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fruit species
SONATA® Sumleta*
cherry
G lobal production of sweet cherries is approximately 2.2 metric tons annually, 35% of which
from European countries. Italy is the top producer in Europe, with 110-120,000 metric tons
equivalent to more than 15% of continental production.
Among fruit tree crops, cherry has seen the most dramatic innovation in the last 15 years, due
mostly to two factors: a new series of semi-dwarfing and dwarfing rootstocks and a new assortment
of high quality and mostly self-fertile varieties.
The new rootstocks have allowed the use of modern training systems used for high density
orchards with the positive consequences of early bearing, increased yield per hectare and low
production costs.
Two other innovations are worth mentioning: varieties suitable for mechanical harvest by shaking
stem-less fruit and the use of plastic films to protect the trees from rain during the pre-harvest and
harvest period and prevent fruit cracking.
Varieties harvested without stems have been in the European market for some years now and are
destined for increasing success because they can be sold at a much lower price than traditional
cultivars.
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DEF E C
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INTERNTY
QU A L I
SIZE
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EXTERNTS
DEFEC
UNITEC S.p.A.
Via Provinciale Cotignola, 20/9
48022 - Lugo (RA) Italy
tel. +39 0545 288884
Email: unitec@unitec-group.com www.unitec-group.com
walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes cherry
CLIMATE SOIL ROOTSTOCKS
Sweet cherry is native to Europe With the exception of clay and Many cherry rootstocks are avail-
and is cultivated from Norway anoxic soils, all soil types are able, thanks to public, private, na-
to the Mediterranean countries suitable for growing cherries with tional and international breeding
where most production is con- a well-chosen rootstock. Among programs that have given nurse-
centrated. Two periods of fruit traditional rootstocks, Santa Lu- rymen and growers many options
development are very sensitive cia (seedling, SL 64) is still use- for their specific needs and soil
to weather conditions: bloom ful in the lime-rich, rocky, loose, types. The main development has
(cold and rain) and harvest (rain). dry soils of Puglia, or in Sabina been dwarfing and semi-dwarfing
Starting about 20 years ago in (Lazio) or the Venetian hills. Colt rootstocks which have allowed
Norway, plastic films have been has replaced seedling stock in the development of intensive
used to protect the trees dur- the fertile and moist soils of the cherry growing. These orchards
ing these two periods, to elimi- Po Valley. MaxMa 14 and MaxMa achieve full production in few
nate the problem of rain and limit 60, hybrids of cherry seedling years from trees managed totally
damage from cold. This tech- and Santa Lucia, are suited to from the ground and able to pro-
nique has been so successful various soil types. Selections of duce adequate quantities of high
that now the protection of cherry sour cherry such as CAB6P, Wei- quality fruit. This requires an ad-
trees, particularly during fruit rip- root 10 and 13 are well-suited to justment in orchard management
ening, has become common in heavy soils. Some of the dwarf- practices, both in terms of choice
many cherry-producing coun- ing rootstocks such as Gisela® of grafting combinations (variety
tries including Italy. Tree cover- 5 require very fertile and moist and rootstock interactions) and in
ings are also used to hasten fruit soil in order to sustain through terms of training systems, prun-
ripening, but in this case they are the years the high and early ing, irrigation and fertilisation.
