes.
12
• The heater plate is clean and residues from • Remove loose shavings from the machine and
previous welds have been removed. component ends.
• A tent is available to provide shelter during
welding. Do not touch the prepared surfaces.
• The machine is complete and undamaged.
• You know the correct welding parameters for the
machine and pipe being welded.
• The heater plate is at the correct temperature.
(Connect the heater plate to the power supply
and retain for at least 20 minutes inside the
thermally insulated guard). To remove dirt
deposits the heater plate may be washed, when
cold, with copious quantities of clean water at
the start of the jointing session. Only clean, lint
free materials must be used to clean the plate.
To remove grease and oily films the plate may
be wiped with lint free material dampened by a • Check that both surfaces are completely planed.
suitable solvent, eg. Isopropanol. If they are not then repeat the trimming process.
• Check that the pipes and/or fittings to be jointed • Close the clamps and check that there is no
are of the same size, SDR and material. visible gap between the trimmed faces.
Dummy Welds
Even though washing may remove large deposits

of dirt, very fine particles of dust may still remain
on the heater plate. To remove such dust it is
necessary to make a dummy joint at the start of
each jointing session, whenever the plate has
been allowed to cool below 180°C, or at a change
of pipe size. Two dummy must be made if the pipe
size is greater than 180mm.
A dummy joint can be made using pipe off cuts of • The maximum permitted outsider diameter
the same size, SDR and material as the pipe mismatch is:
being installed. It is not necessary to actually 1.0mm for pipe sizes 90mm to 315mm
make a joint. The procedure can be discontinued 2.0mm for pipe sizes 316mm to 800mm.
after the full heat cycle. If the mismatch is greater than these values then
the pipe must be realigned and re-trimmed.
Manual Welding Procedure • Open and then close the clamps and note the
drag pressure needed to move the pipes
• Place the pipes in the clamps with the ends together using the hydraulic system.
against the trimming tool and with the pipe
markings aligned. Drag pressure is the minimum gauge pressure
• Align and level the components using the required to overcome the sliding frictional drag on
support rollers. the rams due to the operation of the machine and
• Tighten the pipe clamps to grip and re-round the the weight of the pipes/fittings being jointed.
pipes.
• Cover the free ends of the pipes to prevent Note: The drag pressure (in bar) must be
cooling of the plate by internal draughts. assessed accurately prior to making each fusion
• Switch on the trimming tool and close the clamps joint and must be added to the basic ram pressure
slowly so that the pipe ends are moved against values shown on the machine.
the trimming tool until continuous shavings are (When fully automatic machines are used this
cut from each surface. operation will normally be carried out
• Keep the trimming tool turning whilst opening the automatically.)
clamps to avoid steps on the trimmed surfaces.
• Remove the trimming tool taking care not to
touch the trimmed ends.
13
• Remove the heater plate from its protective that the plate does not touch the melted
cover. Check that it is clean and up to surfaces.
temperature. • Immediately close the clamps (within 8 to 10
seconds of removing the plate) and bring the
melted surfaces together at the previously
determined pressure.
• Place the heater plate in the machine and close

the clamps so that the surfaces to be joined are
touching the plate. Using the hydraulic system
apply the pressure previously determined. • Maintain the required pressure for the minimum
cooling time as indicated in the table.
• After this time the assembly can be removed
from the machine but should not be handled for
a further period equal to the above cooling time.
• Examine the joint for cleanliness and uniformity
and check that the bead width is within the
specified limits.
• Remove the internal beads, if required, using
suitable debeading tools.
• The beads and joint should be numbered/coded
using an indelible marker pen.
• The beads will be twisted at several positions.
If the bead is seen to split at any point then the
• Maintain the applied pressure until the pipe joint must be cut out from the pipeline and the
begins to melt and a uniform bead of 2-3mm is joint remade. If a similar defect re-occurs, all
formed on each end. further jointing must cease until the equipment
• After the initial bead up, the pressure in the has been thoroughly cleaned, examined and
hydraulic system shall be released so that the new trial joints made and shown to be
pressure gauge registers between zero and the satisfactory.
drag pressure so as to control the bead growth
during the heat soak time. Check that the pipe The Rules of Butt-Fusion
does not slip in the clamps. The pipe ends must
maintain contact with the heater plates. NEVER
• Attempt to weld together pipes of different SDR
(wall thickness).
• Touch trimmed pipe ends.
• Leave trimming swarf inside pipe or on welding
machine.
• Allow equipment to get wet or dusty.
• Use non-approved machinery.
• Remove a weld from the machine before cooling
time has elapsed.
• Allow untrained personnel to use welding
equipment.
• Cut corners in any part of the welding procedure.
• Weld pipes of different material on site. (In
factory controlled conditions it may be possible to
• When the heat soak time is completed, open the
do this).
clamps and remove the heater plate ensuring
• Use a generator of inadequate capacity.
14
Buttweld Time and Pressure Table
Heater Plate Surface Temperature: 195ºC to 200ºC

Table 1 Single pressure butt-fusion jointing conditions for PE63, PE80 and PE100
Fusion Cooling Typical
Initial Min and time for final
Wall Bead up bead soak Max plate cooling Cooling Cooling coiled overall
Outside thickness interface size Soak interface removal interface time in time out pipe in bead width
diameter SDR (minimum) stress (approx) time stress time stress clamps of clamps clamps min max
mm mm MPa mm seconds MPa seconds MPa minutes minutes minutes mm mm
90 26 3.5 0.15 2 95 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 8 15
90 17.6 5.1 0.15 2 110 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 8 15
90 11 8.2 0.15 2 140 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 9 16
110 26 4.2 0.15 2 100 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 8 15
110 17.6 6.3 0.15 2 125 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 9 16
110 11 10.0 0.15 2 160 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 10 17
125 26 4.8 0.15 2 110 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 8 15
125 17.6 7.1 0.15 2 130 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 9 16
125 11 11.4 0.15 2 175 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 10 17
160 26 6.2 0.15 2 120 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 9 16
160 17.6 9.1 0.15 2 150 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 9 16
160 11 14.6 0.15 2 205 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 11 18
180 26 6.9 0.15 2 130 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 9 16
180 17.6 10.2 0.15 2 160 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 10 17
180 11 16.4 0.15 2 225 0 10 0.15 10 5 15 11 18
225 26 8.6 0.15 2 145 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 9 16
225 17.6 12.8 0.15 2 190 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 10 17
225 11 20.5 0.15 2 265 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 12 19
250 26 9.6 0.15 2 155 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 9 16
250 17.6 14.2 0.15 2 200 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 10 17
280 26 10.7 0.15 3 170 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 13 22
280 17.6 15.9 0.15 3 220 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 14 23
315 26 12.1 0.15 3 180 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 13 22
315 17.6 17.9 0.15 3 240 0 10 0.15 10 5 - 14 23
Tolerance ±0.02 ±3 ±0.02
Table 2 Dual pressure butt-fusion jointing conditions for PE63, PE80 and PE100
Fusion Cooling Typical
Initial Min interface interface final
Wall Bead up bead soak Max plate stress stress Cooling Cooling overall
Outside thickness interface size Soak interface removal (after 10 (after 10 time in time out bead width
diameter SDR (minimum) stress (approx) time stress time secs) secs) clamps of clamps min max
mm mm MPa mm seconds MPa seconds MPa minutes minutes minutes mm mm
250 11 22.7 0.15 2 285 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 15 24
280 11 25.4 0.15 3 315 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 16 25
315 11 28.6 0.15 3 345 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 17 26
355 26 13.6 0.15 3 195 0 10 0.15 0.025 10 5 13 22
355 17.6 20.1 0.15 3 260 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 15 24
355 11 32.3 0.15 3 385 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 18 27
400 26 15.3 0.15 3 215 0 10 0.15 0.025 10 5 14 23
400 17.6 22.7 0.15 3 285 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 15 24
400 11 36.4 0.15 3 425 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 18 27
450 26 17.2 0.15 3 235 0 10 0.15 0.025 10 5 14 23
450 17.6 25.6 0.15 3 315 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 16 25
450 11 41.0 0.15 3 470 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 19 28
500 26 19.1 0.15 3 250 0 10 0.15 0.025 10 5 15 24
500 17.6 28.3 0.15 3 345 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 16 25
500 11 45.5 0.15 3 515 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 20 29
560 26 21.4 0.15 3 275 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 15 24
560 17.6 31.7 0.15 3 380 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 17 26
560 11 50.8 0.15 3 570 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 22 31
630 26 24.1 0.15 3 300 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 16 25
630 17.6 35.7 0.15 3 420 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 18 27
630 11 57.2 0.15 3 635 0 10 0.15 0.025 25 12.5 23 32
710 26 27.2 0.15 3 335 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 16 25
710 17.6 40.2 0.15 3 465 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 19 28
800 26 30.6 0.15 3 370 0 10 0.15 0.025 15 7.5 17 26
800 17.6 45.3 0.15 3 515 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 20 29
900 26 34.6 0.15 3 405 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 18 27
900 17.6 50.9 0.15 3 570 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 22 31
1000 26 38.4 0.15 3 445 0 10 0.15 0.025 20 10 19 28
1000 17.6 56.6 0.15 3 630 0 10 0.15 0.025 25 12.5 23 32
Tolerance ±0.02 ±3 ±0.02 ±0.01
NB All jointing pressure must be calculated by using the effective ram area of the machine in relation to
the cross sectional area of the pipe wall. Effective ram area should be marked on each model.
15
Fittings
45º Bends
Fabricated Fittings - Dimensions
Bends
Pipe fittings can be manufactured from pipe in a 45 Deg. Segmented Bend
R = Dia. x 3
wide variety of sizes and pressure classes but L1
mostly from 75mm OD upwards and Class 6 or
higher. The fittings can be plain ended (for butt
welding, electrofusion fittings or compression L
R
fittings) or have stubs fitted for flanges or Tech
Clamps. Permissible working pressure is 60% of
class of pipe used to fabricate fitting, e.g. 10 bar
pipe produces a 6 bar fabricated fitting.
90º Bends
D
Bends
C
90 Deg. Segmented Bend
R = Dia. x 3
L1
L
OD mm L L1 R
R (D) mm mm mm
75 155 238 395
90 155 238 395
110 155 238 395
125 155 238 395
140 155 238 395
160 155 238 395
D 180 155 238 395
200 250 405 637
225 250 405 637
250 250 405 637
OD mm L C L1 R
(D) 280 250 405 637
mm mm mm mm
315 250 405 637
110 155 478 160 395
355 380 590 968
125 155 478 160 395
400 380 590 968
140 155 478 160 395
450 380 590 968
160 155 478 160 395
500 380 590 968
180 155 478 160 395
560 470 900 1200
200 250 792 280 637
630 590 900 1500
225 250 792 280 637
250 250 792 280 637
280 250 792 280 637
315 250 792 280 637
355 380 1178 400 968
400 380 1178 400 968
450 380 1178 400 968
500 380 1178 400 968
560 470 1450 560 1350
630 590 1800 600 1520
16
Tees
OD H L
mm mm mm
90 200 400
D 110 455 910
Equal Tee 125 465 930
Plain ended or Flanged
140 470 940
H 160 480 960
180 490 980
200 500 1000
225 515 1030
L
250 525 1050
280 740 1480
315 760 1520
355 780 1560
400 800 1600
450 925 1850
500 950 1900
560 1180 2360
630 1215 2430
Machined Reducing Bushes

OD1 O D2 L
mm mm mm
25 20 60
Machined Concentric Reducer 32 20 / 25 60
S = Dimensions according to pressure (PN) of pipe 40 20 / 25 / 32 60
50 25 / 32 / 40 60
63 25 / 32 / 40 / 50 60
OD2 75 32 / 40 / 50 / 63 60
S
90 40 / 50 / 63 / 75 60
15mm
30 110 63 / 75 / 90 60
10mm
L
125 75 / 90 / 110 60
10mm 140 90 / 110 / 125 80
160 90 / 110 / 125 / 140 80
S 180 110 / 125 / 140 / 160 80
OD1
200 140 / 160 / 180 80
225 160 / 180 / 200 80
250 180 / 200 / 225 80
280 200 / 225 / 280 80
315 250 / 280 80
355 280 / 315 90
400 315 / 355 90
450 355 / 400 90
500 400 / 450 90
17
Stub Flange Detail
Pipe D A D2 PN 4 - 10 PN 12 - 20
OD B H B H
16 46 10 28 15 40 15 40
20 46 10 28 15 40 15 40
D2 25 56 10 36 15 40 15 40
32 65 10 43 20 40 27 60
OD
40 73 10 50 20 50 27 60
50 83 10 60 20 50 27 60
63 98 10 71 20 50 27 60
A
75 110 10 83 20 50 27 60
H 90 129 10 100 20 50 27 60
110 158 10 125 25 55 35 75
B 125 160 10 133 30 60 35 75
140 188 10 155 30 60 35 75
160 217 10 187 35 70 55 100
D 180 217 10 187 35 70 55 100
200 270 10 234 35 70 55 100
225 270 10 234 45 80 55 100
250 310 10 275 45 80 75 120
280 325 10 289 45 80 75 120
315 375 10 327 50 90 75 120
355 430 10 373 50 90 75 120
400 486 10 426 60 100 75 120
450 540 10 472 60 100 75 120
500 585 10 526 60 100 - -
560 645 10 588 65 105 - -
630 725 10 658 65 105 - -
Tech-Stub Detail
L3
L2
L1
2r
Pipe OD1 O D2 O D3 L1 L2 L3
OD
110 122 138 115 23 35 53
125 148 167 130 22 32 55
140 156 175 145 28 40 60
160 177 196 165 32 44 65
OD1
OD2
OD3
OD
ID
180 204 224 185 33 44 65

