Review Article

A Review Article on Different

Biometric Techniques
Kirandeep Kaur1, Jasvir Singh2

Abstract
With enhancement in technology, the personal identification has become a major challenge to
conquer. The biometric approach is one of the most accurate, secure and reliable method for
personal verification. Biometric device generally works on the principle of pattern recognition that
recognizes a person by his different biological features i.e. Fingerprint, retina-scan, iris scan, hand
geometry, and face recognition are leading physiological biometrics and behavioural characteristic
are Voice recognition, keystroke-scan, and signature-scan

Keywords: Biometric techniques, Pattern recognition, Scan

Introduction
A biometric system works by recognizing a person using various biomedical features and behaviour. A biometric
system is composed of two different modules which are integrated together to work as a single biometric unit. These
modules are:

Database Preparation Module

This module of the biometric system is responsible to enrol a person and to build up a database and afterwards train
the system using that data set. This module is further composed of two sub-modules named as: Enroll module and
Training module.

Training Module
Verification Module: using the collected dataset, this module verifies the person by matching the input pattern with
the pattern in the collected dataset and determines whether or not a person is authenticated.3

Biometric Technology
• Fingerprint recognition
• Voice recognition
• Face recognition
• Palm scan
• Iris-scan
• Retina-scan

1,2
M.Tech Student, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Correspondence: Ms. Jasvir Kaur, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
E-mail Id: jasvirkaurbasra@gmail.com
Orcid Id: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-7613
How to cite this article: Kaur K, Singh J. A Review Article on Different Biometric Techniques. J Adv Res Image Proc Appl 2017;
4(1&2): 1-3.

© ADR Journals 2017. All Rights Reserved.

Kaur K et al.
Fingerprint Recognition
In this technique, a system works on the fingerprint
patterns which are unique physical characteristic of a
human body. The system scans the pattern and store in
the database and further uses this database to match
the input pattern and to verify the identity of a person.
Human fingerprints consist different type of patterns
which are classified as loop, arch and whorl and these all
collectively build up a single pattern. This technique is
commonly used for the purpose of attendance in
organizations and for security purpose but fingerprint
spoofing is one of the most serious threats to this
technology which degrade the level of trust in the
technology.4
Voice Recognition
Voice recognition is based on the behavioural and
physical characteristic of human. Various kinds of voice
recognition interface systems are used currently and are
having a significant role for physically disable person
and helps them to easily operate the mobile and other
machine. This system generally works on the sound
patterns and the rhythm of voice of any person and
hence provides a higher level of security and broader
level of applications.3
Face Recognition
This technology also has a significant attention in the
security measure. This technique is broadly accepted for
attendance and security purpose and in various law-
enforcement fields. This technique is implemented using
various algorithms based on geometric method and
photometric method. Geometric method is based on
Table 1.Comparison of Different Biometric Techniques
J. Adv. Res. Image Proc. Appl. 2017; 4(1&2)
recognizing the geometric structure of the human face
where as the photometric method calculate the various
intensity values in order to identify a person.2
Palm Scan
This technique is having a high security level as compare
to the fingerprint reorganization method. There is a
palm scanner which uses a infrared rays in order to scan
the palm and after that it identifies the flow of blood in
veins as the structure of veins is unique in every human
and hence it is more reliable technique and is having a
good security level value.4
IRIS Scan
This technology requires some special hardware
component unlike face and voice recognition. The iris of
human eye shows unique pattern which is scanned
using infrared rays which shows the different iris pattern
which is not possible to see in daylight or in ordinary
light. After scanning various points of comparisons are
created and are converted into a iris code of 512 digits
and are stored into the database and is latter used to
identify the person by scanning an matching the human
iris.6
Retina-Scan
Retinal vasculature can be obtained from the fundus
image which can be used to study the pattern of blood
vessels of a human eye which is unique in every human
being and hence this concept is used to implement the
retinal scan technology. This method is an older method
as compared to the iris scan but is comparatively
expensive because of high cost of data acquisition
hardware.8
2
J. Adv. Res. Image Proc. Appl. 2017; 4(1&2)
Conclusion
Biometrics is an emerging technology using different
platforms and becoming very popular in various
industrial and security application as integrated through
pocket devices like smart phones, smart cards computer
networks. Public also encourage the use of this
technology as it eliminates the concept of remembering
PIN code or password. This has changed the lifestyle of
the people and helps in improving the security policies
and health factor. As far as biometric has numerous
advantages, it needs lots of improvement in term of cost
and performance in order to provide reliable and secure
services to the society.
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