Name: Dea Zambrona July 11, 2018

12 STEM 21

Introduction to the discipline Anthropology

The purpose of anthropology is to make the world safe for human differences according
to Ruth Benedict. Anthropology it is the study of people and their culture it is how
human societies and cultures have changed over time. The to study human culture
began at the 19th century. Marcel Mauss’s “The Gift” created the complex bond of
reciprocal obligation that help under pin human culture. Anthropologists began to focus
in ethnography which is the study of human behavior, social interaction and perception
occurring amongst individuals in various settings during the 20th century. American
anthropologists refused to theorize about developing anthropological laws and was
seen by some as a hindrance and detriment to the field where they are focusing on, the
precise methodology and strict scientific method.

 Anthropology- it is the study of people and their culture

 In 19th century they began to study human behavior
 In 20th century they began to focus in ethnography
 Marcel Mauss’s “the gift”
 Ethnography- it is the systematic study of people and cultures
 Franz Boas- American anthropologist and Bronislaw Malinowski- Britain
anthropologist
 E.E. Evans- Pitchard- anthropologist
 Political anthropologist
 Lila Abu- Lughod- American anthropologist
 Claude Lévi- Strauss- French anthropologist
Introduction to the discipline Sociology

Sociology teaches us that seemingly natural events or actions may really have social
causes. Sociology examines how humans interact with each other and how human
behavior is shaped by social structures like groups, communities, organizations and
social institutions politics, religion, education and etc. The basic foundation of sociology
is the belief that a person’s attitudes, actions, and opportunities are shaped by all of
these aspects of society. Max Weber and Durkheim recognized as a discrete subject only
between the world wars, developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s sociology of work
and organizational behavior. Sociology is related with other disciplines that also deal
with the study of society. The fields of economics, psychology, and anthropology have
influenced sociology and these fields share a great history and common research
interest.

 Sociology- is a study of human society

 Sociologist- who studies society and social behavior
 C. Wright Mills- American sociologist
 Auguste Comte- invented the tern sociology in 1798- 1857
 Émile Durkheim
 Talcott Parsons’s General Theory of Action
 Norms
 George Herbert Mead and Herbert Blumer
 Erving Goffman’s The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
 Howard S. Becker
 Michel Foucault
 Edward Said- professor of literature
Introduction to the discipline of political science

Man is a political animal according to Aristotle. Politics is the study of special kind of
power. Political is like a canon it is powerful but its power is only physical until a human
takes control.
It is man’s nature to live in the society and to have power in our surroundings according
to Aristotle. It is the study of a body politic, the association of people into political
community. According to Harold Lasswell, politics is “who gets what, when, and how”
and the political science is the study of “the shaping and sharing of power.

 Politics- is the study of special power

 Power was born in ancient Greece
 “Man is political animal” Aristotle
 liberalism- is political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality
 John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Jean- Jacques Rousseau
 Debate head to head
 Thomas Paine’s The Rights of Man
 Edmund Burke’s Reflections on The Revolution in France
 Francis Fukuyama’s The End of History and The Last Man
 Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and The Remaking of World Order
 Hans J. Morgenthau’s Politics Among Nations the Struggle For Power and Peace
 Kenneth N. Waltz’s Theory of International Politics