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BGP NSF( Non-Stop Forwarding)

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BGP support for NSF requires that neighbor routers are NSF-aware or NSF-capable. NSF awareness
in BGP is also enabled by the graceful restart mechanism. A router that is NSF-aware functions like a
router that is NSF-capable with one exception: an NSF-aware router is incapable of performing an
SSO operation. However, a router that is NSF-aware is capable of maintaining a peering relationship
with a NSF-capable neighbor during a NSF SSO operation, as well as holding routes for this neighbor
during the SSO operation.

NSF is a feature that allows routers to keep on forwarding traffic (non stop forwarding) even in the
event of a restart.
This is done by separating the control and the data plane, having one process involved in building the
routing table and another process in forwarding the packets.
This feature takes advantage of CEF which updates the line cards with the information from FIB.
In order for NSF to work, routers must be NSF-capable or NSF-aware. A NSF-capable router is a
router that can perform restarts without disrupting packet forwarding, while a NSF-aware router
understands NSF-specific signaling from NSF-capable routers.
NSF requires these additional features because, while performing restart, a router will not be able to
send Hellos to its peers. This normally should result in the neighbor relationship being dropped, routes
being lost, packets being dropped.
Routers exchange NSF capabilities information with each other and when a NSF-capable router
performs restart, its NSF-aware peers will change the default behavior in order to prevent breaking
the neighbor relationship.
NSF-aware routers are also called NSF-helpers because they will help a router performing a NSF
restart to re-sync with the network as soon as possible.

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The BGP Nonstop Forwarding Awareness feature provides an NSF-aware router with the capability to
detect a neighbor that is undergoing an SSO operation, maintain the peering session with this
neighbor, retain known routes, and continue to forward packets for these routes. The deployment of
BGP NSF awareness can minimize the affects of route-processor (RP) failure conditions and improve
the overall network stability by reducing the amount of resources that are normally required for
reestablishing peering with a failed router.
 
To enable NSF for BGP, use:

R(config)# router bgp AS‐NUMBER

R(config‐router)# bgp graceful‐restart [ restart‐time SEC | stalepath‐time SEC ]

! Default restart‐time : 120 sec

! Default stalepath‐time: 360 sec

This command is enabled per address-family. You can enable it for all address families with:

R(config‐router)# bgp graceful‐restart all

To verify:

R# show ip bgp neighbors [ NEIGH‐IP ]

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NSF awareness for BGP is not enabled by default. The bgp graceful-restart command is used to
enable NSF awareness on a router that is running BGP. NSF-aware operations are also transparent
to the network operator and BGP peers that do not support NSF capabilities.
 

 
 
NSF awareness is enabled automatically in supported software images for Interior Gateway
Protocols, such as EIGRP, IS-IS, and OSPF. In BGP, NSF awareness is not enabled automatically and
must be started by issuing the bgp graceful-restart command in router configuration mode.
 

CCIE Labs EIGRP timers, BFD, BW pacing, IP FRR, NSF and graceful re...

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