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Rodel C. Ebreo
Answers:
All dates about the ancient Indian literature are not only
uncertain, but are contested. European scholars from the 18th
century onwards estimated dates of various texts based on
methods that Indian scholars consider arbitrary. The earliest
works of Indian literature were orally transmitted. Sanskrit
literature begins with the oral literature of the Rig Veda a
collection of sacred hymns dating to the period 1500–1200 BCE.
The Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata appeared
towards the end of the first millennium BCE. Classical Sanskrit
literature developed rapidly during the first few centuries of the
first millennium BCE, as did the Tamil Sangam literature, and
the Pāli Canon. In the medieval period, literature in Kannada
and Telugu appeared in the 9th and 11th centuries respectively.
Later, literature in Marathi, Bengali, various dialects of Hindi,
Persian and Urdu began to appear as well. Early in the 20th
century, Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore became India's first
Nobel laureate. In contemporary Indian literature, there are two
major literary awards; these are the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
and the Jnanpith Award. Eight Jnanpith Awards each have been
awarded in Hindi and Kannada, followed by five in Bengali and
Malayalam, four in Oriya, three in Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu and
Urdu, two each in Assamese and Tamil, and one in Sanskrit.