applied in January-February and yield that they induce. Among In traditional low-density cherry
left in place through harvest. The hybrids with intermediate vigour orchards (500 trees/hectare) typi-
coverings may be used only with are Gisela® 6 and 7, Piku 1 and cal of un-irrigated hilled areas,
self-fertile cultivars as insects Ceravium® PHLA; these adapt Colt, MaxMa Delbard® 14 and
have trouble pollinating in green- well to various soil types as long CAB6P are without a doubt the
houses. as they are irrigated. rootstocks best able to cope with
90 90
80 80
70 70
65
60
50 50
40
30
20
10
0
GISELA® 5 GISELA®6 PIKU 1 CAB6P SL64® Colt®
P-HL-C* PIKU 4 MAXMA DELBARD® 60
MAXMA DELBARD® 14 Broksec*
Brokforest
(seedling and Colt), medium vig- barely tipped young tree at a 45° series, Piku series, P-HL-C* and
our (MaxMa 14) or medium low angle along the row and training MaxMa Delbard® 14) or medi-
vigour (Gisela® 6, P-HL-C), with the side shoots up perpendicu- um-low vigour rootstocks are
the goal of reducing tree vigour larly, tied to the supporting struc- preferred, depending on orchard
thus promoting early bearing. ture. conditions. The branching struc-
The palmette is obtained by cut- The spindle, or slender spindle, ture of the tree is composed of
ting the central axis to stimulate is an intermediate training sys- a basal tier of 4-5 branches at
the growth of shoots that will tem between the 3-dimensional 70-90 cm height. These must
form the various tiers, or by us- systems and the vertical wall not interfere with mechanized
ing sylleptic shoots (“palmetta systems suitable for high-density operations such as harvest or
anticipata”). orchards and flat fertile areas; it thinning (the first scaffold must
The drapeau Marchand is requires poles, wires and ferti- be below the harvest platform
formed by planting the intact or gation lines. Dwarfing (Gisela® trailer). Above the basal scaffold
BIG STAR*
the central leader is left with well- One variant of the slender spindle to grow freely, removing only
spaced fruiting branches in order is the pillar, which is suitable for excess fruiting wood. Topping
to favour light penetration. These modern high-density orchards in weak trees at 30-40 cm from the
branches support the fruiting fertile soils with risk of late spring ground is recommended, leaving
wood: spurs, hangers, twigs. cold. As with the spindle system, only one of the resulting shoots
Quality of the nursery trees is the pillar requires trellis posts to become the central axis. To
of critical importance, with pref- and wires to support the trees keep the fruiting wood near the
erence for robust trunks with as well as the irrigation/fertiga- central axis, current year’s shoots
sylleptic side branches. In first tion system. Low-medium vigour should be pruned back by 1/3rd
year trees without sylleptic side rootstocks are appropriate for of their length which permits the
growth, the tree is topped at 60- the pillar system, which reduce remaining buds to mature. At the
80cm above the ground, or the plant size, allowing better light end of the winter, dormant prun-
bark is notched above selected penetration in the lower canopy ing is used to further shorten the
buds to promote their growth. In (Gisela® 5 and 6, P-HL-C* and branches, leaving only 4-6 buds.
the orchard’s first years, summer MaxMa Delbard® 14), and en- Of these, the basal buds will pro-
pruning is used to encourage the courage precocious bearing. The duce large and well-coloured
growth of the central axis’ tip and pillar structure is based on a cen- fruit while the buds towards the
the lower tier of scaffold branch- tral axis which supports the fruit- end of the branch will produce
es, removing branches that are ing wood (spurs or hangers) di- vegetative renewal growth. This
too upright and vigorous, and rectly on it or on short branches, kind of pruning is very simple,
heading those which should and does not have a basal scaf- quick and doesn’t require skilled
develop fruiting wood. On the fold tier. Depending on the plant- labour, and it allows adequately-
scaffold branches, thinning cuts ing distance, un-branched or 1- sized fruit to be obtained from
are made to select lower-angled to 2-year-old branched trees or dwarfing rootstocks, which oth-
shoots and open the canopy. may be used. Trees are allowed erwise have a tendency to pro-
CELESTE® Sumpaca*
Ripening date: +12 Burlat
Origin: Summerland, Canada
FERROVIA
Proprietor: IPS, France Susceptibility to cracking: like Burlat Susceptibility to cracking: low
Tree: high vigour, upright and com- Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, Overall: very productive variety,
pact growth habit requires pollinizers (Lory Bloom®); with high potential for fruit size
Productivity and fruiting: medium- high yield. and low susceptibility to cracking,
early bearing, high and consistent Overall: variet y interesting for good flavour.
