ABSTRACT

This report is about Portable DC Power Supply. This project will be designed on
Proteus (software). In this project three different I.Cs will be used to give desire amount
output. This project will contain Diode Bridge, capacitor and resister. The output is 5
and 12 volts fixed also in last a potentiometer will use in this project to vary the voltage.
Variable output will range from ±0-24 V. Circuit has to be portable, easy to carry.

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................... ii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................. iv
LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS....................................... v
Chapter 1 ............................................................................................... 7
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 7
1.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Problem statement ........................................................................................ 7
1.4 Report Organization ..................................................................................... 8
Chapter 2 ............................................................................................. 10
PROJECT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION ............................. 10
Chapter 3 ............................................................................................. 12
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES............................................................ 12
3.1 Components ............................................................................................... 12
3.1.1 TRANSFORMER ....................................................................... 13
Transformer is a device which converts a given voltage in to smaller or greater
voltage. ........................................................................................ 13
There are two types of transformer: ........................................................... 13
Step up transformer .................................................................................... 13
The transformer in which number of turns in the primary coil is less than the
number of turns in the secondary coil is called a step up transformer.
It increases the output voltage compare to its input. ................... 13
Step down transformer ............................................................................... 13
The transformer in which number of turns in the primary coil is more than the
number of turns in the secondary coil is called a step down
transformer. In lowers the voltage which is taken in by the
transformer. ................................................................................. 13
Following is the transformer used in the circuit. ....................................... 13
 .................................................... 13
3.1.2 DIODES ...................................................................................... 14
4.1 Presentation of the findings ....................................................................... 17
Chapter 4 ............................................................................................. 18
CONCLUSION................................................................................... 18
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Schematic Diagram ....................................................................................... 10
Figure 2 3D View ......................................................................................................... 11
Figure 3 Transformer .................................................................................................. 13
Figure 4 Diode ............................................................................................................. 14
Figure 5 Bridge Rectifier ............................................................................................. 14
Figure 6 Capacitor ...................................................................................................... 15
Figure 7 Resister .......................................................................................................... 15
Figure 8 LED ............................................................................................................... 16
Figure 9 IC Regulator .................................................................................................. 16
 LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

USB Universal Serial Bus

I.C Integrated Circuit

PCB Printed Circuit Board

LED Light Emitted Diode

DC Direct Current

AC Alternate Current
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
This project report is about a brief description of the steps involved in
Constructing a power supply. In this project we got a lot of information about power supply.
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electrical energy to an electrical load. The
main function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another. For
example: AC Supply to DC Supply or vice versa.

1.1 Overview
To make the power supply we are using a stepdown transformer. This is connected to the circuit,
which is made on a PCB sheet. A full wave bridge rectifier is made by connecting four diodes.
Capacitors are connected along with a resistor and an IC’s 7805 and 7812 for a fixed voltage
supply. This IC’s are connected to a USB port to connect to a desired electrical device.

For a variable supply LM 317 and 337 are used. They are connected to a potentiometer with a
resistor attached together. Potentiometer is to vary the output voltage.

1.2 Problem statement

We face different problems in this project:

i. The project contains some difficulties like to design the circuit on Proteus Software.

ii. Some time when voltage is high then IC and potentiometer starting burn.

iii. We need 5 and 12 v voltages and variable voltage 0 to ±24v.

iv. We got most problems in variable supply of 0 to ±24v.

1.3 Applications of project

Followings are some of the main applications of our project.
 Typical applications for 5V DC power supplies:

 Industrial automation
 TTL circuit power
 Precision control circuits
 Research projects
 Phone charger

Typical applications for 12V DC power supplies:

 Computer Peripherals and Networking Applications

 Telecommunications and Fiber Optic Network
 Voice, Data and Analog Communications
 Universities and Educational Facilities
 Medical
 Military
 Motor control

Typical applications for variable DC power supplies

 Personal computers
 Machine tool industries
 Security systems
 Utility and Power Industries

1.4 Report Organization

Chapter 1 discussed about the overview and problem statements of the project.
Chapter 2 discussed about the components, solution, circuits, images and everything used in
project.

Chapter 3 discussed about the project design and the implementation.

Chapter 4 discussed about the conclusion of the dc power supply.

Chapter 2

PROJECT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

This is the very core of your project/thesis/work. By now the reader is aware of your goal, the
relevant work going on and the tools you are going to use. Now explain from beginning till very
end all the methods you used to accomplish results.