200 222 246 205 34 47 68
225 248 272 230 46 33 74
250 272 297 255 35 50 75
280 304 326 285 38 53 78
Victaulic Stub Detail (HDPE)

Pipe Victaulic OD1 OD2 O D3 A B H Clamp
H
OD size size
50 63 68.5 60 50.5 16 10 55 2"
R=2 63 90 97 90 61 16 15 55 3"
R=2
75 90 97 90 76 16 15 55 3"
90 110 124.5 115 91 16.5 15 55 4"
110 110 124.5 115 111 16.5 15 55 4"
125 160 178.5 161 126 17 15 55 6"
140 160 178.5 161 141 17 15 55 6"
OD 1
OD 2
OD 3
160 160 178.5 161 161 17 15 55 6"

180 225 231.5 218 181 21 21 85 8"
200 225 231.5 218 201.5 21 21 85 8"
225 250 286 273 226.5 21 21 85 10"
250 250 286 273 251.5 21 21 85 10"
A B Note: The ID for all "Stubs" above

= OD - 2 x wall thickness
(see relevant specifications).
18
Buttweld Moulded Fittings
Buttwelding is a very economical and reliable

jointing technique for making permanent welded
joints, requiring only buttwelding equipment.
Buttwelding is particularly suitable for
prefabricating pipe sections and special fittings.
Both Akatherm fittings with short spigot ends and
fittings with long spigot ends are suitable for
buttwelding. Only pipes and fittings from the same
wall thickness series can be buttwelded together.
Stub Flanges
D1
D2
DE
SDR 17 & 11
s
SDR 17 SDR 11
L DE H L H L D1 D2 Z
H
20 7 30 27 45 50
25 9 28 33 58 50
Z
32 10 27 40 68 50
40 11 24 11 24 50 78 50
50 12 23 12 23 61 88 50
SDR 33 63 14 18 14 18 75 102 50
75 16 14 16 14 89 122 50
DE H L D1 D2 Z 90 17 43 17 35 105 138 80
110 18 37 125 158 80 110 18 37 18 37 125 158 80
125 18 42 132 158 80 125 18 42 25 35 132 158 80
140 18 34 155 188 80 140 18 34 25 27 155 188 80
160 18 34 175 212 80 160 18 34 25 27 175 212 80
180 18 32 181 212 80 180 20 30 30 20 181 212 80
200 18 42 232 268 100 200 24 36 32 28 232 268 100
225 18 52 235 268 100 225 24 46 32 38 235 268 100
250 20 40 285 320 100 250 25 35 35 25 285 320 100
280 20 50 291 320 100 280 25 45 35 35 291 320 100
315 20 40 335 370 100 315 25 35 35 25 335 370 100
355 23 57 373 430 120 355 30 30 40 20 373 430 120
400 26 49 427 482 120 400 33 42 46 29 427 482 120
450 33 27 514 585 120 450 46 14 60 10 514 585 120
500 33 37 530 585 120 500 46 24 60 10 530 585 120
560 35 25 615 685 120 560 50 10 60 20 615 685 120
630 35 45 642 685 120 630 50 30 60 20 642 685 120
19
Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued •?
Tees 90°
Z
S
DE
I
L
SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11
DE L Z I DE L Z I
110 249 121 50 20 50 25 8
125 262 132 47 25 60 30 10
140 293 145 48 32 72 36 12
160 318 160 55 40 88 44 16
180 356 175 59 50 116 58 21
200 385 194 55 63 146 73 24
225 442 212 59 75 170 85 28
250 465 232 70 90 200 100 23
280 536 268 80 110 240 120 43
315 530 263 75 125 250 125 26
355 658 330 95 140 280 140 32
400 690 345 104 160 320 160 40
450 890 450 130 180 390 195 73
500 895 450 130 200 430 215 70
225 480 240 72
250 550 275 86
280 620 310 105
315 700 350 111
355 658 330 95
400 682 345 104
450 890 450 130
500 890 450 130
20
•?
Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
Reducing Tees
E2
I2 S2
Z
S1
DE1
I1
L
D
SDR 17 & 11 SDR 17 & 11 continued
DE1 D E2 L Z I1 I2 DE1 D E2 L Z I1 I2
63 50 215 103 63 56 180 63 348 132 125 30
75 32 255 107 70 46 180 75 348 140 112 30
75 50 253 107 70 55 180 90 395 200 136 97
75 63 255 117 70 63 180 110 395 210 140 98
90 32 203 85 52 23 180 125 348 160 92 50
90 50 203 94 52 27 180 160 412 206 101 91
90 63 269 135 79 63 200 63 382 145 143 41
90 75 272 138 73 70 200 90 388 162 125 38
110 32 230 91 65 22 200 110 388 160 120 40
110 50 230 101 65 27 200 125 388 165 114 43
110 63 309 156 83 64 200 160 388 178 98 53
110 75 309 151 82 70 225 75 445 227 118 75
110 90 310 152 82 79 225 90 445 227 118 79
125 63 264 110 70 31 225 110 445 227 117 83
125 90 335 170 110 91 225 125 435 173 135 40
125 110 335 170 87 82 225 160 488 244 119 98
140 63 291 120 82 32 225 180 553 283 131 131
140 75 291 130 81 35 250 110 435 190 134 37
140 90 291 130 81 38 250 160 440 213 110 58
140 110 291 137 50 43 315 110 555 290 170 100
160 63 340 174 98 64 315 160 585 310 170 120
160 75 340 179 98 74 315 225 650 335 170 145
160 90 340 179 98 79 315 250 680 340 170 150
160 110 390 201 98 83
160 125 315 150 58 47
21
Elbows 90°
Z
S
DE
SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11
DE Z I R DE Z I R
110 120 10 110 20 25 5 20
125 140 15 125 25 30 5 25
140 150 10 140 32 36 4 32
160 180 25 155 40 43 3 40
180 200 25 175 50 51 1 50
200 220 23 197 63 64 1 63
225 250 20 230 75 85 10 75
250 290 25 265 90 100 10 90
280 290 10 280 110 120 10 110
315 340 40 300 125 140 15 125
355 340 40 300 140 155 15 140
400 345 45 300 160 175 15 160
450 450 50 400 180 195 15 180
500 450 50 400 200 215 15 200
225 245 20 225
250 275 25 250
280 310 30 280
315 350 35 315
355 340 40 300
400 345 45 300
450 450 50 400
500 450 50 400
27
22
SDR 17 D E2 L I1
Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued DE1 I2
40 20 50 12 12
Reducers - Concentric 40 25 50 12 12
40 32 50 12 12
50 25 55 12 12
50 32 55 12 12
DE2 50 40 55 12 12
S2 63 32 65 16 12
63 40 65 16 12
63 50 65 16 12
I2
75 32 80 19 12
75 40 71 19 12
75 50 71 19 12
L
75 63 71 19 16
90 50 80 30 12
I1
90 63 80 22 16
S1 90 75 80 22 19
DE1 110 50 104 28 12
110 63 97 28 16
110 75 97 28 19
110 90 97 28 22
125 63 112 30 16
125 75 108 32 19
125 90 108 32 22
125 110 108 32 28
140 75 123 35 19
140 90 115 35 22
140 110 115 35 28
140 125 115 35 32
160 90 135 40 22
160 110 124 40 28
160 125 124 40 32
160 140 124 40 35
180 90 157 45 22
180 110 157 45 28
SDR 33 180 125 136 45 32
180 140 136 45 35
DE1 D E2 L I1 I2 180 160 136 45 40
200 140 154 50 35 200 140 154 50 35
200 160 151 50 40 200 160 151 50 40
200 180 151 50 45 200 180 151 50 45
225 140 160 60 50 225 140 160 60 50
225 160 171 55 40 225 160 171 55 40
225 180 171 55 45 225 180 171 55 45
225 200 171 55 50 225 200 171 55 50
250 160 194 60 40 250 160 194 60 40
250 180 182 60 45 250 180 182 60 45
250 200 182 60 50 250 200 182 60 50
250 225 182 60 55 250 225 182 60 55
280 200 200 80 65 280 200 200 80 65
280 225 200 80 75 280 225 200 80 75
280 250 200 80 85 280 250 200 80 85
315 200 230 90 80 315 200 230 90 80
315 225 230 90 85 315 225 230 90 85
315 250 230 90 90 315 250 230 90 90
315 280 230 90 105 315 280 230 90 105
23
Reducers - Concentric Continued

DE2
S2
I2
L
I1
S1
DE1
SDR 11 SDR 11 continued
DE1 DE2 L I1 I2 DE1 D E2 L I1 I2

25 20 37 12 12 140 110 115 35 28
32 20 43 12 12 140 125 115 35 32
32 25 43 12 12 160 90 135 40 22
40 20 50 12 12 160 110 124 40 28
40 25 50 12 12 160 125 124 40 32
40 32 50 12 12 160 140 124 40 35
50 25 55 12 12 180 90 157 45 22
50 32 55 12 12 180 110 157 45 28
50 40 55 12 12 180 125 136 45 32
63 32 65 16 12 180 140 136 45 35
63 40 65 16 12 180 160 136 45 40
63 50 65 16 12 200 140 154 50 35
75 32 80 19 12 200 160 151 50 40
75 40 71 19 12 200 180 151 50 45
75 50 71 19 12 225 140 160 60 50
75 63 71 19 16 225 160 171 55 40
90 50 80 30 12 225 180 171 55 45
90 63 80 22 16 225 200 171 55 50
90 75 80 22 19 250 160 194 60 40
110 50 105 28 12 250 180 182 60 45
110 63 97 28 16 250 200 182 60 50
110 75 97 28 19 250 225 182 60 55
110 90 97 28 22 280 200 200 80 65
125 63 112 30 16 280 225 200 80 75
125 75 108 32 19 280 250 200 80 85
125 90 108 32 22 315 200 230 90 80
125 110 108 32 28 315 225 230 90 85
140 75 123 35 19 315 250 230 90 90
140 90 115 35 22 315 280 230 90 105
24
Reducers - Concentric Continued

DE2
S2
I2
I1
DE1
SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11
DE1 D E2 L I1 I2 DE1 D E2 L I1 I2
355 200 183 30 20 355 200 183 30 20
355 225 170 34 28 355 225 170 34 28
355 250 125 30 22 355 250 125 30 22
355 280 100 32 23 355 280 100 32 23
355 315 72 30 21 355 315 72 30 21
400 225 196 25 20 400 225 196 25 20
400 250 175 25 20 400 250 175 25 20
400 280 148 25 20 400 280 148 25 20
400 315 118 25 20 400 315 118 25 20
400 355 84 25 20 400 355 84 25 20
450 280 192 25 20 450 280 192 25 20
450 315 161 25 20 450 315 161 25 20
450 355 127 25 20 450 355 127 25 20
450 400 88 25 20 450 400 88 25 20
500 280 235 25 20 500 280 235 25 20
500 315 205 25 20 500 315 205 25 20
500 355 170 25 20 500 355 170 25 20
500 400 131 25 20 500 400 131 25 20
500 450 88 25 20 500 450 88 25 20
560 355 222 25 20 560 355 222 25 20
560 400 183 25 20 560 400 183 25 20
560 450 140 25 20 560 450 140 25 20
560 500 97 25 20 560 500 97 25 20
630 355 283 25 20 630 355 283 25 20
630 400 244 25 20 630 400 244 25 20
630 450 200 25 20 630 450 200 25 20
630 500 157 25 20 630 500 157 25 20
630 560 105 25 20 630 560 105 25 20
25
Reducers - Eccentric
1
L
I
I2
S1
DE1
S2
DE2
SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11
DE1 DE2 L I1 I2 SDR 17 SDR 11