bearing, self-fertile. appearance and size of flavourful
Fruit: large (calibre 26-28 mm), fruit; planting with Lory Bloom® FERDOUCE* V3239
intense wine-red skin, red flesh of maximizes productive potential, Ripening date: +12 Burlat
medium firmness; good flavour, use of covering films advised to Origin: CEP Innovation, France
sweet (RSR> 13°Brix) and aromatic; protect fruit from cracking. Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France
short thick stem; medium-small pit. Tree: high vigour, open growth habit
Susceptibility to cracking: medium FERDIVA* V3115 Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile,
Overall: interesting for early bear- Ripening date: +30 Burlat requires pollinizers (Folfer* recom-
ing and consistent high yield ; Origin: CEP Innovation, France mended); high yield, early bearing.
attractive firm large flavourful Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France Fruit: large fruit size (calibre 28-30),
fruit. Compact growth habit for Tree: medium-high vigour, standard- red skin, firm pulp, crisp, balanced
easy orchard management from upright growth habit flavour; short stem.
the ground. Productivity and fruiting: self-ster- Susceptibility to cracking: medium
ile, requires late-blooming polliniz- Overall: very productive variety
EARLY LORY® 1789 NV* ers (Regina is recommended); very with potential for large fruit; good
Ripening date: -3 Burlat productive if well-pollinated, early flavour.
Origin: P. Argot, France bearing.
Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italy Fruit: large size (calibre 26-30 mm), FERMINA* V3122
Tree: medium vigour, early bearing heart-shaped, dark red skin, firm Ripening date: +18 Burlat
Fruit: larger fruit than Burlat, dark pulp, crisp, juicy, balanced flavour Origin: CEP Innovation, France.
red skin; flesh medium-firm, better (sweet and acidic); medium-long Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France.
than Burlat; good flavour. stem. Tree: medium-high vigour, standard-
FERTILLE* V3476
Ripening date: +15 Burlat
Origin: CEP Innovation, France.
Proprietor: CEP Innovation,
France.
Tree: high vigour, standard-open
growth habit.
Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-
ile, requires pollinizers (Burlat or
Fermina* recommended); high yield
open growth habit. flesh, crisp, balanced pleasant fla- if well-pollinated (bloom is abun-
Productivity and fruiting: self-ster- vour. dant).
ile, requires pollinizers (Fernier*, Susceptibility to cracking: low. Fruit: large size, red skin, firm pulp,
Fertille* and Satin® Sumele* are Overall: variety suited for many crisp, flavour balance tends towards
recommended), high yield. areas of cherry production; high acidity.
Fruit: large size (calibre 26-30 mm), yield, good fruit size, firm flesh, Susceptibility to cracking: medium-
heart-shaped, dark red skin, firm good flavour. high.
flesh, crisp, balanced flavour very Overall: very productive variety,
sweet and acidic; medium length FERROVIA with the potential for large fruit
stem which detached easily (suitable Ripening date: +23 Burlat size; good flavour.
for mechanical harvest). Origin: Italy
Susceptibility to cracking: low Tree: high vigour, upright growth FEU 5®
Overall: very productive variety, with habit, average entrance into produc- Ripening date: +8 Burlat
high potential calibre and low sus- tion. Origin: P. Argot, France.
ceptibility to cracking; good flavour. Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italy.
requires pollinizers (Regina, Kordia, Tree: medium-high vigour, compact
FERNIER* V2315 Giorgia) ; if well-pollinated yield is growth habit, early bearing.
Ripening date: +22 Burlat high. Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile,
Origin: CEP Innovation, France. Fruit: large size, bright red skin, firm requires pollinizers (Lory Bloom®);
Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France. flesh, good flavour, juicy. very high yield.
