Fiber Optic Day Romania 2016 - Juraj Urminsky PDF

Challenges in
Mobile Fronthaul
measurement
Image Size
W195 x H530 px
Juraj Urminsky
ESDC
Anritsu EMEA
08/09/2015
Contents
1. Introduction
2. CPRI/OBSAI Background
3. Test cases
4. CPRI Wireline testing using MT1000
5. CPRI over OTN
6. Thresholds for CPRI
Slide Title
2 Copyright© ANRISTU
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to
Introduction Index
page
– Operators need to support explosive spread of smartphones and

tablets that requires increasing bandwidth of mobile
communications networks
Operators requirements
– Minimizing number of BBUs per antenna cuts operator costs (rent,
power, HW, etc.) Locating BBU 15 km or more from multiple RRH
requires reliable connection i.e. C-RAN
– Coaxial cable is being replaced by optical fiber and used protocol is
CPRI/OBSAI Microcell
(RRH)
Microcell Mobile /Picocell
/Picocell
Fronthaul
CPRI/OBSAI
RF
Over
Coaxial Glass
(BTS/NB)
cable (Fiber)
(BTS/NB)
3 Copyright© ANRITSU
Back
Core to
Core Router
Market Segmentation SAN
Index
page
Mobile Fronthaul 8G/10G FC

10GbE/40Gb
Microcell
/Picocell
ROADM
(RRH) ROADM
(Data Center)
40G / 100G
CPRI Metro
RF
Over 10G OTN
Glass
(BTS/NB) Access
(Fiber) Internet
Ethernet
OLT Switch TDM
Transport
OLT
GE/10GbE
(RNC/BSC) Femtocell GbE/10GbE
FTTx, xDSL
Mobile Backhaul ONU
Back
to
CPRI/OBSAI Background Index

page
• CPRI – Common Public Radio Interface

– Industrial cooperation created by Ericsson, Huawei, NEC, Nokia Siemens,
ALU
• OBSAI – Open Base Station Architecture Initiative
o Provide framework to facilitate Radio Equipment products

development for mobile telco systems
o Driving complete change in mobile communications systems
– Adoption of Centralized-Radio Access Networks (C-RAN).
• Using C-RAN, the mobile fronthaul is configured from centralized Base Band
Units (BBU) and multiple Remote Radio Head (RRH) units connected via
general-purpose interfaces
Remote
Radio Head Base Band
(RRH) - Units ( BBU)
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to
CPRI Index
page
– CPRI runs over C-RAN with two main layers:

• Layer 1: Physical transport
• Layer 2: Several areas
C-RAN main interest is L1 in-band protocol;
understanding this area allows
operator to troubleshoot alarms and errors
Control &
User Plane SYNC
Management Plane
Vendor Specific
L1 In-band
Protocol
Ethernet
Layer 2
IQ Data
Time Division Multiplexing HDLC
Layer 1
Electrical Optical
Transmission Transmission
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to
CPRI Index
page
• Bit Synchronous interface, Symetrical serial data link between REC

( Radio Equipment Controler) and RE ( Radio Equipment)
• TDM of Antenna IQ data samples
• Ethernet or HDLC stream for C&M
• CPRI bit rates are referred to as “option #”
• There are 8 options (CPRI Specification V6.0) supported by MT1000
• MT1000A up to Option 8, 10.1376 Gbps,.. Opti Bit Rate Line
on (Gbps) Code
1 0.6144 8B/10B
2 1.2288 8B/10B
3 2.4576 8B/10B
4 3.0720 8B/10B
5 4.9152 8B/10B
6 6.1440 8B/10B
In CPRI, BBU is called REC, and RRH is called RE (Fig. 1 from CPRI Specification V6.0)
7 9.8304 8B/10B
8 10.1376 64B/66
7
B
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OBSAI Index
page
• Four OBSAI bit rates are defined.

• MT1000A supports 6.144 Gbps, reflecting marketing requirement of
supporting exploring mobile network bandwidth.
.
Bit Rate (Gbps) Line Code

0.768 8B/10B
1.536 8B/10B
3.072 8B/10B
6.144 8B/10B
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to
CPRI/OBSAI - Test cases Index

page
Test case 1
• Test case 1
– Test line between REC(s) and RE(s)
• System testing
• Installation testing
– Line can be
• Optical
• Carried over radio link or microwave link
Remote
• CPRI over OTN Radio Head
• Instrument connected via optical interface to link (RRH) -
– Terminate both sides of transmission line

• BER test (Framed or unframed) OTN
– One side could be loopback
CPRI
• Delay measurement Base Band over
OTN
– With one side in loopback Units ( BBU)
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to

page
• Test case 2
– CPRI Specification V6.0 defines
Operation
• When both devices are in Operation state or in
Passive link state, link is in normal operation Interface and vendor
– Operators find that up to 80% of CPRI turn-

specific negotiation
up issues occur in lowest layers Passive link

No C&M
C/M plane
(L2+) setup
– Essential during installation to: C&M proposed
confirm RRH/RE can communicate Protocol setup

to ground even without BBU/REC
• Confirming RRH/RE can connect to L1
synchronization
Passive link state
• Confirming HDLC layer (Layer 2) network is connecting Standby
– Completing above minimizes chance
Extract from Figure 30 in CPRI Specification V6.0:
of issues during BBU/REC installation Start-up states and transitions
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to