160 90 140 54 40 DE1 DE2 L I1 L I1 I2
160 110 120 45 40 160 90 140 54 140 54 40
160 125 110 44 40 160 110 120 45 120 45 40
160 140 90 33 40 160 125 110 44 110 44 40
180 110 140 54 40 160 140 90 33 100 43 40
180 125 130 52 40 180 110 140 54 140 54 40
180 140 110 41 40 180 125 130 52 130 52 40
180 160 100 43 40 180 140 110 41 120 51 40
200 125 150 61 40 180 160 90 33 100 43 40
200 140 130 50 40 200 125 150 61 150 61 40
200 160 110 41 40 200 140 130 50 130 50 40
200 180 100 43 40 200 160 110 41 120 51 40
225 140 160 65 40 200 180 100 43 100 43 40
225 160 140 57 40 225 140 160 65 160 65 40
225 180 120 48 40 225 160 140 57 140 57 40
225 200 100 40 40 225 180 120 48 120 48 40
250 160 160 62 40 225 200 100 40 110 50 40
250 180 140 54 40 250 160 160 62 170 72 40
250 200 130 55 40 250 180 140 54 150 64 40
250 225 100 40 40 250 200 130 55 130 55 40
280 180 170 66 40 250 225 100 40 110 50 40
280 200 150 58 40 280 180 170 66 180 76 40
280 225 130 52 40 280 200 150 58 160 68 40
280 250 110 47 40 280 225 130 52 140 62 40
315 200 190 78 40 280 250 110 47 120 57 40
315 225 160 62 40 315 200 190 78 190 78 40
315 250 140 57 40 315 225 160 62 170 72 40
315 280 120 54 40 315 250 140 57 150 67 40
315 280 120 54 130 64 40
26
DE L I
End Caps 20 45 35
25 52 40
32 58 45
40 67 50
50 75 55
S
63 85 62
75 82 66
90 110 78
D
110 125 88
125 55 25
140 65 30
L
I
160 80 40
180 90 47
200 100 50
225 110 60
E
Adaptors: with female thread

DE G L I D
25 ½" 40 17 36
25 ¾" 39 10 41
32 ½" 36 14 36
32 ¾" 36 12 41
32 1" 39 11 48
40 ¾" 45 17 50
40 1" 45 16 52
D
E 40 1¼" 45 13 64
50 ½" 47 20 53
S
50 1" 47 20 54
50 1¼" 49 21 63
I
50 1½" 49 17 69
L
63 2" 54 17 85
75 2½" 58 16 90
G
D
Adaptors: with male thread

DE G L I1 I2
20 ½" 46 19 18
25 ¾" 51 22 20
32 1" 61 28 24
40 1¼" 66 29 26
50 1½" 74 32 28
63 2" 80 35 31
DE
S
G
I2
L
I1
27
Unions - Short
DE
Sizes 20mm to 75mm inclusive are all

110 mm long.
Sizes 90mm and 110mm are 180mm long.
Z
Unions - Long
SDR 17 & 11
DE Z
20 190
25 190
32 190
40 190
50 190
63 190
75 260
DE
90 300
110 340
Z
The unions consists of:

- PE union end and union bush
- PVC nut
- EPDM or FPM gasket
28
Compression Fittings
Lamasat is also a proud supplier of Alprene

range of compression and transition fittings.
These fittings are available in sizes from
16 - 110mm and have a maximum operating
pressure of 16 bar.
Alprene is renowned for quality products and

services. Their compression fittings comply with
the requirements of a number of South Africa
specifications and, in Zambia.
The Alprene fitting design uses the mechanical

advantage of the nut thread to place the seal into
a compressed position. This means no resistance
when inserting the pipe into the fitting, thus
eliminating damage or displacement to the seal
during installation. Furthermore the fittings have
no loose components which can be incorrectly
assembled or lost.
29
39
Full details of the dimensions and Lamasat International we are
masses of each fitting is available in proud distributors of the Alprene
Lamasat's “Alprene Metric Technical range of 10 bar rated compression
Manual”. However included here fittings. Details of these fittings are
below is an outline of the available set out in a separate
range. “Alprene Compression Joints”
catalogue
Couplings (16mm to 110mm) Reducing Tees 90° Male Elbows

Slip Couplings (20mm to 63mm) (25mm x 20mm to 63mm x 50mm) (25mm x ¾" and 32mm x 1")
Reducing Couplings Female Iron Tees 90° Female Elbows

(20mm x 16mm to 110mm x 90mm) (16mm x ½" to 110mm x 4") (16mm x ½" to 110mm x 4")
Male Adaptors Male Iron Tees End Caps

(16mm x ½" to 110mm x 4") (25mm x ½" and 25mm x ¾") (16mm to 110mm)
Female Adaptors 90° Elbows Equal Tees (16mm to 110mm)

(16mm x ½" to 110mm x 4") (16mm to 110mm) Slip Tees (20mm to 63mm)
30
Other Fittings Pipe External Threaded off take
diameter (mm) FI (BSP)
Magnum Polypropylene Saddles 25mm ½"

25mm ¾"
32mm ½"
To complete this comprehensive range of 32mm ¾"
compression fittings Lamasat International also 32mm 1" "
supply, range of polypropylene saddles for use 40mm ½
¾
on both PVC and HDPE pressure pipe. 40mm "
40mm 1" "
50mm ½
¾
The Lamasat Saddles and fittings are 50mm "
engineered for use above or below ground for the 50mm 1" "
transfer of fluids; including water, chemicals or 63mm ½
¾
slurries, frequently encountered in the civil 63mm "
engineering and mining or irrigation industries. 63mm 1"
63mm 1 ¼"
63mm 1 ½"
Features 75mm ½"
75mm ¾"
• PN 16 (Blue) pressure ratings. 75mm 1"
• Nitrile sealing gasket for excellent sealing 75mm 1 ¼"
performance and chemical resistance. 75mm 1 ½"
75mm 2" "
• Suitable for contact with potable water.
90mm ½
¾
• High grade polypropylene body selected for its
90mm "
tough, high impact, lightweight, and durable
90mm 1"
properties. 90mm 1 ¼"
• Stainless steel reinforcing rings on threaded 90mm 1 ½"
branch. 90mm 2" "
• Bolt clips to facilitate easy assembly. 110mm ½
¾
• Hexagon moulding to prevent bolt turning 110mm "
during assembly. 110mm 1"
• Supplied with Zinc electroplated steel bolts 110mm 1 ¼"
and nuts. 110mm 1 ½"
110mm 2" "
160mm 1¾
160mm "
160mm 1 ¼"
160mm 1 ½"
160mm 2"
Robust saddle tower design for Stainless steel reinforcement

long term stress ring provides superior support
to female off-take thread
Sealing gasket is
compressed onto
pipe surface and C lips
provides tolerance prevent
to scuffed, scratched bolt from
or oval pipe displacing
during
assembly
Rounded body shape Reinforcing ribs H exagonal groove prevents

prevents unnecessary stress strengthen pressure bolts from turning when
on body during assembly performance tightening nut
41
31
41 www.lamasat.co.zm | Email: sales@lamasat.co.zm
Flanges
Dimensions - Galvanised Steel (Stainless) Backing Rings.

Size
Bolt Size
D1
PCD B
D
BS 10 Table D BS 10 Table E ASA 150

Pipe
Dimensions - mm Bolts Dimensions - mm Bolts Dimensions - mm Bolts
Size
D D1 B PCD No. Size D B PCD No. Size D B PCD No. Size
20 95.5 30 8 66.7 4 M12 95.5 8 66.7 4 M12 89 10 60.3 4 M12
25 101.6 38 8 73 4 M12 101.6 8 73 4 M12 98.6 10 69.8 4 M12
32 114.3 45 8 82.6 4 M12 114.3 8 82.6 4 M12 108 10 79.4 4 M12
40 120.6 52 10 87.3 4 M12 120.6 10 87.3 4 M12 117.5 12 88.9 4 M12
50 133.3 63 10 98.4 4 M12 133.3 10 98.4 4 M12 127 12 98.4 4 M12
63 152.4 74 10 114.3 4 M16 152.4 10 114.3 4 M16 152.4 12 120.6 4 M16
75 165.1 86 10 127 4 M16 165.1 10 127 4 M16 177.8 12 139.7 4 M16
90 184.1 103 12 146 4 M16 184.1 12 146 8 M16 190.5 12 152.4 4 M16
110 215.9 128 15 177.8 4 M16 215.9 15 177.8 8 M16 228.6 15 190.5 8 M16
125 254 135 15 209.6 8 M16 254 15 209.6 8 M16 254 15 215.9 8 M16
140 254 158 15 209.6 8 M16 254 15 209.6 8 M16 254 15 215.9 8 M16
160 279.4 188 15 235 8 M16 279.4 18 235 8 M20 279.4 20 241.3 8 M16
180 285 188 15 235 8 M16 285 19 235 8 M20 280 20 241.3 8 M16
200 336.6 236 16 292 8 M16 336.6 19 292 8 M20 343 20 298.4 8 M16
225 369 236 16 323.9 8 M16 369 22 323.9 12 M20 343 20 298.4 8 M16
250 406.4 279 16 355.6 8 M20 406.4 22 355.6 12 M20 406.4 25 361.9 12 M20
280 406.4 292 20 355.6 8 M20 406.4 22 355.6 12 M20 406.4 25 361.9 12 M20
315 457.2 350 20 406.4 12 M20 457.2 25 406.4 12 M24 482.6 25 431.8 12 M20
355 527.1 367 23 469.9 12 M24 527.1 29 469.9 12 M24 533.4 25 476.2 12 M20
400 577.9 430 23 520.7 12 M24 577.9 29 520.7 12 M24 596.9 30 539.7 12 M24
450 641.4 476 25 584.2 12 M24 641.4 35 584.2 16 M24 635 30 577.8 16 M24
500 704.9 533 25 641.4 16 M24 704.9 38 641.4 16 M24 698.5 30 635 16 M24
560 762 592 30 698 16 M24 762 44 698 16 M24 - - - - -
630 825.5 662 30 755.7 16 M24 825.5 47 755.7 16 M30 812.8 36 749.3 20 M24
SABS 1123 1600/3 SABS 1123 1000/3 SABS 1123 600/3

Pipe
Dimensions - mm Bolts Dimensions - mm Bolts Dimensions - mm Bolts
Size
D D1 B PCD No. Size D B PCD No. Size D B PCD No. Size
20 95 30 10 65 4 M12 95 10 65 4 M12 80 10 55 4 M10
25 105 38 10 75 4 M12 105 10 75 4 M12 90 10 65 4 M10
32 115 45 10 85 4 M12 115 10 85 4 M12 100 10 75 4 M10
40 140 52 12 100 4 M16 140 12 100 4 M16 120 10 90 4 M12
50 150 63 12 110 4 M16 150 12 110 4 M16 130 12 100 4 M12
63 165 74 12 125 4 M16 165 12 125 4 M16 140 12 110 4 M12
75 185 86 12 145 4 M16 185 12 145 4 M16 160 12 130 4 M12
90 200 103 12 160 8 M16 200 12 160 8 M16 190 12 150 4 M16
110 220 128 15 180 8 M16 220 15 180 8 M16 210 12 170 4 M16
125 250 135 15 210 8 M16 250 15 210 8 M16 240 15 200 8 M16
140 250 158 15 210 8 M16 250 15 210 8 M16 240 15 200 8 M16
160 285 188 20 240 8 M20 285 20 240 8 M20 265 15 225 8 M16
180 285 188 20 240 8 M20 285 20 240 8 M20 265 15 225 8 M16
200 340 236 20 295 12 M20 340 20 295 8 M20 320 20 280 8 M16
225 340 236 20 295 12 M20 340 20 295 8 M20 320 20 280 8 M16
250 405 279 25 355 12 M24 395 25 350 12 M20 375 20 335 12 M16
280 405 292 25 355 12 M24 395 25 350 12 M20 375 20 335 12 M16
315 460 350 25 410 12 M24 445 25 400 12 M20 440 20 395 12 M20
355 520 367 25 470 16 M24 506 25 460 16 M20 490 20 445 12 M20
400 580 430 30 525 16 M24 565 30 515 16 M24 540 25 495 16 M20
450 640 476 30 585 20 M24 615 30 565 20 M24 595 25 550 16 M20
500 715 533 30 650 20 M30 670 30 620 20 M24 645 25 600 20 M20
560 775 592 36 710 20 M30 730 35 675 20 M24 705 25 655 20 M24
630 840 662 36 770 20 M30 780 38 725 20 M24 755 25 705 20 M24
32
Bolt dimensions for flanged connection
Flange drilled to SABS 1193 (1977) Table 1 000 and 1 600
BOLTS LENGTH OF BOLTS

Plastic to Plastic Plastic to Steel
OD NO SIZE
PN PN PN PN
4 - 10 12 - 20 4 - 10 12 - 20
20 4 M12 75 75 65 65
25 4 M12 75 75 65 65
32 4 M12 75 75 65 65
40 4 M16 90 100 75 75
50 4 M16 90 100 75 75
63 4 M16 90 100 75 75
75 4 M16 90 100 75 75
90 8 M16 90 100 75 75
110 8 M16 115 125 90 90
125 8 M16 115 125 90 90
140 8 M16 115 125 90 90
160 8 M20 140 180 115 125
180 8 M20 140 180 115 125
200 8/12* M20 140 180 125 125
225 8/12* M20 165 180 125 125
250 12 M20 180 230 125 165
280 12 M20 180 230 140 165
315 12 M20 200 230 140 165
355 12/16* M20/24* 200 230 140 165
400 16 M24 230 255 165 165
450 20 M24 230 255 165 180
500 20 M24/30* 230 - 165 -
560 20 M24/30* 230 - 165 -
630 20 M24/30* 300 - 200 -
NOTE: The bolt diameters and lengths refer to flanges drilled to the above standard only.
The lengths of bolts allow for gaskets and washers.
* Items marked thus depict different bolt quantities and sizes for Table 1 000 and
Table 1 600 flanges respectively.
33
Tech Fittings
Tech fittings can be fabricated by butt-welding