Tree: medium-high vigour, standard Susceptibility to cracking: medium. Fruit: large size, dark red skin and
growth habit. Overall: variety well-suited to all flesh, firm flesh, crisp, well-balanced
Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, cherry-producing zones of Italy, flavour (sweet and acidic).
requires pollinizers (Burlat recom- reaches high levels of production Susceptibility to cracking: medium.
mended); consistent high yield. when grafted on dwarfing root- Overall: ver y produc tive vari-
Fruit: medium-large, red skin, firm stock. ety, well-suited to many cherry-
growing areas; of interest for high Tree: medium-high vigour, semi- prized for their size, firmness and
density orchards on rootstocks open growth habit, early bearing. shelf-life; long stem allows faster
of medium vigour (MaxMa 14, Productivity and fruiting: self-ster- harvesting; interest for high density
Gisela® 6, P-HL-C*). ile, requires pollinizers (Burlat, Lory orchards when on dwarfing rootstock
Bloom®, Van*); high yield. (Gisela® 5 and 6, Piku 1 and 4).
FOLFER* V3387 Fruit: large size, bright to dark red
Ripening date: +10 Burlat skin, very firm pulp, fairly good fla- KORDIA
Origin: CEP Innovation, France. vour; long stem. Ripening date: +24 Burlat
Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France. Susceptibility to cracking: medium Origin: Czech Republic
Tree: medium-high vigour, standard- Overall: variety well-suited to vari- Tree: medium-high vigour, open
open growth habit, early bearing; ous zones, produces fruit that are growth habit, early bearing.
good capacity for branching.
Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-
ile, early bloom, requires pollinizers
(Primulat® Ferprime*, Early Lory®
1789 NV); very high yield.
KORDIA
Fruit: large size (calibre 26-30 mm),
bright red skin, firm red flesh, crisp,
sweet and juicy; medium stem.
Susceptibility to cracking: medium-
low.
Overall: variety of interest for its
extended window of opportunity
for harvest (+8 +12), appearance
and quality of fruit; harvest man-
agement facilitated by fruit’s abil-
ity to hold well on tree.
GIORGIA
Ripening date: +9 Burlat
Origin: ISF Verona.
SABRINA® SUMN314CH
LAPINS
Ripening date: +24 Burlat
Origin: Canada
Tree: medium-high vigour, upright
growth habit.
Productivity and fruiting: self-fertile,
bears also on twigs/hangers.
Fruit: medium-large size, bright red
skin, firm pink flesh, good flavour, juicy.
Susceptibility to cracking: low.
Overall: very productive variety
with good fruit size and quality;
best performance when grafted
on vigorous rootstocks as dwarf-
ing stocks tend to decrease fruit Productivity and fruiting: self-ster- Overall: vigorous productive vari-
size. ile, requires pollinizer (Feu5, Lory ety with high quality fruit.
Strong®, Big Lory®, Early Lory®);
LATE LORY® high yield. NEW MOON® Sumini*
Ripening date: +45 Burlat Fruit: large size, dark red skin and Ripening date: +16 Burlat
Origin: P. Argot, France flesh, firm, good flavour, low acidity. Origin: Summerland, Canada
Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi Susceptibility to cracking: low. Proprietor: IPS, France
Tree: medium-high vigour, compact Overall: variety for areas where Tree: high vigour, standard-upright
growth habit. fruit ripens early, consistent pro- growth habit
Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, ducer of sizeable fruit which are Productivity and fruiting: high and
pollinated by Sweetheart®; consist- resistant to cracking and brown consistent, self-fertile.
ent high yield. rot, good pollinizer. Fruit: large (calibre 26-28 mm), dark
Fruit: large size, intense bright red red skin, very firm flesh, medium
skin, flesh of medium firmness, very LORY STRONG® 1786 NV stem length; pleasant sweet flavour
good flavour. Lory Strong® 1786 NV (RSR 14°Brix).
Susceptibility to cracking: very low. Ripening date: +10 Burlat Susceptibility to cracking: low.
Overall: late variety, of interest Origin: P. Argot, France Overall: variet y of interest for
for fruit size, vivid red colour and Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi flavour, colour and resistance to
good shelf life. Tree: medium-high vigour, early cracking; consistent yield.
bearing.
LORY BLOOM® 1788 NV* Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, PRIMULAT® Ferprime*
Ripening date: +6 Burlat requires pollinizers (Lory Bloom®); Ripening date: -7 Burlat
Origin: P. Argot, France high yield. Origin: CEP Innovation, France.
Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italia Fruit: large size (11.5 g), dark red Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France.
Tree: medium vigour, upright growth skin, firm pulp, excellent flavour. Tree: high vigour, standard-upright
habit, early bearing. Susceptibility to cracking: medium. growth habit.
SABRINA® SUMN314CH
Ripening date: +7 Burlat
Origin: Summerland, Canada.
Proprietor: IPS, France.
Tree: vigorous, fairly upright growth,
early bearing.
Productivity and fruiting: excellent
yield, self-fertile.
Fruit: large, kidney-shaped, very firm;
sweet flesh, medium stem length.
Susceptibility to cracking: crack-
resistant.
Overall: variety characterised by
very large (28 mm) kidney-shaped
fruit, crack-resistant though firm,
early ripening.
SAMBA® Sumste*
Ripening date: +10 Burlat
Origin: Canada
Proprietor: IPS, France
Tree: medium-high vigour, early
bearing.
Productivity and fruiting: self-fertile,
high yield.
Fruit: large size, glossy dark red skin,
firm flesh, holds well on tree, good
Fruit: large size, bright red skin, firm Susceptibility to cracking: very low. flavour.
flesh, crisp, sweet flavour; stem of Overall: late variety, of interest Susceptibility to cracking: low
medium length. when grafted on weak rootstocks Overall: of interest for fruit size
Susceptibility to cracking: similar to that encourage early bearing and and firmness, low susceptibility to
Burlat.
Productivit y and fruiting : self-
sterile, requires pollinizers (Burlat,
Sweetheart® Sumtare*); consistent SATIN® Sumele*
high yield, early bearing.
Overall: ver y pr oduc tive v ari-
et y, fruit similar to Burlat but
ripen approximately one week
earlier.
REGINA
Ripening date: +30 Burlat
Origin: Germany
Tree: high vigour, open growth habit,
medium-late entrance into produc-
tion.
Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-
ile, pollinated well by Ferrovia and
Kordia; medium high yield.
Fruit: medium-large, bright red skin,
pulp of medium firmness, good fla-
vour.
Green shoot White shoot Flowering Fruit setting Fruit growth Turning point Picking
tips tips
soil application
FUNGICROPS 4 l/ha
Cleans the lymphatic vessels and increase the root absorbition
foliar application
ENERFOL 3 kg/ha
8-10-45 Increases the size and improves the colour
EVOL 5 l/ha per 3-6 times for the fruit enlargement. Improves the
preservation and shelf-life. It reduces the dehydration of the fruit
3 l/ha
IDROL-VEG Improves the absorption and the effectiveness of phytosanitary treatments (acid pH).
Improves color and the sugar content of the fruit
For further information please contact our Technical Department
L.E.A Srl Tel.+39 059 86.38.811 Fax +39 059 86.38.017 Email: info@leaagricoltura.it Web site: www.leaagricoltura.it
TO PETAL FALL
CIPRODINIL 37,5%
FLOWERING
30 g/hl
+ FLUDIOXINIL 25%
FROM
MONILIA LAXA
(Monilia laxa) BOSCALID 26,7%
SIGNUM 60-75 g/hl
+ PYRACLOSTROBIN 6,7%
LEAFROLLERS
(Argyrotaenia pulchellana, STEWARD INDOXACARB 30% 16,5 gr/hl
Archips podanus,
Archipis rosanus)
(BROAD-LEAVED
AND GRASSY DIQUAT 17% 4 - 5 l/ha
ANNUALS
AND PERENNIALS)
PRODUCTS OF THE SYNGENTA GROUP ARE IDENTIFIED WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE LOGOS.
THE FOLLOWING TABLES INCLUDE CROP PROTECTION PRODUCTS AUTHORIZED IN ITALY AT THE DATE THIS DOCUMENT WAS CREATED.
Supplier to
John Deere
since 1986
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STAR 100
CAPACITY OF THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT 43
+ 50 LITRES
DRIVING COMFORT:
PLATFORM ON “SILENT BLOCK” AND
“OVERVIEW” CAB WITH A/C
STAR 3050
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