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College of Business and Accountancy
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A Thesis entitled
“The Assessment of the Supervisors’ Leadership Style and its Effect on
Employees’ Performance in a Tire Manufacturing Company in Clark
Freeport Zone”
Presented to
The Faculty of College of Business and Accountancy
Angeles University Foundation
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In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree in
Human Resource Management
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"If you believe lack of authority prevents you from leading effectively, it is time to
According to Blumen (2014), the history of human leadership already existed in the
primitive nomadic groups in search for food, shelter and safety against other tribes and
natural dangers. The concept of “leaders” just like today manifests the understanding
of who acted first and guided the rest of the group. During historical times, there were
already leaders who acted for their followers. It was just simply a leader who
commands and followers who obeyed. There weren’t any classifications yet. A leader
was someone who protects his/her subordinates, assure their safety, and leads his/her
community to success. Just like today, in an organization set up, a leader ensures the
business’ productivity and guarantees that his/her management style will bring up the
business’ success.
Ahmed (2016) mentioned that during the time when society was just starting,
divinity and royalty were the source of power. Moreover, with power, comes the ability
to lead or to rule. A concrete example would be King Arthur and his sword Excalibur.
During those times, people ruled because they were born from a high-ranking family
or from the strongest armies. According to him, it was easy to see then, why, the notion
of a leader and follower are simply to command and to obey because of their fear.
Harvey et al. (2006) in his study revealed that as time passes by, families turned
into tribes that eventually led into nations where the form of leadership became more
and more complex it evolved as well. Division of labor, form of recording using clay
tablets, or even the code of Hammurabi are one of the proof that the past leaders
managed to adapt to the changing course of leadership. This shows that through time,
things will change and ways will change as well. Humans managed to develop their
skills on managing their community effectively and efficiently. The ancient leaders
demonstrated that one does not simple become a leader, a thorough process and careful
planning must be observed to become a skillful organizer that would bring forth
victory.
behaviors when directing, motivating, guiding, and managing groups of people. Murray
Johannsen once quoted that a leadership style is “A set of behaviors that one
consciously chooses to use that best fits the situation. When the situation changes, so
does the style.” This quotation was supported by Kendra Cherry’s study on Leadership
Styles and Frameworks You Should Know; she mentioned that Kurt Lewin was the one
that conceptualized the Three Major Leadership Styles in 1939, which are (1)
and does not acquire any inputs from their followers, (2) Democratic Leadership
(Participative), Democratic leaders allow inputs from the other members, provide
guidance and encourage their followers to participate in the decision-making, and (3)
members.
These leadership styles have different effects on the employees’ effectiveness and
including its followers, which are the most vital in one's company. Leaders shape
and brings out their potentials. Every employee makes an individual contribution to the
comprehensive and detailed standard operating procedures for all routinized tasks.
Today, Human Relations Movement was developed that prioritizes individuals and
their unique capabilities in the organization. A major belief included that the
responsibility for the actions of his/her employees. The Contingency Theory states that
managers make a decision; they must take into account all aspects of the current
situation and act on those aspects that are key to the situation at hand.
Hawthorne Effect was a theory by Elton Mayo and his colleagues from the Harvard
Business School where they studied workers at the Hawthorne plant of the Western
Electric Company in Chicago. The result of their study was worker’s attitudes,
perceptions, feelings, and beliefs played a big part in their productivity. He concluded
that people’s work performance is dependent on both social issues and job content. His
leadership style.
Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines. It was incorporated in December 20, 2000 for the
purpose of acquiring, importing, exporting and selling wholesale tires and rubber goods
The Yokohama Rubber Company based in Japan. The company chose Filipinos to be
in the combat zone of workmanship and Yokohama believes in their skills and as they
distinction.
Statement of the Problem
Leadership affects many aspects in the workplace that such approach should be
taken critically with the use of a certain style in leading people under their watch. Employee
performance which is professed as: performing definite duties and being proficient in
meeting deadlines and delivering team input. Both leadership and performance should be
consistent and aligned with each other to observe efficiency in performing challenges in
the workplace. The idea here is to assess the leadership style of supervisors and its effect
on employee performance.
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Length of service
d. Position
e. Department
a. Democratic
b. Autocratic
c. Laissez faire
employees’ performance?
Significance of the Study
The study was conducted to provide information that can be used for the following
purposes.
The study will enable the company to align their leadership style with employees’
performance that would boost their effectivity and efficiency resulting to company
productivity.
B. Supervisors
The study serves as a guide for the supervisors to know the appropriate leadership
C. Employees
The study will benefit the employees in terms of their performance due to the
D. Future Researchers
The study benefits all future researchers who are interested in expanding topics
related to leadership style and its effect to employees’ performance since there are
already inputs that they could use to expound and that would make their study more
The following keywords were defined conceptually and operationally in order to give the
(https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=division+of+labor&oq=division+of+labor&aqs=c
hrome..69i57j0j69i59j0l3.3152j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8)
2) Leadership Style - the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans,
and motivating people. As seen by the employees, it includes the total pattern of explicit
and implicit actions performed by their leader. (Newstrom and Davis, 1993)
3) Autocratic Leadership Style - when a leader dictates policies and procedures, decides
what goals are to be achieved, and directs and controls all activities without any
(http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/authoritarian-leadership.html)
shared leadership is a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more
of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the
(http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employee-performance.html)
Scope and Limitation
The general purpose of this study is to assess the Leadership styles performed by the
Supervisors in the perception of the employees they are handling and measuring the extent of their
defined duties, meeting of deadlines and achieving departmental goals. The study only focused on
assessing how Autocratic leadership, Democratic leadership and Laissez faire leadership styles of
Supervisors in Yokohama, a Tire Manufacturing Company in Clark Freeport Zone. Based on the
study the researchers are only limited to assessing the leadership styles of the Supervisory level
and not beyond other levels of management in the organization. Secondly, the study is conducted
on a single company operating in the Tire Manufacturing industry, to identify whether the findings
in this study could be applied to other industries, further research must be done. Another limitation
would be the employees' personalities and preferences on supervisor's leadership. Personality and
personal preferences would influence people's view on leadership styles and their associations with
their supervisors. Employee performance levels are influenced by the Leadership of their superiors,
but there are many more factors to be considered that could stimulate their performance in their
work.