Tech stubs to any of the range of butt-weld fittings
shown earlier so that they may be used with Tech
Clamps.
Tech Clamp Detail:
B
Pipe A B C
OD mm mm mm
110 165 212 86
125 186 237 80
140 198 245 95
A 160 215 272 104
180 246 300 105
200 278 322 111
225 293 348 108
250 322 373 118
280 354 402 122
C = Width
OD
Victaulic Fittings
As with Tech fittings, Victaulic fittings can be

fabricated by butt-welding Victaulic stubs onto any
of the range of butt-weld fittings.
Victaulic Clamp Detail:

S
D
C
E
X
Z A
Y B
Nominal A B C D E X Y Z Bolt
size size
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
50 25.0 35.0 82.5 68.0 61.0 44.5 146.0 113.0 M12
80 25.0 35.0 111.0 98.0 90.5 63.5 186.0 146.0 M16
100 27.0 38.0 141.5 123.0 116.0 63.5 232.0 184.0 M16
150 27.0 38.0 194.0 176.0 167.0 89.0 279.0 232.0 M16
200 30.0 44.0 255.5 233.0 221.0 111.0 356.0 308.0 M20
250 30.0 44.0 314.5 287.0 275.0 111.0 410.0 365.0 M20
34
Design Considerations
Flow
The flow charts given here have each been SDR PE100 PE80 PE63
calculated for a particular SDR and can therefore 33 ---- 4 3.2
by applied to various pressure classes depending 26 6.3 ---- 4
on the material designation and design stress. 21 8 6.3 ----
Only sizes covered by SABS ISO 4427 have been 17 10 8 6.3
included in these charts. The table on the right 13.6 12.5 10 8
gives the PN classes (pressure in bar) covered by 11 16 12.5 10
each SDR. 9 20 16 12.5
7.4 ---- 20 16
The nomogram and tables that follow provide a
guide to friction losses that can be expected when
using clean HDPE pressure pipes with clean water
at 20°C. No account has been taken of any
possible fittings in a line.
Nomogram
Internal Diameter Flow Rate Flow Velocity Hydraulic Gradient
(mm) L/sec L/min (m/s) m/100m pipe
15
20
0.01
0.01
1
25
0.02
2 0.05 0.02
30
0.05 3
0.03
4
35 5
0.1 0.1 0.04
40 0.05
1
0.2 0.15
0.3
50 0
0.4 0.2
0.5 30 0.1
60 40
50 0.3
1
70
0.4 0.2
100
80 2
0.5
3 0.3
90 200
4 0.4
100 5 300
400 0.5
500 1
1000
20 1.5 1
150 30
2000
40 2
50 3000
4000 2
200 5000 3
100
3
10000 4
250 200 4
5
300 20000 5
400
300 30000
500
40000
350 50000 10
1000 10
3
400 m/min
1 00
2000
15
3000 20
500 200
4000 20
5000 0
300
Diagram for water at 10°C Approximate values only
NOTE: For sizes not covered by Nomogram,
please contact Technical Support Department. 2
35
SDR 33 Size (mm-O.D.) 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 560 630
Wall thickness mm 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.8 6.1 7.6 9.5 10.8 12.1 13.6 15.2 17.0 19.1
Inside Diameter mm 59.2 70.4 84.6 103.4 117.4 131.6 150.4 1 87.8 234.8 296.0 333.4 302.6 422.8 469.6 526.0 591.8
3
G.P.H. m/hr. l/s.
396 1.8 0.5
792 3.6 1 0.32
1584 7.2 2 1.11 0.48 0.20
2376 10.8 3 2.27 0.99 0.41 0.16
3168 14.4 4 3.77 1.65 0.69 0.26 0.14
3960 18 5 5.60 2.45 1.02 0.39 0.21 0.12
4752 21.6 6 7.74 3.38 1.41 0.54 0.30 0.17 0.09
5544 25.2 7 10.16 4.45 1.85 0.71 0.39 0.22 0.12
6336 28.8 8 12.87 5.63 2.34 0.90 0.49 0.28 0.15
7128 32.4 9 6.94 2.89 1.11 0.61 0.35 0.19 0.06
7920 36 10 8.36 3.48 1.34 0.73 0.42 0.22 0.08
9504 43.2 12 4.81 1.85 1.01 0.58 0.31 0.11
11088 50.4 14 6.31 2.42 1.32 0.77 0.41 0.14 0.05
12672 57.6 16 8.00 3.07 1.68 0.97 0.51 0.18 0.06
14256 64.8 18 3.78 2.06 1.20 0.63 0.22 0.08
15840 72 20 4.56 2.49 1.44 0.76 0.26 0.09
17424 79.2 22 5.39 2.94 1.71 0.90 0.31 0.11 0.04
19008 86.4 24 6.29 3.43 1.99 1.05 0.37 0.13 0.04
20592 93.6 26 3.96 2.30 1.21 0.42 0.15 0.05 0.03
22176 100.8 28 4.51 2.62 1.38 0.48 0.17 0.05 0.03
23760 108 30 5.10 2.96 1.56 0.54 0.19 0.06 0.04
25344 115.2 32 5.71 3.31 1.75 0.61 0.21 0.07 0.04
26928 122.4 34 3.69 1.95 0.68 0.23 0.08 0.04 0.02
28512 129.6 36 4.08 2.16 0.75 0.26 0.09 0.05 0.03
30096 136.8 38 4.49 2.38 0.82 0.28 0.09 0.05 0.03
31680 144 40 4.92 2.60 0.90 0.31 0.10 0.06 0.03
35640 162 45 3.21 1.11 0.38 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.02
39600 180 50 3.86 1.34 0.46 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03
43560 198 55 1.59 0.55 0.18 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.02
47520 216 60 1.85 0.64 0.21 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
51480 234 65 2.13 0.73 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.02
55440 252 70 2.43 0.84 0.28 0.16 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
59400 270 75 2.74 0.95 0.31 0.18 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.02
63360 288 80 3.08 1.06 0.35 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
71280 324 90 1.31 0.43 0.25 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02
79200 360 100 1.57 0.52 0.30 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.02
87120 396 110 1.86 0.62 0.35 0.20 0.11 0.07 0.04 0.02
95040 432 120 2.17 0.72 0.41 0.23 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.03
102960 468 130 2.50 0.83 0.47 0.27 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03
110880 504 140 0.95 0.54 0.30 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.03
118800 540 150 1.07 0.61 0.34 0.20 0.12 0.07 0.04
126720 576 160 1.20 0.68 0.38 0.22 0.13 0.08 0.04
134640 612 170 1.33 0.76 0.43 0.24 0.15 0.09 0.05
142560 648 180 1.48 0.84 0.47 0.27 0.16 0.10 0.05
150480 684 190 1.62 0.92 0.52 0.30 0.18 0.10 0.06
158400 720 200 1.78 1.01 0.57 0.32 0.20 0.11 0.07
166320 756 210 1.94 1.10 0.62 0.35 0.21 0.12 0.07
174240 792 220 1.19 0.67 0.38 0.23 0.14 0.08
182160 828 230 1.29 0.73 0.42 0.25 0.15 0.08
190080 864 240 1.39 0.79 0.45 0.27 0.16 0.09
198000 900 250 1.50 0.85 0.48 0.29 0.17 0.10
205920 936 260 1.60 0.91 0.52 0.31 0.18 0.10
213840 972 270 0.97 0.55 0.33 0.19 0.11
221760 1008 280 1.03 0.59 0.36 0.21 0.12
229680 1044 290 1.10 0.63 0.38 0.22 0.13
237600 1080 300 1.17 0.67 0.40 0.23 0.13
245520 1116 310 1.24 0.70 0.43 0.25 0.14
253440 1152 320 1.31 0.75 0.45 0.26 0.15
261360 1188 330 1 .38 0.79 0.48 0.28 0.16
269280 1224 340 0.83 0.50 0.29 0.17
277200 1260 350 0.87 0.53 0.31 0.18
285120 1296 360 0.92 0.56 0.32 0.18
293040 1332 370 0.96 0.58 0.34 0.19
300960 1368 380 1.01 0.61 0.36 0.20
308880 1404 390 1.06 0.64 0.37 0.21
316800 1440 400 1.11 0.67 0.39 0.22
332640 1512 420 1 .21 0.73 0.43 0.24
348480 1584 440 0.79 0.46 0.26
364320 1656 460 0.86 0.50 0.29
380160 1728 480 0.93 0.54 0.31
396000 1800 500 1.00 0.58 0.33
435600 1980 550 0.69 0.39
475200 2160 600 0.80 0.46
514800 2340 650 0.92 0.53
554400 2520 700 0.60
594000 2700 750 0.68
633600 2880 800 0.76
© Copyright
Notes: Colour Code Velocity - m/s Comments
1. The colour coding represents the approximate velocity of the Unshaded numbers above Yellow <0.5 but not < 0.3 too big
water in the size of pipe chosen. Yellow -0.5 to 0.99 a smaller pipe may be more suitable
2. If two or more size columns have the same colouring then there Light Green -1.0 to 1.49 about right
is a choice of suitable sizes each with its own friction loss value.
Dark Green -1.5 to 1.99 about right
3. The range of velocities (metres per second) represented by the
colours is as follows: Tan -2.0 to 2.49 a bigger pipe may be more suitable
Unshaded numbers below Tan >2.5 but not > 3.0 too small
36
SDR 26 Size (mm-O.D.) 40 50 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 560 630
Wall thickness mm 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.9 3.5 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.2 7.7 9.6 12.1 13.7 15.4 17.3 19.2 21.5 24.2
Inside Diameter mm 36.8 46.2 58.2 69.2 83.0 101.6 115.4 129.2 147.6 184.6 230.8 290.8 327.6 369.2 415.4 461.6 517.0 581.6
3
G.P.H. m/hr. l/s.
396 1.8 0.5 0.92 0.31
792 3.6 1 3.13 1.06 0.35
1584 7.2 2 10.69 3.61 1.20 0.53 0.22
2376 10.8 3 21.91 7.40 2.46 1.08 0.45 0.17
3168 14.4 4 12.32 4.09 1.79 0.75 0.29 0.16 0.09
3960 18 5 18.28 6.08 2.66 1.12 0.43 0.23 0.14
4752 21.6 6 8.39 3.67 1.54 0.59 0.32 0.19 0.10
5544 25.2 7 11.02 4.83 2.03 0.77 0.42 0.25 0.13
6336 28.8 8 6.11 2.57 0.98 0.53 0.31 0.16 0.06
7128 32.4 9 7.53 3.16 1.21 0.66 0.38 0.20 0.07
7920 36 10 9.07 3.81 1.45 0.79 0.46 0.24 0.08
9504 43.2 12 5.26 2.01 1.09 0.64 0.34 0.12
11088 50.4 14 6.91 2.64 1.44 0.84 0.44 0.15 0.05
12672 57.6 16 8.76 3.34 1.82 1.06 0.56 0.19 0.07
14256 64.8 18 4.11 2.24 1.31 0.69 0.24 0.08
15840 72 20 4.96 2.70 1.57 0.83 0.29 0.10 0.03
17424 79.2 22 5.87 3.20 1.86 0.99 0.34 0.12 0.04
19008 86.4 24 6.84 3.73 2.17 1.15 0.40 0.14 0.05
20592 93.6 26 4.29 2.51 1.33 0.46 0.16 0.05 0.03
22176 100.8 28 4.90 2.86 1.51 0.52 0.18 0.06 0.03
23760 108 30 5.53 3.23 1.71 0.59 0.20 0.07 0.04
25344 115.2 32 3.62 1.92 0.66 0.23 0.08 0.04 0.02
26928 122.4 34 4.03 2.13 0.73 0.25 0.08 0.05 0.03
28512 129.6 36 4.46 2.36 0.81 0.28 0.09 0.05 0.03
30096 136.8 38 4.90 2.60 0.89 0.31 0.10 0.06 0.03
31680 144 40 5.37 2.85 0.98 0.34 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
35640 162 45 3.51 1.21 0.42 0.14 0.08 0.04 0.03
39600 180 50 4.22 1.45 0.50 0.17 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
43560 198 55 1.72 0.59 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
47520 216 60 2.01 0.69 0.23 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.03
51480 234 65 2.31 0.80 0.26 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02
55440 252 70 2.64 0.91 0.30 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.02
59400 270 75 2.98 1.03 0.34 0.19 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
63360 288 80 3.34 1.15 0.38 0.22 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.01
71280 324 90 1.42 0.47 0.27 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
79200 360 100 1.71 0.57 0.32 0.18 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.02
87120 396 110 2.02 0.67 0.38 0.22 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
95040 432 120 2.36 0.78 0.44 0.25 0.14 0.09 0.05 0.03
102960 468 130 0.90 0.51 0.29 0.16 0.10 0.06 0.03
110880 504 140 1.03 0.58 0.33 0.19 0.11 0.07 0.04
118800 540 150 1.16 0.66 0.37 0.21 0.13 0.07 0.04
126720 576 160 1.30 0.74 0.42 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.05
134640 612 170 1.45 0.82 0.46 0.26 0.16 0.09 0.05
142560 648 180 1.61 0.91 0.51 0.29 0.18 0.10 0.06
150480 684 190 1 .77 1.00 0.57 0.32 0.19 0.11 0.06
158400 720 200 1.10 0.62 0.35 0.21 0.12 0.07
166320 756 210 1.19 0.68 0.38 0.23 0.14 0.08
174240 792 220 1.30 0.73 0.42 0.25 0.15 0.08
182160 828 230 1.40 0.79 0.45 0.27 0.16 0.09
190080 864 240 1.51 0.86 0.49 0.29 0.17 0.10
198000 900 250 1 .63 0.92 0.52 0.32 0.18 0.11
205920 936 260 0.99 0.56 0.34 0.20 0.11
213840 972 270 1.05 0.60 0.36 0.21 0.12
221760 1008 280 1.12 0.64 0.39 0.23 0.13
229680 1044 290 1.20 0.68 0.41 0.24 0.14
237600 1080 300 1.27 0.72 0.44 0.25 0.15
245520 1116 310 1.35 0.77 0.46 0.27 0.15
253440 1152 320 1.42 0.81 0.49 0.29 0.16
261360 1188 330 0.86 0.52 0.30 0.17
269280 1224 340 0.90 0.55 0.32 0.18
277200 1260 350 0.95 0.57 0.33 0.19
285120 1296 360 1.00 0.60 0.35 0.20
293040 1332 370 1.05 0.63 0.37 0.21
300960 1368 380 1.10 0.66 0.39 0.22
308880 1404 390 1.15 0.70 0.41 0.23
316800 1440 400 1.20 0.73 0.42 0.24
332640 1512 420 0.79 0.46 0.26
348480 1584 440 0.86 0.50 0.29
364320 1656 460 0.93 0.54 0.31
380160 1728 480 1.01 0.59 0.33
396000 1800 500 1.08 0.63 0.36
435600 1980 550 0.75 0.42
475200 2160 600 0.87 0.50
514800 2340 650 0.57
554400 2520 700 0.65
594000 2700 750 0.74
633600 2880 800
© Copyright
How to read the charts:
1. Choose the particular chart for the material designation (PE 100, PE 80, PE 63) and pressure class (PN 16, PN 10 etc.) of pipe being used.
2. In one of the first 3 columns find the nearest value of the quantity of water to be pumped. The three columns give the quantity of water in different units.
GPH = Gallons per hour,
m³/hr = cubic metres per hour,
l/s = litres per second.
3. Run your eye along the horizontal line found in instruction 2 above until you get to numbers which are shaded light green. The number in the shaded block is the
friction loss (expressed in metres per 100 metres) for the size of pipe given at the top of the particular column.
4. The reverse sequence
37
SDR 21 Size (mm-O.D.) 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 560 630
Wall thickness mm 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.3 5.2 6.0 6.7 7.6 9.5 11.9 15.0 16.9 19.0 21.4 23.8 26.7 30.0
Inside Diameter mm 21.8 28.8 36.2 45.2 57.0 67.8 81.4 99.6 113.0 126.6 144.8 181.0 226.2 285.0 321.2 362.0 407.2 452.4 506.6 570.0
