04 Chapter 5 - Shallow Foundations-Allowable Bearing Capacity and Settlement-M

Foundation Engineering
CVL 4319
Chapter 5
Shallow Foundations: Allowable

Bearing Capacity and Settlement
Dr. Sari Abusharar
University of Palestine
Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning
Civil Engineering Department
1st Semester 2015-2016 1
Outline of Presentation
Introduction
Elastic Settlement
Elastic Settlement of Foundations on Saturated Clay (µs= 0.5)
Settlement Based on the Theory of Elasticity
Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement
Settlement of Sandy Soil: Use of Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Foundation on Sand Based on Standard Penetration
Settlement
Resistance
Settlement in Granular Soil Based on Pressuremeter Test (PMT)
Consolidation Settlement
Primary Consolidation Settlement Relationships
Three-Dimensional Effect on Primary Consolidation Settlement
Settlement Due to Secondary Consolidation
Field Load Test
Presumptive Bearing Capacity
Tolerable Settlement of Buildings 2
Introduction
It was mentioned in Chapter 3 that, in many cases, the allowable
settlement of a shallow foundation may control the allowable
bearing capacity. The allowable settlement itself may be controlled
by local building codes. Thus, the allowable bearing capacity will be
the smaller of the following two conditions:
3
Introduction
The settlement of a foundation can be divided into two major
categories:
(a) elastic, or immediate, settlement.
(b) consolidation settlement.
Immediate, or elastic, settlement of a foundation takes place during
or immediately after the construction of the structure.
Consolidation settlement occurs over time.
The total settlement of a foundation is the sum of the elastic

settlement and the consolidation settlement.
4
Introduction
For the calculation of foundation settlement (both elastic and
consolidation), it is required that we estimate the vertical stress
increase in the soil mass due to the net load applied on the
foundation. Hence, this chapter is divided into the following three
parts:
1. Procedure for calculation of vertical stress increase

2. Elastic settlement calculation
3. Consolidation settlement calculation
5
Vertical Stress Increase in a Soil Mass
Caused by Foundation Load
This subject has been taken in soil mechanics (Chapter 10)
6
Elastic Settlement
7
Elastic Settlement of Foundations on Saturated Clay (µs=0.5)
Janbu et al. (1956) proposed an equation for evaluating the average
settlement of flexible foundations on saturated clay soils (Poisson’s ratio,
µs=0.5). For the notation used in Figure 5.14, this equation is
The modulus of elasticity (Es) for clays can, in general, be given as
8
Figure 5.14 Values of A1
and A2 for elastic
settlement calculation
9
Elastic Settlement of Foundations on Saturated Clay (µs=0.5)
The parameter β is primarily a function of the plasticity index and
overconsolidation ratio. Table 5.7 provides a general range for β based on
that proposed by Duncan and Buchignani (1976). In any case, proper
judgment should be used in selecting the magnitude of β.
10
The elastic settlement of a shallow foundation can be estimated by using the
theory of elasticity. Theoretically, if the foundation is perfectly flexible (see
Figure 5.16 and Bowles, 1987), the settlement may be expressed as
11
12
13
To calculate settlement at the center of the foundation, we use
To calculate settlement at a corner of the foundation, we use
14
The elastic settlement of a rigid foundation can be estimated as
15
16
17
18
19
20
Example 5.5
21
Example 5.5
22
Example 5.5
23
Example 5.5
24
In 1999, Mayne and Poulos presented an improved formula for calculating
the elastic settlement of foundations. The formula takes into account the
rigidity of the foundation, the depth of embedment of the foundation, the
increase in the modulus of elasticity of the soil with depth, and the location
of rigid layers at a limited depth. To use Mayne and Poulos’s equation, one
needs to determine the equivalent diameter Be of a rectangular foundation
25
Figure 5.17 shows a foundation with an equivalent diameter Be located at a
depth Df below the ground surface. Let the thickness of the foundation be t
and the modulus of elasticity of the foundation material be Ef. A rigid layer is
located at a depth H below the bottom of the foundation. The modulus of
elasticity of the compressible soil layer can be given as
26
With the preceding parameters defined, the elastic settlement below the
center of the foundation is
27
28
29
30
31
Example 5.6
32
Example 5.6
33
Example 5.6
34
The settlement of granular soils can also be evaluated by the use of a
semiempirical strain influence factor proposed by Schmertmann et al. (1978).
According to this method (Figure 5.21), the settlement is
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Example 5.7
42
Example 5.7
43
Example 5.7
44
Example 5.7
45
Settlement of Foundation on Sand Based on
Standard Penetration Resistance
(1) Meyerhof’s Method
Meyerhof (1956) proposed a correlation for the net bearing pressure for
foundations with the standard penetration resistance, N60. The net pressure
has been defined as
According to Meyerhof’s theory, for 25 mm (1 in.) of estimated maximum

settlement,
46
Since the time that Meyerhof proposed his original correlations, researchers
have observed that its results are rather conservative. Later, Meyerhof (1965)
suggested that the net allowable bearing pressure should be increased by
about 50%. Bowles (1977) proposed that the modified form of the bearing
equations be expressed as
47
The N60 referred to in the preceding equations is the standard penetration

resistance between the bottom of the foundation and 2B below the bottom.
48
Burland and Burbidge’s Method
Burland and Burbidge (1985) proposed a method of calculating the elastic
settlement of sandy soil using the field standard penetration number, (See
Chapter 2.) The method can be summarized as follows:
1. Variation of Standard Penetration Number with Depth
Obtain the field penetration numbers (N60) with depth at the location of the
foundation. The following adjustments of N60 may be necessary, depending
on the field conditions:
For gravel or sandy gravel,
For fine sand or silty sand below the groundwater table and
N60>15
49
2. Determination of Depth of Stress Influence (z’)
In determining the depth of stress influence, the following three cases may
arise:
50
3. Calculation of Elastic Settlement Se
The elastic settlement of the foundation, Se, can be calculated from
51
52
Example 5.8
53
Example 5.8
54
Example 5.8
55
Settlement in Granular Soil Based on Pressuremeter
Test (PMT)
Briaud (2007) proposed a method based on Pressuremeter tests (Section
2.22) from which the load-settlement diagrams of foundations can be
derived. The following is a step-by-step procedure for performing the
analysis.
56
Test (PMT)
58
Test (PMT)
59
Test (PMT)
60
Test (PMT)
61
Test (PMT)
62
Test (PMT)
63
Example 5.10
64
Example 5.10
65
Example 5.10
66
Example 5.10
67
Example 5.10
68

04 Chapter 5 - Shallow Foundations-Allowable Bearing Capacity and Settlement-M

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

04 Chapter 5 - Shallow Foundations-Allowable Bearing Capacity and Settlement-M

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Foundation Engineering

Shallow Foundations: Allowable

Consolidation settlement occurs over time.

The total settlement of a foundation is the sum of the elastic

1. Procedure for calculation of vertical stress increase

The modulus of elasticity (Es) for clays can, in general, be given as

To calculate settlement at a corner of the foundation, we use

The elastic settlement of a rigid foundation can be estimated as

According to Meyerhof’s theory, for 25 mm (1 in.) of estimated maximum

The N60 referred to in the preceding equations is the standard penetration

Você também pode gostar