What Is KINEMATICS

Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects),
and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the mass of each or the forces that
caused the motion.

A linear-motion is a free motion in one direction which can be described mathematically using
only one spatial dimension.

Angular motion of a body is a motion about a fixed point at an angle.

Analogy between linear-motion and Angular motion are:

linear-motion Angular motion

Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight
line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. The key point here is
that if there is no net force acting on an object (if all the external forces cancel each other out) then
the object will maintain a constant velocity.

The second law explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external
force. The law defines a force to be equal to change in momentum (mass times velocity) per change
in time.

The third law states that for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction.
In other words, if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B also exerts an equal force on
object A. Notice that the forces are exerted on different objects.

Kinetic energy is energy possessed by an object in motion. The earth revolving around the sun,
you walking down the street, and molecules moving in space all have kinetic energy. Kinetic
energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object and to the square of its velocity: K.E. =
1/2 m v2

Potential energy is energy an object has because of its position relative to some other object. When
you stand at the top of a stairwell you have more potential energy than when you are at the bottom,
because the earth can pull you down through the force of gravity, doing work in the process. When
you are holding two magnets apart they have more potential energy than when they are close
together. If you let them go, they will move toward each other, doing work in the process.

The conservation of energy is a fundamental concept of physics along with the conservation of
mass and the conservation of momentum. Within some problem domain, the amount of energy
remains constant and energy is neither created nor destroyed. Energy can be converted from one
form to another (potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy) but the total energy within
the domain remains fixed.

LAWS OF FRICTION

1. When an object is moving, the friction is proportional and perpendicular to the normal
force (N)
2. Friction is independent of the area of contact so long as there is an area of contact.
3. The coefficient of static friction is slightly greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction.
4. Within rather large limits, kinetic friction is independent of velocity.
 5. Friction depends upon the nature of the surfaces in contact.

Friction depends on the nature of the materials in contact and the smoothness of their surfaces.

Friction acts parallel to the surfaces that are in contact and in the direction opposite to the motion
of the object or to the net force tending to produce such motion.

A jackscrew, or screw jack, is a type of jack that is operated by turning a leadscrew. It is commonly used
to lift moderately heavy weights, such as vehicles. More commonly, it is used as an adjustable support
for heavy loads, such as the foundations of houses or large vehicles.

The wheel and axle are one of six simple machines identified by Renaissance scientists drawing
from Greek texts on technology.[1] The wheel and axle consists of a wheel attached to a smaller
axle so that these two parts rotate together in which a force is transferred from one to the other. A
hinge or bearing supports the axle, allowing rotation. It can amplify force; a small force applied to
the periphery of the large wheel can move a larger load attached to the axle.

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a
taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt. In the case of a pulley
supported by a frame or shell that does not transfer power to a shaft, but is used to guide the cable or
exert a force, the supporting shell is called a block, and the pulley may be called a sheave.