2.1 SOFTWARE

The software which we have used in the circuit making is the Proteus.

Figure 1 Schematic Diagram

Procedure:
 First of all, we draw the circuit diagram of our project and then simulate it to check whether
it’s working or not.
 Then prepare the PCB layout to get the print of the circuit.
 After that, we get a print out of this circuit diagram on butter paper. Then, the printed circuit
is pasted on PCB board.
 Circuit on PCB board is appeared by mixing it in chemical solution of Ferric Chloride and
then scrubbed it with sand paper to remove the remain on the path of the circuit.
 After that we place the given components on PCB board and soldered it.
 Apply input voltage and check that whether it is working properly or not.

Figure 2 3D View
Chapter 3

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

In this chapter we have to discuss about all the technical things used in projects. We will
also discuss about the components used in project. We will place the images of components and
circuit. In short will discuss everything about the project.

3.1 Components
There are different components are used in this project:
i. TRANSFORMER
ii. DIODES
iii. I.C (LM7805, LM7809)
iv. I.C (LM317, LM337)
v. RESISTORS
vi. CAPACITORS
vii. LED
viii. PCB SHEET
ix. PORTABLE BOX
x. POTENTIOMETER
3.1.1 TRANSFORMER

Transformer is a device which converts a given voltage in to smaller or greater

voltage.

There are two types of transformer:

Step up transformer

The transformer in which number of turns in the primary coil is less than the number
of turns in the secondary coil is called a step up transformer. It increases the output
voltage compare to its input.

Step down transformer

The transformer in which number of turns in the primary coil is more than the
number of turns in the secondary coil is called a step down transformer. In lowers
the voltage which is taken in by the transformer.

Following is the transformer used in the circuit.

Figure 3 Transformer
In this project we used the stepdown transformer to lower the voltage to get the range which is
needed, ranges from 0 to ±24. But the given voltage to our circuit is in AC form and we have to
change it in DC for our use. For this purpose, we use diodes.

3.1.2 DIODES

The diode allows the current to flow in one direction. We use four diodes to make a full wave
rectifier to convert AC to DC. Diode converts AC voltage into DC voltage. Hence the 24V AC
will be converted to 24V DC.

Figure 4 Diode

3.1.3 BRIDGE RECTIFIER

A bridge rectifier is combinations of the diodes that converts alternating current into the direct
current. It consists of four diodes which are arrange in a specific order. The purpose of installing
bridge rectifier in this power supply is to convert the AC current into DC.
It consists of four diodes are which are arrange in a specific order.

Figure 5 Bridge Rectifier

3.1.4 CAPACITORS

Capacitor is a device used to store the charge. It helps to block DC and allows the
AC to pass through it. Two capacitors are used in this project.

Figure 6 Capacitor

3.1.5 RESISTORS

Resistor is a device which resists the flow of current. We have used two resistors in this
project.

Figure 7 Resister

3.1.6 LED
 LED stands for light emitting diode. It is used to convert electrical energy to light energy.
We have used this in our circuit to check that whether circuit is working or not properly.

Figure 8 LED

3.1.7 I.C REGULATOR

IC regulator stands for Integrated Circuit Regulator. We have used IC’s of LM7805, 7812, 317
and 337 in our project to get the output of 5 and 12 volts fixed and also from 0 to ±24 DC volt
variable respectively.

Figure 9 IC Regulator
Some of the other tolls are also used in the project for the complementation. Like soldering gun,
cutter, bread board etc.

Chapter 4
Project Result and Evaluation
In this chapter, we will explain all the results we have achieved after completing all what explained
in previous chapters. We will try to explain all the calculation of the components that are used.

4.1 Presentation of the findings

4.1.1 Voltage
The input voltage is same as the household which is 220 volts. As we require only 24 volts
to vary so we used a stepdown transformer to lower the voltage which will give us up to 24 volts.
But we need the DC volt output. For DC output we use the bridge rectifier to convert AC to DC
as the process is already discussed earlier.
Chapter 4

CONCLUSION
At the end of this project we finally get the 5v and variable to fix the components on PCB sheet
with soldering the project described is valuable for the promising potentials it holds within, ranging
from the long run economic benefits to the important environmental advantages. This work will
mark one of the few attempts and contributions in the Arab world, in the field of renewable energy;
where such projects could be implemented extensively. With the increasing improvements in solar
cell technologies and power electronics, such projects would have more value added and should
receive more attention and support.
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