page
• Test case 2
– Connect to actual equipment (REC or RE) to verify alive
• Signal level and frequency measurement
– Optical cable ends can be checked with Video Inspection
Probe (VIP)
• Monitor control word K30.7 – indicates error in 8B/10B line
code (CPRI option 1-7 only) – and 8B/10B code violations
• Check equipment behavior
– Check that equipment can reach Passive link state
– Confirm HDLC layer (Layer 2) network connecting
– Check equipment behaviour at alarms
Test case 2
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to

page
• Test case 3
– Monitoring actual line between REC (Radio Equipment Control) -
(master) and RE (Radio Equipment) - (slave)
• Using dual port in Pass-through mode or monitor
– Monitor interactive behaviour of equipment
• For maintenance or in-service troubleshooting
Test case 3
Splitter
Splitter
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to
MT1000A CPRI Wire Line Testing Index

page
• Supports CPRI interface rate option 1 (614.4 Mbit/s) to option 8

(10.1376 Gbit/s)
– Ensures testing of current and future CPRI interfaces
• Ability to exercise BBU or RRH up to
Passive link status (as per latest CPRI
standard)
• Support for Pass-through mode
– Complete solution for detailed
– I&M testing
Back
to

page
• Displayed signal level and bit rate gives first verification of received-
signal condition
• Using Video Inspection Probe (VIP) to check fiber endface confirms

quality practices and removes key cause of turn-up failure.
Back
to

page
• Checking for and inserting Layer-2 alarms and errors from BBU to
RRH
– Ensures engineer can complete advanced fault finding and evaluate issue
root cause
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to

page
• Test results:
– Summary screen with pattern error information and survey of result pages
– Alarms/Errors screen with details of detected CPRI alarms and errors
– Color coding highlights detected alarms and errors
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to

page
• Test results:
– CPRI Frames screen with counts of received and sent frames and code
words
– Delay screen showing measured Round Trip Delay
Back
to
CPRI over OTN Index

page
– Market requirements
• Several vendors working on CPRI over OTN solutions
• CPRI over OTN:
• Transport raw radio (CPRI) data from RE over optical fiber to
central location for baseband processing
• Single location serving multiple REs
• Consolidation has huge power and cost savings over
distributed approach without impacting network scalability
• OTN supports transport of several protocols over same fiber
• Same management system across network
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to

page
• Support for CPRI over OTN enables tests of latest CPRI

implementations
Input Requirements for CPRI
• Timing and Synchronization
– Max Frequency Error contribution : 0.002ppm
– Max. Bit Error Ratio: 10 -12
– Link delay accuracy: ± Tc /32
– Max. round trip delay ( excluding cable): 5 µs
Back
to
Network Master Family Index

page
• Transport
MT9090A Network Master GigE MT1000A Network Master Pro MT1100A Network Master Flex
Dedicated field test solution for All-in-one dual-port transport tester All-in-one, up to 4-port transport tester
installation and troubleshooting Ethernet supporting from 1.5 Mbps to supporting from 1.5 Mbps to
links in access network 10 Gbps including OTN, Ethernet, 100 Gbps including OTN, Ethernet,
CPRI/OBSAI, Fibre Channel, CPRI/OBSAI, Fibre Channel,
SDH/SONET and PDH/DSn SDH/SONET and PDH/DSn
• Optical
MT9090A Drop Cable Fault Locator MT9090A Optical Channel Analyzer MT9090A µOTDR
Compact fault locator for easy and Compact CWDM channel analyzer to Compact OTDR for fully automatic
accurate verification of drop cable verify power levels, drift and channel verification of optical networks, FTTH
installation presence of CWDM networks PON, metro and core
QUESTIONS?
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Challenges in

– Operators need to support explosive spread of smartphones and

Mobile Fronthaul 8G/10G FC

Mobile Backhaul ONU

CPRI/OBSAI Background Index

• CPRI – Common Public Radio Interface

o Provide framework to facilitate Radio Equipment products

– CPRI runs over C-RAN with two main layers:

Time Division Multiplexing HDLC

• Bit Synchronous interface, Symetrical serial data link between REC

• Four OBSAI bit rates are defined.

Bit Rate (Gbps) Line Code

CPRI/OBSAI - Test cases Index

– Terminate both sides of transmission line

CPRI/OBSAI - Test cases Index

– Operators find that up to 80% of CPRI turn-

up issues occur in lowest layers Passive link

confirm RRH/RE can communicate Protocol setup

CPRI/OBSAI - Test cases Index

CPRI/OBSAI - Test cases Index

MT1000A CPRI Wire Line Testing Index

• Supports CPRI interface rate option 1 (614.4 Mbit/s) to option 8

MT1000A CPRI Wire Line Testing Index

• Using Video Inspection Probe (VIP) to check fiber endface confirms

MT1000A CPRI Wire Line Testing Index

MT1000A CPRI Wire Line Testing Index

MT1000A CPRI Wire Line Testing Index

CPRI over OTN Index

MT1000A CPRI Wire Line Testing Index

• Support for CPRI over OTN enables tests of latest CPRI

• Timing and Synchronization

– Max Frequency Error contribution : 0.002ppm

– Max. Bit Error Ratio: 10 -12

– Link delay accuracy: ± Tc /32

– Max. round trip delay ( excluding cable): 5 µs

Network Master Family Index

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