Customer Manual PDF

Section A
HALLIBURTON Kuwait Cementing Manual Table of Contents
Kuwait Cementing
Manual
HALLIBURTON
Prepared for
Kuwait Oil Company
Notices
Sales of Halliburton products and services will be in accord solely with the terms and conditions continaed
in the contract between Halliburton and the customer that is applicable to the sale.
©Copyright 2005, Halliburton Company, All Rights Reserved.
®Trademark registered in the United States and other foreign countries.
2005 A-i
Section A
Kuwait Cementing Manual HALLIBURTON
Table of Contents
Contents (Currently in stock in Kuwait)

POZMIX® Cement Additive
POZMIX A
Special Cement
THIX-SET
Cement Accelerators
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Cal-Seal
ECONOLITE
Cement Retarders
HR-5
HR-12
SCR-100
HR-25
Diacel LWL
Fluid-Loss Additives
HALAD-344
Diacel LWL
HALAD®-413
HALAD-9
HALAD-600 LE+
Friction Reducers
HALAD-9
HALAD-413
Salt
CFR-3 (without defoamer)
Heavyweight Additives
HI-DENSE® No. 3
MICROMAX
Miscellaneous Additives
D-AIR 3
SSA-1 (Silica Flour)
SSA-2 (Coarse Silica)
A-ii 2005
Section A
HALLIBURTON Kuwait Cementing Manual Table of Contents
Latex Additives
LATEX 2000
Stabilizer 434B
Lost-Circulation Materials
Cal-Seal
Flo-Chek® A
SPHERELITE
THIX-SET
Lightweight Additives
Halliburton Gel (Bentonite)
ECONOLITE
SPHERELITE
Silicalite
Microblock
Salt Cement Additive

Gas Migration Materials

Cal-Seal
THIX-SET
LATEX 2000
Stabilizer 434B
Spacers
DUAL SPACER
DUAL SPACER Mixing Aid (DSMA)
DUAL SPACER Surfactant B
SEM-7
Tuned Spacer
Blending Additive
EZ-FLO
Expansive Additives
MicroBond M
MicroBond HT
2005 A-iii
Section A
Table of Contents
Kuwait Cementing Manual
HALLIBURTON
New Technologies��
Tuned light Systems (Have been used in Kuwait)��
Foam Cementing
Tuned Light Cementing
Halliburton's Software��
Well life
OptiCEM RT��
Cementing Equipment��
High Wiping Efficiency (HWE®) Cement Plugs
Super Seal II Floating Equipment
Foam Wiperball
Geothermal System (Have been used in Kuwait)��

Thermalock
Multilateral Sealant System

StrataLock
M-Seal
DrillAhead System��
FlexPlug
FlexPlug®W�
Deep Well System��

ChannelSeal
A-iv 2005
Back to Table of Contents
H A L L I B U R T O N
Pozmix®A
Cement Additive
Pozmix® A pozzolanic cement additive (fly BENEFITS
ash) is made from burned coal. It is a major
Pozmix® A additive can provide the following
component in Pozmix® cement.
benefits:
APPLICATIONS It helps reduce the permeability of set
cement and helps improve the cement’s
Pozmix® A additive helps lighten the slurry
perforating properties.
and enhance its pumping properties. This
additive can be used at bottomhole tempera- It helps cement resist attack from sulfate
tures (BHTs) between 80° and 550°F (27° to and acid, and it helps prevent corrosion
288°C). Typical Pozmix® slurries are a 50/50 from seawater.
blend of Pozmix® A additive and cement. Pozmix® A additive requires minimal
mixing water and can provide good
COMPATIBILITY expansion properties.
Pozmix® A additive is compatible with all This additive helps promote a good
classes of cement used to make Pozmix® cement bond.
cement slurries. It also reacts with lime to
produce a cement-like material. At high
BHTs, Pozmix® A additive should not be
used with retarded cement.
Pozmix A Additive—Product Specifications

Part No. 890.51036 Form Gray or black powder
(50-lb bag) Specific Gravity 2.300
Part No. 516.00286 Bulk Density 74 lb/ft3
(Bulk) (100003690 SAP)
Zonal Isolation Technology

Sales of Halliburton products and services will be in accord solely with the terms and conditions
contained in the contract between Halliburton and the customer that is applicable to the sale.
H02048 © 1999 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in USA
THIX-SET
Cement
THIX-SET cement is a thixotropic cement FEATURES
consisting of Class A, B, C, D, or H cement,
THIX-SET A additive, THIX-SET B additive, and Calcium chloride (CaCl2) can be used to
mixing water. THIX-SET cement builds static accelerate THIX-SET cement at temperatures
gel strength after remaining static for 5 between 60° and 120°F (16° and 49°C).
minutes. However, the gel can be broken Common retarders can be used to retard
after the slurry has been static for up to 25 THIX-SET cement at temperatures between
minutes. This operation can be repeated until 120° and 250°F (49° and 121°C).
the cement begins to hydrate.
BENEFITS
APPLICATIONS THIX-SET cement can provide the following
THIX-SET cement can be used for primary or benefits:
squeeze cementing jobs. Because it forms a • It helps provide adequate compressive
solid, gelatinous mass, it also helps prevent strength for primary cementing operations
lost circulation. THIX-SET cement can be used and helps control gas migration.
in wells with bottomhole circulating tem- • THIX-SET cement can help provide static gel
peratures (BHCTs) between 60° and 250°F strength while allowing cement hydration.
(16° to 121°C).
• All necessary additives can be dry-blended
with THIX-SET cement.
THIX-SET A Cement Additive—Product Specifications

