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API 598
Hydrostatic Test
Yes
Before welding provide gap olet ring and provide 1.5mm to 3mm gap.
Reinforcing pad of welded branch connections shall be pneumatically leak tested with air at 1.75
bar through a minimum of ¼” (6mm) tapped vent hole/weep hole for venting and examined for
leaks using a soap solution at a reduced pressure of 0.2 to 0.35 bar. The 6mm tapped vent shall
not be located in the crotch of the branch.
11. List five items that you would expect to find in a material test certificate?
Chemical compositions, Hydro test report, RT report, HT report, PMI report etc.
12. What flange face is standard on steel gate valve?
13. Where the Saudi Aramco Line Class Designators and Service Code are be found?
It is found in SAES-L-105 and Project Piping Material Specification for the individual Packages
followed by the International Standard B31.3.
14. Break down the line class 6” – CA-127-1CS3C
6” = Pipe Size
CA = Drawing No.
127 = Drawing No.
1CS3C = 1 – 150 Flange Rating,
CS – Carbon Steel (Base Material),
3 – Corrosion Allowance (4.8mm) &
C - Caustic
15. What is a piping system?
A Piping system is a system which connects the equipment (Pressure vessel, Heat exchangers,
pumps, compressors and other fluid handling or processing equipment) which follows
International Codes & Standards based on the Industrial Application.
A piping system consists of the following.
1. Line Class
2. Service
3. Pressure Rating
4. Corrosion Allowance
16. How do you verify that the correct piping material is used?
It can be identified through the following ways
1. Heat No. Traceability with MTC
2. With Material ASTM Specification
3. Color Coding system
4. Positive Material Identification
17. What is often overlooked during orifice flange fabrication?
1. Orifice Tapping Hole orientation
2. Flow direction
3. Flush grinding after Welding
4. NDT after Flushing
5. Seal Welding of Orifice tapping with instrument connection
6. All parallel pipe lines with adjacent orifice fittings shall have a min spacing of 300 mm (12
in) between flanges outside diameters if horizontal taps are required.
18. What are the common failures in the quality system during fit-up that leads to hydro-test failures?
1. Inappropriate Installation of Material used ( Base material, Thickness, Rating)
2. Internal Misalignment
3. Excess Root gap
19. What is the maximum diameter piping allowed in hazardous service?
Socket weld:- 2” for maintenance & minor modification & 1-½” for new construction
Threaded:- 1-½” for standard fitting & valve, and 2” maximum when required for maintenance,
minor field minor modification of existing piping system (SAES-L-110)
20. When a flange connects the pump or other equipment, is there any special tolerance involved?
For piping over 3-inch NPS and connected to machinery/equipment, flange alignment shall
be within the following limits unless piping analysis per SAES-L-120 shows that loads and
moments are within the manufacturer's limits for the machinery/equipment nozzle:
a) Vertical bolt hole offset: ± 2.4 mm
b) Horizontal bolt hole offset: ± 2.4 mm
c) Rotational offset: ± 2.4 mm
d) Flange face tilt across diameter: 0.025 mm per 25 mm (0.001 inch per inch) of
flange outside diameter up to a maximum of 0.672 mm (0.030 inch), and 0.254mm
(0.010 inch) for all flanges with an outside diameter less than 10 inches.
e) Flange face separation, gasket thickness: ± 1.6 mm
f) Combination of vertical, horizontal and rotational offset: ± 3.2 mm
21. What is required thread engagement for piping at Saudi Aramco and where can it be found?
The Minimum number of the engaged threads per nominal size is as follows.
1. For ½” and ¾” - 6 threads must be engaged
2. For 1” to 1 ½” - 7 threads must be engaged
3. For 2” to 3” - 8 threads must be engaged
It is found in SAES-L-350
22. How can an inspector determine if cold spring exists visually on a flanged section of pipe?
It can be determined, if the pipe is stressed mechanically like Bending, Twisting or Pulling. And it is not
acceptable
Disposal of waste water from cleaning, flushing and dewatering from pipelines and vessels.
25. What is hydrostatic and pneumatic pressure test?
Hydrostatic pressure test is a pressure test conducting using water or other approved liquid as the
test medium whereas pneumatic pressure test is a pressure test conducted air or other approved
gas as the test medium or in conjunction with liquid.
26. What we check in water analysis and its value for CS & SS?
In water analysis we check the PH value and chloride content, For CS PH value is 7.5± 5 and
chloride content is < 250ppm. For SS PH value is 10.5 ± 0.5 and chloride content is < 50ppm.
To remove condensate when there is a rise of same in the pipe along the flow direction. If drip
leg is not provided in steam line, the condensate which forms inside the pipe will result in water
hammer effect causing damage to the piping system.