3
G.P.H. m/hr. l/s.
79 0.4 0.1
158 0.7 0.2 2.21 0.58
238 1.1 0.3 4.52 1.20
317 1.4 0.4 7.52 1.99 0.67
396 1.8 0.5 11.17 2.96 0.99 0.34
475 2.2 0.6 15.42 4.08 1.37 0.48
554 2.5 0.7 20.25 5.37 1.80 0.63
634 2.9 0.8 25.65 6.80 2.28 0.79 0.26
713 3.2 0.9 31.60 8.37 2.81 0.98 0.32
792 3.6 1 38.08 10.09 3.39 1.18 0.39
1584 7.2 2 34.41 11.56 4.01 1.33 0.58 0.24
2376 10.8 3 23.69 8.22 2.72 1.19 0.50 0.19 0.10
3168 14.4 4 13.67 4.52 1.98 0.83 0.32 0.17 0.10
3960 18 5 20.29 6.71 2.93 1.23 0.47 0.26 0.15 0.08
4752 21.6 6 9.27 4.05 1.69 0.65 0.35 0.21 0.11
5544 25.2 7 12.17 5.32 2.22 0.85 0.47 0.27 0.14
6336 28.8 8 6.74 2.82 1.08 0.59 0.34 0.18 0.06
7128 32.4 9 8.30 3.47 1.33 0.73 0.42 0.22 0.08
7920 36 10 1 0.00 4.18 1.60 0.87 0.51 0.27 0.09
9504 43.2 12 5.78 2.21 1.21 0.70 0.37 0.13 0.04
11088 50.4 14 7.59 2.90 1.59 0.92 0.49 0.17 0.06
12672 57.6 16 3.67 2.01 1.17 0.62 0.21 0.07
14256 64.8 18 4.52 2.48 1.44 0.76 0.26 0.09
15840 72 20 5.45 2.98 1.74 0.91 0.32 0.11 0.04
17424 79.2 22 6.45 3.53 2.05 1.08 0.37 0.13 0.04
19008 86.4 24 4.12 2.40 1.26 0.44 0.15 0.05 0.03
20592 93.6 26 4.75 2.76 1.45 0.50 0.17 0.06 0.03
22176 100.8 28 5.41 3.15 1.66 0.57 0.20 0.07 0.04
23760 108 30 6.12 3.56 1.87 0.65 0.22 0.07 0.04
25344 115.2 32 3.99 2.10 0.72 0.25 0.08 0.05 0.03
26928 122.4 34 4.44 2.34 0.81 0.28 0.09 0.05 0.03
28512 129.6 36 4.91 2.59 0.89 0.31 0.10 0.06 0.03
30096 136.8 38 2.85 0.98 0.34 0.11 0.06 0.04
31680 144 40 3.12 1.08 0.37 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
35640 162 45 3.84 1.32 0.46 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03
39600 180 50 1.60 0.55 0.18 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.02
43560 198 55 1.89 0.65 0.22 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
47520 216 60 2.20 0.76 0.25 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02
51480 234 65 2.54 0.88 0.29 0.16 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
55440 252 70 2.90 1.00 0.33 0.19 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
59400 270 75 3.27 1.13 0.38 0.21 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
63360 288 80 1.27 0.42 0.24 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02
71280 324 90 1.56 0.52 0.29 0.17 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.02
79200 360 100 1.88 0.62 0.35 0.20 0.11 0.07 0.04 0.02
87120 396 110 2.23 0.74 0.42 0.24 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.03
95040 432 120 2.60 0.86 0.49 0.28 0.16 0.10 0.06 0.03
102960 468 130 0.99 0.58 0.32 0.18 0.11 0.06 0.04
110880 504 140 1.13 0.64 0.36 0.21 0.13 0.07 0.04
118800 540 150 1.28 0.72 0.41 0.23 0.14 0.08 0.05
126720 576 160 1.43 0.81 0.46 0.26 0.16 0.09 0.05
134640 612 170 1.60 0.90 0.51 0.29 0.18 0.10 0.06
142560 648 180 1.77 1.00 0.56 0.32 0.20 0.11 0.06
150480 684 190 1.95 1.10 0.62 0.35 0.21 0.13 0.07
158400 720 200 1.20 0.68 0.39 0.24 0.14 0.08
166320 756 210 1.31 0.74 0.42 0.26 0.15 0.09
174240 792 220 1.43 0.81 0.46 0.28 0.16 0.09
182160 828 230 1.54 0.87 0.50 0.30 0.18 0.10
190080 864 240 1.66 0.94 0.54 0.32 0.19 0.11
198000 900 250 1.01 0.58 0.35 0.20 0.12
205920 936 260 1.08 0.62 0.37 0.22 0.12
213840 972 270 1.16 0.66 0.40 0.23 0.13
221760 1008 280 1.23 0.70 0.43 0.25 0.14
229680 1044 290 1.31 0.75 0.45 0.26 0.15
237600 1080 300 1.40 0.80 0.48 0.28 0.16
245520 1116 310 0.84 0.51 0.30 0.17
253440 1152 320 0.89 0.54 0.31 0.18
261360 1188 330 0.94 0.57 0.33 0.19
269280 1224 340 0.99 0.60 0.35 0.20
277200 1260 350 1.05 0.63 0.37 0.21
285120 1296 360 1.10 0.67 0.39 0.22
293040 1332 370 1.15 0.70 0.41 0.23
300960 1368 380 1.21 0.73 0.43 0.24
308880 1404 390 1 .27 0.77 0.45 0.25
316800 1440 400 0.80 0.47 0.27
332640 1512 420 0.87 0.51 0.29
348480 1584 440 0.95 0.55 0.32
364320 1656 460 1.03 0.60 0.34
380160 1728 480 1.11 0.65 0.37
396000 1800 500 0.69 0.40
435600 1980 550 0.82 0.47
475200 2160 600 0.96 0.55
514800 2340 650 0.63
554400 2520 700 0.72
594000 2700 750 0.81
633600 2880 800
© Copyright
38
SDR 17 Size (mm-O.D.) 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 560 630
3
G.P.H. m/hr. l/s.
79 0.4 0.1
158 0.7 0.2 2.21 0.65
238 1.1 0.3 4.52 1.32 0.46
317 1.4 0.4 7.52 2.20 0.77
396 1.8 0.5 11.17 3.27 1.14 0.38
475 2.2 0.6 15.42 4.52 1.57 0.53
554 2.5 0.7 20.25 5.93 2.06 0.70
634 2.9 0.8 25.65 7.51 2.61 0.88 0.29
713 3.2 0.9 31.60 9.26 3.21 1.09 0.36
792 3.6 1 38.08 11.15 3.87 1.31 0.44
1584 7.2 2 1 3.21 4.46 1.49 0.65 0.27
2376 10.8 3 9.14 3.06 1.33 0.56 0.22 0.12
3168 14.4 4 15.21 5.09 2.21 0.93 0.36 0.19 0.11
3960 18 5 7.56 3.29 1.38 0.53 0.29 0.17 0.09
4752 21.6 6 10.43 4.54 1.91 0.73 0.40 0.23 0.12
5544 25.2 7 13.71 5.96 2.51 0.96 0.52 0.30 0.16
6336 28.8 8 7.55 3.17 1.22 0.66 0.38 0.20 0.07
7128 32.4 9 9.30 3.91 1.50 0.82 0.47 0.25 0.09
7920 36 10 11.21 4.71 1.81 0.99 0.57 0.30 0.10
9504 43.2 12 6.50 2.50 1.36 0.79 0.42 0.14 0.05
11088 50.4 14 8.54 3.29 1.79 1.03 0.55 0.19 0.07
12672 57.6 16 4.16 2.27 1.31 0.69 0.24 0.08
14256 64.8 18 5.13 2.79 1.61 0.86 0.30 0.10 0.03
15840 72 20 6.18 3.36 1.95 1.03 0.36 0.12 0.04
17424 79.2 22 7.32 3.98 2.30 1.22 0.42 0.15 0.05
19008 86.4 24 4.64 2.69 1.42 0.49 0.17 0.06 0.03
20592 93.6 26 5.35 3.10 1.64 0.57 0.20 0.06 0.04
22176 100.8 28 6.10 3.53 1.87 0.65 0.22 0.07 0.04
23760 108 30 3.99 2.11 0.73 0.25 0.08 0.05 0.03
25344 115.2 32 4.47 2.37 0.82 0.28 0.09 0.05 0.03
26928 122.4 34 4.98 2.64 0.91 0.31 0.10 0.06 0.03
28512 129.6 36 2.92 1.01 0.35 0.12 0.07 0.04
30096 136.8 38 3.21 1.11 0.38 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.02
31680 144 40 3.52 1.22 0.42 0.14 0.08 0.04 0.03
35640 162 45 4.33 1.50 0.52 0.17 0.10 0.05 0.03
39600 180 50 1.81 0.62 0.21 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
43560 198 55 2.14 0.74 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.04 0.03
47520 216 60 2.49 0.86 0.28 0.16 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
51480 234 65 2.87 0.99 0.33 0.19 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.02
55440 252 70 3.27 1.13 0.37 0.21 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
59400 270 75 1.27 0.42 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02
63360 288 80 1.43 0.47 0.27 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
71280 324 90 1.76 0.58 0.33 0.19 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
79200 360 100 2.12 0.70 0.40 0.23 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.03
87120 396 110 2.51 0.83 0.47 0.27 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03
95040 432 120 0.97 0.55 0.31 0.18 0.11 0.06 0.04
102960 468 130 1.12 0.63 0.36 0.20 0.12 0.07 0.04
110880 504 140 1.28 0.72 0.41 0.23 0.14 0.08 0.05
118800 540 150 1.44 0.82 0.46 0.26 0.16 0.09 0.05
126720 576 160 1.62 0.91 0.52 0.30 0.18 0.10 0.06
134640 612 170 1.80 1.02 0.58 0.33 0.20 0.12 0.07
142560 648 180 1.99 1.13 0.64 0.36 0.22 0.13 0.07
150480 684 190 1.24 0.70 0.40 0.24 0.14 0.08
158400 720 200 1.36 0.77 0.44 0.26 0.15 0.09
166320 756 210 1.48 0.84 0.48 0.29 0.17 0.10
174240 792 220 1.61 0.91 0.52 0.31 0.18 0.10
182160 828 230 1 .74 0.98 0.56 0.34 0.20 0.11
190080 864 240 1.06 0.61 0.37 0.21 0.12
198000 900 250 1.14 0.65 0.39 0.23 0.13
205920 936 260 1.22 0.70 0.42 0.25 0.14
213840 972 270 1.31 0.75 0.45 0.26 0.15
221760 1008 280 1.39 0.80 0.48 0.28 0.16
229680 1044 290 1.48 0.85 0.51 0.30 0.17
237600 1080 300 0.90 0.54 0.32 0.18
245520 1116 310 0.95 0.58 0.33 0.19
253440 1152 320 1.01 0.61 0.35 0.20
261360 1188 330 1.06 0.64 0.37 0.21
269280 1224 340 1.12 0.68 0.39 0.23
277200 1260 350 1.18 0.71 0.42 0.24
285120 1296 360 1.24 0.75 0.44 0.25
293040 1332 370 1.30 0.79 0.46 0.26
300960 1368 380 0.82 0.48 0.27
308880 1404 390 0.86 0.50 0.29
316800 1440 400 0.90 0.53 0.30
332640 1512 420 0.98 0.57 0.33
348480 1584 440 1.07 0.62 0.36
364320 1656 460 0.67 0.38
380160 1728 480 0.73 0.41
396000 1800 500 0.78 0.45
435600 1980 550 0.82 0.53
475200 2160 600 0.62
514800 2340 650 0.71
554400 2520 700 0.81
594000 2700 750
633600 2880 800
© Copyright
39
SDR 13.6 Size (mm-O.D.) 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 .1 125 140 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 560 630
Wall thickness mm 1.6 1.8 2.4 2.9 3.7 4.6 5.5 6.6 98 9.2 10.3 11.8 14.7 18.4 23.2 26.1 29.4 33.1 36.8 41.2 46.3
Inside Diameter mm 16.8 21.4 27.2 34.2 42.6 53.8 64.0 76.8 3.8 106.6 119.4 136.4 170.6 213.2 268.6 302.8 341.2 383.8 426.4 477.6 537.4
3
G.P.H. m/hr. l/s.
79 0.4 0.1 2.24
158 0.7 0.2 7.64 2.41 0.77
238 1.1 0.3 15.66 4.94 1.57 0.53
317 1.4 0.4 26.07 8.22 2.62 0.88 0.31
396 1.8 0.5 38.69 12.20 3.89 1.30 0.46
475 2.2 0.6 53.42 16.84 5.37 1.80 0.63
554 2.5 0.7 22.13 7.05 2.36 0.83 0.27
634 2.9 0.8 28.02 8.93 2.99 1.05 0.34
713 3.2 0.9 34.52 11.00 3.69 1.29 0.42
792 3.6 1 41.60 13.25 4.44 1.56 0.51 0.22
1584 7.2 2 15.16 5.32 1.75 0.76 0.32
2376 10.8 3 10.90 3.58 1.56 0.66 0.25 0.14
3168 14.4 4 18.13 5.96 2.60 1.09 0.42 0.23 0.13
3960 18 5 8.84 3.86 1.62 0.62 0.34 0.20 0.10
4752 21.6 6 12.21 5.33 2.24 0.86 0.47 0.27 0.14
5544 25.2 7 7.01 2.94 1.13 0.61 0.36 0.19 0.07
6336 28.8 8 8.87 3.72 1.43 0.78 0.45 0.24 0.08
7128 32.4 9 10.93 4.58 1.76 0.96 0.56 0.30 0.10
7920 36 10 5.52 2.13 1.16 0.67 0.36 0.12
9504 43.2 12 7.62 2.94 1.60 0.93 0.49 0.17 0.06
11088 50.4 14 3.86 2.10 1.22 0.65 0.22 0.08
12672 57.6 16 4.89 2.65 1.55 0.82 0.28 0.10
14256 64.8 18 6.02 3.27 1.90 1.01 0.35 0.12 0.04
15840 72 20 7.25 3.94 2.29 1.22 0.42 0.14 0.05
17424 79.2 22 4.66 2.72 1.44 0.50 0.17 0.06 0.03
19008 86.4 24 5.44 3.17 1.68 0.58 0.20 0.07 0.04
20592 93.6 26 6.27 3.65 1.93 0.67 0.23 0.08 0.04
22176 100.8 28 4.16 2.21 0.76 0.26 0.09 0.05 0.03
23760 108 30 4.70 2.49 0.86 0.30 0.10 0.06 0.03
25344 115.2 32 5.27 2.79 0.96 0.33 0.11 0.06 0.04
26928 122.4 34 3.11 1.07 0.37 0.12 0.07 0.04
28512 129.6 36 3.44 1.18 0.41 0.14 0.08 0.04 0.02
30096 136.8 38 3.79 1.30 0.45 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.03
31680 144 40 4.15 1.43 0.49 0.16 0.09 0.05 0.03
35640 162 45 1.76 0.61 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
39600 180 50 2.12 0.73 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.04 0.03
43560 198 55 2.51 0.87 0.29 0.16 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
47520 216 60 2.92 1.01 0.34 0.19 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
51480 234 65 3.37 1.16 0.39 0.22 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
55440 252 70 1.33 0.44 0.25 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02
59400 270 75 1.50 0.50 0.28 0.16 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
63360 288 80 1.68 0.56 0.32 0.18 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.02
71280 324 90 2.07 0.69 0.39 0.22 0.13 0.08 0.04 0.03
79200 360 100 2.49 0.83 0.47 0.26 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03
87120 396 110 0.98 0.55 0.31 0.18 0.11 0.06 0.04
95040 432 120 1.14 0.65 0.37 0.21 0.13 0.07 0.04
102960 468 130 1.32 0.74 0.42 0.24 0.15 0.08 0.05
110880 504 140 1.50 0.85 0.48 0.27 0.17 0.10 0.05
118800 540 150 1.70 0.96 0.54 0.31 0.19 0.11 0.06
126720 576 160 1.90 1.07 0.61 0.35 0.21 0.12 0.07
134640 612 170 1.20 0.68 0.39 0.23 0.14 0.08
142560 648 180 1.32 0.75 0.43 0.26 0.15 0.09
150480 684 190 1.46 0.82 0.47 0.28 0.17 0.09
158400 720 200 1.60 0.90 0.51 0.31 0.18 0.10
166320 756 210 1.74 0.98 0.56 0.34 0.20 0.11
174240 792 220 1.07 0.61 0.37 0.21 0.12
182160 828 230 1.16 0.66 0.40 0.23 0.13
190080 864 240 1.25 0.71 0.43 0.25 0.14
198000 900 250 1.34 0.76 0.46 0.27 0.15
205920 936 260 1.44 0.82 0.50 0.29 0.16
213840 972 270 1.54 0.88 0.53 0.31 0.18
221760 1008 280 0.93 0.57 0.33 0.19
229680 1044 290 0.99 0.60 0.35 0.20
237600 1080 300 1.06 0.64 0.37 0.21
245520 1116 310 1.12 0.68 0.39 0.22
253440 1152 320 1.18 0.72 0.42 0.24
261360 1188 330 1.25 0.76 0.44 0.25
269280 1224 340 1.32 0.80 0.46 0.26
277200 1260 350 0.84 0.49 0.28
285120 1296 360 0.51 0.29
293040 1332 370 0.54 0.31
300960 1368 380 0.57 0.32
308880 1404 390 0.59 0.34
316800 1440 400 0.62 0.35
332640 1512 420 0.67 0.38
348480 1584 440 0.73 0.42
364320 1656 460 0.79 0.45
380160 1728 480 0.85 0.49
396000 1800 500 0.92 0.52
435600 1980 550 0.62
475200 2160 600 0.72
514800 2340 650 0.83
554400 2520 700
© Copyright

40
16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 560 630
SDR 11 Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.9 3.6 4.5 5.7 6.8 8.2 10.0 11.4 12.7 14.5 18.2 22.7 28.6 32.3 36.4 40.9 45.5 50.9 57.3
Inside Diameter mm 12.8 16.4 20.4 26.2 32.8 41.0 51.6 61.4 73.6 90.0 102.2 114.6 131.0 163.6 204.6 257.8 290.4 327.2 368.2 409.0 458.2 515.4
3
G.P.H. m/hr. l /s.
79 0.4 0.1 8.20 2.51 0.89
158 0.7 0.2 27.96 8.57 3.03 0.92
238 1.1 0.3 57.31 17.57 6.20 1.88 0.64
317 1.4 0.4 29.24 10.32 3.13 1.07 0.37
396 1.8 0.5 43.40 15.32 4.65 1.59 0.55
475 2.2 0.6 59.93 21.16 6.41 2.20 0.76
554 2.5 0.7 27.80 8.43 2.89 1.00 0.33
634 2.9 0.8 35.21 10.67 3.66 1.26 0.42
713 3.2 0.9 43.37 13.15 4.50 1.55 0.52 0.23
792 3.6 1 15.84 5.43 1.87 0.62 0.27
1584 7.2 2 18.50 6.38 2.13 0.93 0.39 0.15
2376 10.8 3 13.08 4.37 1.91 0.80 0.31 0.17
3168 14.4 4 7.27 3.17 1.34 0.51 0.28 0.16 0.09
3960 18 5 10.79 4.71 1.98 0.76 0.41 0.24 0.13
4752 21.6 6 14.90 6.50 2.74 10.5 0.57 0.33 0.18
5544 25.2 7 8.54 3.60 1.38 0.75 0.44 0.23 0.08
6336 28.8 8 10.82 4.56 1.75 0.95 0.55 0.29 0.10
7128 32.4 9 5.61 2.15 1.17 0.68 0.36 0.12
7920 36 10 6.76 2.59 1.41 0.82 0.43 0.15 0.05
9504 43.2 12 9.34 3.58 1.95 1.13 0.60 0.21 0.07
11088 50.4 14 4.70 2.56 1.48 0.78 0.27 0.09
12672 57.6 16 5.95 3.25 1.88 0.99 0.34 0.12 0.04
14256 64.8 18 7.33 4.00 2.32 1.22 0.42 0.15 0.05
15840 72 20 4.82 2.79 1.47 0.51 0.18 0.06 0.03
17424 79.2 22 5.70 3.30 1.75 0.60 0.21 0.07 0.04
19008 86.4 24 6.65 3.85 2.04 0.71 0.24 0.08 0.05
20592 93.6 26 4.44 2.35 0.81 0.28 0.09 0.05
22176 100.8 28 5.06 2.67 0.93 0.32 0.11 0.06 0.03
23760 108 30 5.72 3.02 1.05 0.36 0.12 0.07 0.04
25344 115.2 32 3.39 1.17 0.40 0.13 0.08 0.04 0.02
26928 122.4 34 3.77 1.31 0.45 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.03
28512 129.6 36 4.17 1.45 0.50 0.17 0.09 0.05 0.03
30096 136.8 38 4.59 1.59 0.55 0.18 0.10 0.06 0.03
31680 144 40 5.03 1.74 0.60 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
35640 162 45 2.15 0.74 0.25 0.14 0.08 0.04 0.03
39600 180 50 2.59 0.89 0.30 0.17 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
43560 198 55 3.06 1.05 0.35 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.02
47520 216 60 3.57 1.23 0.41 0.23 0.13 0.07 0.05 0.03
51480 234 65 1.42 0.47 0.27 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02
55440 252 70 1.61 0.54 0.30 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.02
59400 270 75 1.82 0.61 0.34 0.19 0.11 0.07 0.04 0.02
63360 288 80 2.04 0.68 0.38 0.22 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.02
71280 324 90 2.52 0.84 0.47 0.27 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03
79200 360 100 1.01 0.57 0.32 0.18 0.11 0.06 0.04
87120 396 110 1.19 0.68 0.38 0.22 0.13 0.08 0.04
95040 432 120 1.39 0.79 0.45 0.25 0.15 0.09 0.05
102960 468 130 1.60 0.91 0.51 0.29 0.18 0.10 0.06
110880 504 140 1.83 1.04 0.59 0.33 0.20 0.12 0.07
118800 540 150 2.07 1.17 0.66 0.38 0.23 0.13 0.08
126720 576 160 1.31 0.74 0.42 0.26 0.15 0.09
134640 612 170 1.46 0.83 0.47 0.29 0.17 0.09
142560 648 180 1.62 0.91 0.52 0.32 0.18 0.10
150480 684 190 1.78 1.01 0.57 0.35 0.20 0.12
158400 720 200 1.10 0.63 0.38 0.22 0.13
166320 756 210 1.20 0.68 0.41 0.24 0.14
174240 792 220 1.30 0.74 0.45 0.26 0.15
182160 828 230 1.41 0.80 0.49 0.28 0.16
190080 864 240 1.52 0.87 0.53 0.31 0.17
198000 900 250 1.64 0.93 0.56 0.33 0.19
205920 936 260 1.00 0.60 0.35 0.20
213840 972 270 1.07 0.65 0.38 0.21
221760 1008 280 1.14 0.69 0.40 0.23
229680 1044 290 1.21 0.73 0.43 0.24
237600 1080 300 1.29 0.78 0.45 0.26
245520 1116 310 1.36 0.83 0.48 0.27
253440 1152 320 0.87 0.51 0.29
261360 1188 330 0.92 0.54 0.31
269280 1224 340 0.97 0.57 0.32
277200 1260 350 1.02 0.60 0.34
285120 1296 360 1.08 0.63 0.36
293040 1332 370 1.13 0.66 0.37
300960 1368 380 1.18 0.69 0.39
308880 1404 390 1.24 0.72 0.41
316800 1440 400 0.75 0.43
332640 1512 420 0.82 0.47
348480 1584 440 0.89 0.51
364320 1656 460 0.97 0.55
380160 1728 480 1.04 0.59
396000 1800 500 0.64
435600 1980 550 0.76
475200 2160 600 0.88
514800 2340 650
554400 2520 700
© Copyright
41
SDR 9 Size (mm-O.D.) 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500
3
G.P.H. m/hr. l /s.
79 0.4 0.1 9.54 3.19 1.13 0.35
158 0.7 0.2 32.53 10.88 3.85 1.19 0.40
238 1.1 0.3 66.68 22.31 7.89 2.44 0.82
317 1.4 0.4 37.12 13.12 4.07 1.36 0.48
396 1.8 0.5 55.09 19.48 6.04 2.02 0.71
475 2.2 0.6 26.89 8.34 2.79 0.99 0.32
554 2.5 0.7 35.33 10.95 3.66 1.29 0.43
634 2.9 0.8 44.75 13.87 4.64 1.64 0.54 0.23
713 3.2 0.9 17.08 5.72 2.02 0.66 0.29
792 3.6 1 20.59 6.89 2.43 0.80 0.35
1584 7.2 2 23.49 8.30 2.73 1.18 0.50 0.19
2376 10.8 3 17.02 5.59 2.42 1.02 0.39 0.21 0.12
3168 14.4 4 9.30 4.03 1.70 0.65 0.35 0.21 0.11
3960 18 5 13.81 5.98 2.52 0.96 0.53 0.31 0.16
4752 21.6 6 8.25 3.48 1.33 0.73 0.42 0.22 0.08
5544 25.2 7 10.84 4.57 1.75 0.95 0.56 0.29 0.10
6336 28.8 8 13.73 5.79 2.22 1.21 0.71 0.37 0.13
7128 32.4 9 7.13 2.73 1.49 0.87 0.46 0.16 0.05
7920 36 10 8.59 3.29 1.79 1.05 0.55 0.19 0.07
9504 43.2 12 4.54 2.48 1.45 0.76 0.26 0.09
11088 50.4 14 5.97 3.26 1.90 1.00 0.35 0.12 0.04
12672 57.6 16 7.56 4.12 2.41 1.27 0.44 0.15 0.05
14256 64.8 18 5.08 2.97 1.57 0.54 0.19 0.06 0.03
15840 72 20 6.12 3.57 1.89 0.65 0.22 0.07 0.04
17424 79.2 22 7.25 4.23 2.23 0.77 0.27 0.09 0.05
19008 86.4 24 4.94 2.61 0.90 0.31 0.10 0.06 0.03
20592 93.6 26 5.69 3.00 1.03 0.36 0.12 0.07 0.04
22176 100.8 28 3.42 1.18 0.41 0.13 0.08 0.04
23760 108 30 3.87 1.33 0.46 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.03
25344 115.2 32 4.33 1.49 0.52 0.17 0.10 0.05 0.03
26928 122.4 34 4.83 1.66 0.57 0.19 0.11 0.06 0.03
28512 129.6 36 5.34 1.84 0.63 0.21 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
30096 136.8 38 2.02 0.70 0.23 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.03
31680 144 40 2.21 0.77 0.25 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.03
35640 162 45 2.73 0.94 0.31 0.18 0.10 0.06 0.03
39600 180 50 3.28 1.14 0.38 0.21 0.12 0.07 0.04
43560 198 55 3.89 1.34 0.45 0.25 0.14 0.08 0.05
47520 216 60 1.57 0.52 0.29 0.17 0.09 0.06
51480 234 65 1.81 0.60 0.34 0.19 0.11 0.07
55440 252 70 2.06 0.68 0.39 0.22 0.12 0.08
59400 270 75 2.33 0.77 0.44 0.25 0.14 0.09
63360 288 80 2.61 0.87 0.49 0.28 0.16 0.10
71280 324 90 1.07 0.60 0.34 0.19 0.12
79200 360 100 1.28 0.73 0.41 0.23 0.14
87120 396 110 1.52 0.86 0.49 0.28 0.17
95040 432 120 1.77 1.00 0.57 0.32 0.20
102960 468 130 2.04 1.15 0.65 0.37 0.23
110880 504 140 2.33 1.32 0.74 0.43 0.26
118800 540 150 1.49 0.84 0.48 0.29
126720 576 160 1.67 0.94 0.54 0.33
134640 612 170 1.86 1.05 0.60 0.36
142560 648 180 1.16 0.66 0.40
150480 684 190 1.28 0.73 0.44
158400 720 200 1.40 0.80 0.48
166320 756 210 1.53 0.87 0.53
174240 792 220 1.66 0.95 0.57
182160 828 230 1.02 0.62
190080 864 240 1.10 0.67
198000 900 250 1.19 0.72
205920 936 260 1.27 0.77
213840 972 270 1.36 0.82
221760 1008 280 1.45 0.88
229680 1044 290 0.93
237600 1080 300 0.99
245520 1116 310 1.05
253440 1152 320 1.11
261360 1188 330 1.17
269280 1224 340 1.24
277200 1260 350 1.30
285120 1296 360
293040 1332 370
300960 1368 380
308880 1404 390
316800 1440 400
© Copyright

52
42
SDR 7.4 Size (mm-O.D.) 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 250 315 355 400 450
Wall thickness mm 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.3 5.4 6.8 8.5 10.1 12.2 14.9 16.9 18.9 21.6 27.0 33.8 42.6 48.0 54.1 60.8
Inside Diameter mm 11.6 14.6 18.2 23.4 29.2 36.4 46.0 54.8 65.6 80.2 91.2 102.2 116.8 146.0 182.4 229.8 259.0 291.8 328.4
3
G.P.H. m/hr. l /s.
79 0.4 0.1 13.11 4.38 1.53
158 0.7 0.2 44.72 14.93 5.22 1.57 0.55
238 1.1 0.3 91.66 30.60 10.69 3.22 1.12
317 1.4 0.4 50.91 17.79 5.37 1.87 0.65
396 1.8 0.5 75.57 26.41 7.96 2.77 0.97 0.32
475 2.2 0.6 36.47 11.00 3.82 1.34 0.44
554 2.5 0.7 47.91 14.45 5.02 1.76 0.57 0.25
634 2.9 0.8 18.30 6.36 2.22 0.73 0.32
713 3.2 0.9 22.54 7.84 2.74 0.90 0.39
792 3.6 1 27.16 9.45 3.30 1.08 0.47 0.20
1584 7.2 2 32.22 11.26 3.69 1.60 0.68 0.26 0.14
2376 10.8 3 23.08 7.56 3.28 1.39 0.53 0.29 0.17
3168 14.4 4 12.57 5.46 2.31 0.89 0.48 0.28 0.15
3960 18 5 8.10 3.43 1.32 0.71 0.41 0.22 0.08
4752 21.6 6 11.18 4.74 1.82 0.98 0.57 0.30 0.10
5544 25.2 7 14.69 6.23 2.39 1.29 0.75 0.40 0.14
6336 28.8 8 7.89 3.02 1.64 0.95 0.50 0.17 0.06
7128 32.4 9 9.72 3.73 2.02 1.17 0.62 0.21 0.07
7920 36 10 11.71 4.49 2.43 1.41 0.75 0.26 0.09
9504 43.2 12 6.20 3.36 1.95 1.03 0.36 0.12
11088 50.4 14 8.14 4.41 2.56 1.36 0.47 0.16 0.05
12672 57.6 16 5.59 3.25 1.72 0.59 0.20 0.07 0.04
14256 64.8 18 6.88 4.00 2.11 0.73 0.25 0.08 0.05
15840 72 20 4.82 2.55 0.88 0.30 0.10 0.06 0.03
17424 79.2 22 5.70 3.02 1.04 0.36 0.12 0.07 0.04
19008 86.4 24 6.65 3.52 1.21 0.42 0.14 0.08 0.04
20592 93.6 26 4.05 1.40 0.48 0.16 0.09 0.05 0.03
22176 100.8 28 4.62 1.59 0.55 0.18 0.10 0.06 0.03
23760 108 30 5.22 1.80 0.62 0.21 0.12 0.07 0.04
25344 115.2 32 5.86 2.02 0.70 0.23 0.13 0.07 0.04
26928 122.4 34 2.25 0.78 0.26 0.15 0.08 0.05
28512 129.6 36 2.49 0.86 0.29 0.16 0.09 0.05
30096 136.8 38 2.74 0.95 0.31 0.18 0.10 0.06
31680 144 40 3.00 1.04 0.34 0.19 0.11 0.06
35640 162 45 3.69 1.28 0.42 0.24 0.14 0.08
39600 180 50 4.45 1.54 0.51 0.29 0.16 0.09
43560 198 55 1.82 0.61 0.34 0.19 0.11
47520 216 60 2.13 0.71 0.40 0.23 0.13
51480 234 65 2.45 0.81 0.46 0.26 0.15
55440 252 70 2.79 0.93 0.52 0.30 0.17
59400 270 75 3.15 1.05 0.59 0.34 0.19
63360 288 80 1.17 0.66 0.38 0.21
71280 324 90 1.45 0.82 0.46 0.26
79200 360 100 1.74 0.99 0.56 0.32
87120 396 110 2.06 1.17 0.66 0.38
95040 432 120 2.41 1.36 0.77 0.44
102960 468 130 1.57 0.89 0.51
110880 504 140 1.79 1.01 0.58
118800 540 150 2.02 1.14 0.65
126720 576 160 1.28 0.73
134640 612 170 1.43 0.81
142560 648 180 1.58 0.90
150480 684 190 1.74 0.99
158400 720 200 1.90 1.08
166320 756 210 1.18
174240 792 220 1.28
182160 828 230 1.39
190080 864 240 1.50
198000 900 250 1.61
205920 936 260
213840 972 270
221760 1008 280
229680 1044 290
237600 1080 300
© Copyright

43
Pressure Considerations Pressure Considerations
Static Dynamic
The hydrostatic pressure capacity of HDPE pipe is The pressure classes of SABS ISO 4427 HDPE
related to a number of variables: pipes are based on constant internal water
• The ratio between the outside diameter and the pressures. HDPE pipes are however capable of
wall thickness (standard dimension ratio - SDR). handling dynamic pressure events which exceed
• The hydrostatic design stress of the HDPE the values given by the classes but such
material being used (PE63, PE 80, PE100). occurrences can have a negative effect on the
• The operating temperature. standard 50 year life expectancy and in extreme
• The duration and variability of the stress applied cases can result in product failure.
by the internal hydrostatic pressure.
• The chemical resistance of the pipe to the Water Hammer
chemical being carried (the standard pressure
rating is based on a pipe carrying water). Pipelines may be subjected to short-term increase
in pressure above the normal working pressure
Although HDPE pipe can withstand short-term due to water hammer. Water hammer will occur in
hydrostatic water pressures at levels substantially a pipeline when its equilibrium is disturbed by
higher than the pressure rating, or class, (see rapid changes in flow conditions. Examples of
“The Stress Regression Line” and “Design Stress such conditions are: starting and stopping of
and Safety Factor” on pages 8 & 9) the duty of pumps, rapid opening and closing of valves, pipe
HDPE pipe should always be based on the pipe's failures, etc.
long-term strength at 20°C to ensure a design life
of at least 50 years. A rapid change in the velocity Äv of water in the
pipeline gives rise to a pressure increase Äp
As stated earlier, the relationship between the according to the formula:
internal pressure, the diameter and wall thickness
and the circumferential hoop stress in the pipe Äp = cÄv/g
wall, is given by the Barlow Formula, which can
also be expressed as follows. Where: c = wave celerity (metres per second)
g = acceleration due to gravity
p=2xtxs or alternatively t= pxd
d (2.s + P) The approximate wave celerities for HDPE pipes
are as follows:
Where: p = internal pressure (MPa)
SDR Wave Celerity - m/s
t = minimum wall thickness (mm)
d = mean outside diameter (mm) 33 190
s= circumferential hoop stress (MPa) 26 215
21 242
These formulae have been standardized for use in 17 270
design, testing and research and are applicable at 13.6 307
all levels of pressure and stress. 11 349
9 395
For design purposes, p is taken as the maximum 7.4 450
allowable working pressure and s, the maximum
allowable hoop stress at 20°C. Note:
1. Since part of the formula for calculating wave
The design hoop stresses used in SABS ISO 4427 celerity incorporates the ratio between diameter
are as follows: and wall thickness (SDR), which is roughly
constant for all sizes within a pressure class,
Design Stress
the wave celerities are also constant for all
Material
sizes within a pressure class.
PE 63 5 MPa
2. By way of comparison the wave celerity for
PE 80 6.3 MPa
steel pipes is about 3-5 times higher than for
PE 100 8 MPa
HDPE 1000 to 1400 m/s.
54
44
It is important to note that the pressure increase HDPE pipes will expand or contract by 0.2mm per
due to water hammer in a particular class of pipe metre per °C rise or fall in temperature. A 30°C
is a function of the change in velocity and it is temperature rise will therefore cause a 36 mm
therefore important (for this and other reasons) to expansion of a 6 metre pipe.
keep pumping velocities in a pipeline within the
conventional norm of 1 to 2 m/s.
Trench Load Considerations
In general, steps should be taken during design
and operation to minimize the frequency and It has been well established by researchers over
intensity of water hammer. However the total many years that, for flexible pipes, it is the
pressure may be permitted to reach a value 50% interaction between the soil and the pipe which
higher than the nominal pressure if the frequency has to be considered more extensively than is the
can be described as “occasional”. case for rigid pipes where the material strength of
the pipe is the critical issue. The points discussed
here are given as a guide only to good design by
Temperature considerations the engineer.
Effect on Pressure Soil and Traffic Loads
Pressure de-rating factors should be applied to The vertical load on a HDPE pipe due to soil is a
HDPE pipes when operating temperatures rise function of the trench width and depth, the unit
above 20°C. The de-rating factors below are weight and type of the soil and the pipe diameter
applicable to HDPE: and wall thickness. This loading must generally be
corrected for the fact that the soil is cohesive and
Temperature Multiply Working the side fill reacts with the fill above the pipe.
Pressure by: Furthermore flexible pipes deflect and shed load
0 - 20ºC 1.0 to the side fill. This vertical deflection is limited by
20 - 25ºC 0.8 lateral soil resistance. The resultant load is
25 - 30ºC 0.63 therefore less than that which column theory
30 - 35ºC 0.5 suggests.
35 - 40ºC 0.4
40 - 45ºC 0.32 The Soil Loading graphs overleaf show that, after
45 - 50ºC 0.25 initial rapid increases with increased depth, this
rate of increase falls away to almost zero at
depths of about 6 metres or more. Typical
N.B. The maximum recommended working maximum values of soil loads (without live loads)
temperature is 50°C. are between 500 and 27000 N/m (for sizes up to
630mm), depending largely on soil type, modulus
At lower temperatures, between 20°C and 0°C, and pipe stiffness. As soil compaction is increased
the pressure handling capability does increase but so the maximum soil load on the pipe reduces,
it is recommended that this be ignored. In the assuming that good backfilling procedures have
unlikely event of water freezing inside an HDPE been followed.
pipe damage is unlikely to occur. Nonetheless it is
recommended that the pipeline system be If a 60KN live load is added then the soil load
protected against freezing to obviate flow increases dramatically (if compaction is poor but
restrictions. less dramatically if it is good) at shallow depths,
but from about 3 metres deep this difference
Effect on Dimensions becomes negligible.
Due to the relatively high co-efficient of expansion As can be seen from the Deflection vs Soil Load
and contraction (given in “Expansion and graph there is a straight line relationship between
Contraction” earlier) it is necessary to make deflection and soil load for each size and class of
allowance for this in any design and installation pipe. Therefore when the soil load reaches a
which is exposed to wide variations of maximum then the deflection is also at a
temperature. maximum.
45
These graphs include the maximum soil loads The graphs have been based on calculations
from the Soil Loading graphs and as can be seen using values typical for reasonable backfill
the maximum deflection (for the conditions material which has been poorly compacted (soil
represented) is less than 2% - for a 630 mm modulus of 3 mPa) and on two scenarios
SDR 26 pipe - even with a 60 KN live load. excluding and including a 60 kN live load. Trench
This Deflection vs Soil Loading graph also shows widths of 0.4m, 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m and 0.9m were
that the small diameter, lower pressure-class used for the following groups of pipe sizes:
pipes (thinner walls) are at the left hand side of the 50mm - 160mm, 200mm - 315mm,
graph and are almost vertical while the bigger 355mm - 400mm, 450mm - 500mm and
diameter, higher pressure class pipes are 560mm - 630mm. Different soil cover over the
progressively further right and are not as vertical. pipes were used, varying from 0.9m to 10m. The
Large diameter pipes carry more load because of method of calculation was provided by Professor
their greater surface area thicker pipes carry David Stephenson of Witwatersrand University.
more soil load because it is more difficult to deflect
them since less load shedding occurs. The effect of these loads on HDPE pipes is very
similar to that on PVC pipes.
Soil Loading on HDPE

No Live Load
Soil Modulus : 3MPa
30 000
25 000
160mm SDR 26
160mm SDR 13.6
160mm SDR 9
20 000
250mm SDR 26
Soil Load - N/m
250mm SDR 13.6

250mm SDR 9
355mm SDR 26
15 000
355mm SDR 13.6
355mm SDR 9
450mm SDR 26
450mm SDR 13.6
10 000
450mm SDR 9
630mm SDR 26
630mm SDR 13.6
5 000
0
0.9 1.2 1.5 2 4 6 8 10
Depth of Cover - Metres
Soil Loading on HDPE

With 60 KN Live Load
Soil Modulus : 3MPa
30 000
25 000
160mm SDR 26
160mm SDR 13.6
160mm SDR 9
20 000 250mm SDR 26
Soil Load - N/m
250mm SDR 13.6

250mm SDR 9
355mm SDR 26
15 000
355mm SDR 13.6
355mm SDR 9
450mm SDR 26
450mm SDR 13.6
10 000
450mm SDR 9
630mm SDR 26
630mm SDR 13.6
5 000
0
0.9 1.2 1.5 2 4 6 8 10
Depth of Cover - Metres
46
Deflection vs Soil Load HDPE
No Live Load
Soil Modulus : 3MPa
1.8
1.6 160mm SDR 26

160mm SDR 13.6
1.4 160mm SDR 9
250mm SDR 26
250mm SDR 13.6
Deflection - %
1.2
250mm SDR 9
355mm SDR 26
1
355mm SDR 13.6
355mm SDR 9
0.8 450mm SDR 26
450mm SDR 13.6
0.6 450mm SDR 9
630mm SDR 26
630mm SDR 13.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
Soil Load - N/m
Deflection vs Soil Load HDPE

60 KN Live Load
Soil Modulus : 3MPa
1.8
1.6 160mm SDR 26

160mm SDR 13.6
1.4 160mm SDR 9
250mm SDR 26
250mm SDR 13.6
Deflection - %
1.2
250mm SDR 9
355mm SDR 26
1
355mm SDR 13.6
355mm SDR 9
0.8 450mm SDR 26
450mm SDR 13.6
0.6 450mm SDR 9
630mm SDR 26
630mm SDR 13.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
Soil Load - N/m
Note:
Calculations with a higher soil modulus (not shown), implying
better compaction, show much lower deflection percentages
and reduce the gap between the static soil load and the live load.
47
Above Ground installation
For exposed above-ground pipework proper by the graph below. The graph is based on PE 63
anchorage and support is essential. It must cater material and Classes 6 and 10.
for thermal stresses or movement over the
ambient temperature range to which the pipe As a rule of thumb the following adjustments can
system will be exposed. be made for variations in temperature and class.
Above-ground HDPE systems should preferably Reduce the centre distance by 3% for every 10°C
be installed at or near maximum operating increase in temperature. Increase the centre
temperature. This will ensure that the pipe is distance by 2.5% for every 10% increase in wall
thermally expanded when clamps or supports are thickness above Class 6.
bolted into position and the pipe will be prevented
from contracting. Tensile stresses will develop as Pipe clamps used for anchorage and support
the pipework cools, and the pipeline will therefore should have flat, non-abrasive contact faces, or be
remain straight between supports. When reheated lined with rubber sheeting and should not be over-
to installation temperature, any sagging will be tightened. The width of support brackets and
minimized. hangers should normally be either 100mm or half
the nominal pipe diameter, whichever is the
When suspending HDPE pipes the recommended greater. Support brackets should allow free axial
centre distance between supports at 20°C is given movement.
Support Centres at 20ºC
4.5
4
Support Centres - Metres
3.5
3
Class 10
2.5 Class 6
Linear (Class 10)
2
Linear (Class 6)
1.5
0.5
0
40
63
90
0
25
5
16
25
45
56
35
Pipe Diameter - mm
Bending
One of the important features of using HDPE
pipes is its flexibility.
However it is important that the bending radius at Radius = minimum 20 x Pipe diameter
any point should not be less than 20 times the
pipe outside diameter when at an ambient
temperature of 20°C. When lower temperatures
are encountered it is necessary to progressively
increase the minimum bending radius by a factor
of up to 2.5 times at 0°C.
48
A Lamasat Publication
©Copyright 2012
Contact us
Lamasat International (Z) Ltd
Head Office: Plot 397/0/1 Chipwenupwenu Road Off Kafue Road,Makeni Lusaka.
• Tel: 260 211-273 142/5

• Fax: 260 211-273 141
• Website: www.lamasat.co.zm
• Email: sales@lamasat.co.zm

HDPE Manual: Lamasat

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Lamasat HDPE Manual

Properties - Welding - Fittings - Design - Jointing

Lamasat International Zambia Limited...

A customer service philosophy

Customer service systems

Customer service decisions

Customer service vision

Customer service area

HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)

HDPE Pipe Material Advances Quality Assurance

Features and Benefits

Nominal Working Pressure HDS

Items Shaded available in SABS ISO 4427

HDS = (Hydrostatic Design Stress), in (MPA), is

of the pipe. PE 100 10 8

SDR 17 SDR 13.6 SDR 11 SDR 9 SDR 7.4

Table of Physical Properties

Property Value Unit Test Method Test Specimen

Viscosity Number 380 ml/g ISO 1628-3 0.1% solution of granules

Tensile Properties Yield Stress 26 N/mm2 ISO 527

Elongation at Yield Stress 10 % ISO 527

Tensile Creep Modulus 2

Flexural Properties Flexural Creep Modulus 1100 N/mm

Flexural Stress 20 N/mm

Stiffness in Torsion 180 N/mm

Shore Hardness D ISO 868 sheet, 6mm

Vicat Softening Point 67 °C ISO 306 sheet, 4mm

Oxidation Induction Time 200°C in O2 >60 min. ISO TR 10837 granules

Comparison with other plastic materials

Property HDPE PP PVC PVC-C * PB *

Surface feel Waxy Waxy Smooth Smooth Waxy

s Burst stress MPa

PE 100 10 8 In terms of the SABS specification the Melt Flow

Hydrostatic MRS of material - MPa

Material Co-efficient of expansion (K-1)

Graph of Relative Wear Rates

Abrasive Wear Properties

Non-Permanent (detachable) Jointing

Tech System Compression Fittings

Even though washing may remove large deposits

• Place the heater plate in the machine and close

Heater Plate Surface Temperature: 195ºC to 200ºC

Machined Reducing Bushes

180 204 224 185 33 44 65

Victaulic Stub Detail (HDPE)

160 160 178.5 161 161 17 15 55 6"

A B Note: The ID for all "Stubs" above

Buttwelding is a very economical and reliable

SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11

SDR 17 & 11 SDR 17 & 11 continued

SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11

Reducers - Concentric Continued

SDR 11 SDR 11 continued

DE1 DE2 L I1 I2 DE1 D E2 L I1 I2

Reducers - Concentric Continued

SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11

SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11

DE1 DE2 L I1 I2 SDR 17 SDR 11

Adaptors: with female thread

Adaptors: with male thread

Sizes 20mm to 75mm inclusive are all

The unions consists of:

Lamasat is also a proud supplier of Alprene