Part No. 70.15347 Bulk Density 70.00 lb/ft3
Form Solid, white crystals pH 1.0 (1-mol solution)
Specific Gravity 2.310 Packaging 50-lb drum
THIX-SET B Cement Additive—Product Specifications

Form White to offwhite, solid crystals pH 6.5 to 8.5 (25% solution)
Specific Gravity 0.600 Packaging 50-lb bag

HALLIBURTON
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)

Additive
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) additive is the most COMPATIBILITIES
widely used and accepted accelerator for all
classes of cement. It is widely used in shal- When cold mixing-water is used, CaCl2
low, low-temperature formations to speed the additive should be added directly to the
setting of cement slurries. mixing water rather than to the dry cement.
FEATURES BENEFITS
CaCl2 additive decreases thickening time, CaCl2 additive can provide the following
increases early strength, and shortens time benefits:
spent waiting on cement. It also decreases • In low concentrations, it decreases
slurry viscosity at low concentrations and viscosity and thickening times.
increases slurry viscosity at high concentrations. • In high concentrations, it increases
CaCl2 additive is effective at temperatures viscosity and early strength.
between 40° and 120°F (4° and 49°C) in • CaCl2 additive is available in liquid, flake,
concentrations of 2 to 4% by weight of and powder form.
cement (bwoc), or equivalent liquid concen-
trations of 40 gal/100 sk (2%).
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Additive (Flake Form)—Product Specifications

Part No. 516.01024 Form Solid, white flakes
(50-lb bag) Specific Gravity 1.850
(100-lb bag) (100078105 SAP) pH 10
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Additive (Liquid Form)—Product Specifications

Part No. 890.50844 Form Clear, colorless
(5-gal can) (100005054 SAP) liquid
Part No. 516.00921 Specific Gravity 1.320
(Bulk) (100064159 SAP) Bulk Density 11 lb/gal
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Additive (Powder Form)—Product Specifications

(100-lb bag) (100078104 SAP)
Bulk Density 51 lb/ft3
Form Solid, white powder

HALLIBURTON

Accelerator
Sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as 500°F (10° to 260°C). NaCl has the following
salt, can be used in low concentrations to effects on slurry properties:
accelerate the setting of cement. In high concen- It decreases viscosity and thickening times
trations, NaCl retards the setting of most at low concentrations and increases final
cements, improves bonding of cement to strength.
shales, and minimizes damage in zones
It increases density and water loss.
sensitive to fresh water. A defoamer should be
added to dry blends or to mixing water to
BENEFITS
minimize foaming and air entrainment.
When used for oilwell cementing, NaCl
FEATURES provides the following benefits:
Sodium chloride is a crystalline solid additive increased final strength

used in oilwell cementing applications. NaCl accelerated setting
will not accelerate as effectively as calcium better cement bonding to shales
chloride (CaCl2); however, NaCl may be
reduced damage to water-sensitive
more readily available. NaCl salt is appli-
reservoirs
cable over a temperature range of 50° to
Sodium Chloride Accelerator (NaCl)—Product Specifications

Form White, solid, crystalline pH 5.2

Cal-Seal 60
Cement Accelerator
Cal-Seal 60 accelerator is blended with
BENEFITS
Portland cements. It helps shorten the
slurry’s setting time and can improve its Cal-Seal 60 accelerator can provide the
expansive properties. following benefits:
• Within 60 minutes, slurries containing
APPLICATIONS Cal-Seal 60 accelerator can withstand
pressures greater than 2,600 psi.
Cal-Seal 60 accelerator is used in shallow
wells and for surface applications that • Cal-Seal 60 accelerator has a shelf-life of
require short setting times and rapid strength up to 24 months.
development. It is effective at temperatures • The Environmental Protection Agency
between 40° and 170°F (4° and 66°C). Accel- does not classify Cal-Seal 60 accelerator as
erator concentrations vary between 5 and a hazardous waste.
90% by weight of cement (bwoc).
FEATURES
At low temperatures, mixing small amounts of
sodium chloride (NaCl) to Cal-Seal 60 accelera-
tor can help enhance cement acceleration.
Cal-Seal 60 Cement Accelerator—Product Specifications

Part No. 890.50131 Form Solid, white powder
(100-lb bag) (100005051 SAP) Specific Gravity 2.700
Part No. (bulk) 516.00335 Bulk Density 75 lb/ft3

HALLIBURTON
Econolite Additive
For Cement Slurries
Halliburton’s Econolite additive is used in Halliburton LIGHT cement is 1%; for a slurry
oilwell cementing to increase volume, of 11.1 lb/gal, add 2% Econolite additive; free
decrease density, provide a detergent action, water in the resulting slurry will be about 1%.
and reduce costs; the resulting slurries are
widely used as filler cement. The additive is BENEFITS
dry-blended, in finely ground powder form, Econolite additive helps provide the follow-
with API cement Classes A, C, H, and ing benefits:
Halliburton LIGHT cement at the rate of 1 to
• reduced slurry cost
3% by weight. Econolite additive cannot be
used with calcium chloride (accelerator). • extended slurry volume
• decreased slurry density
FEATURES
Econolite additive can be hydrated with fresh
Slurry Properties
water, seawater (up to 5% salt), or salt water
(up to 5% salt). High concentrations of salt Slurry
Econolite Water
Cement Density
can be detrimental to compressive strength; (%) (gal/sk)
(lb/gal)
therefore, slurries hydrated with large
Class A 3.0 11.8 12.49
amounts of salt water should be laboratory-
3.0 17.5 11.36
tested before use.
Class C 3.0 13.6 12.05
The addition of 2% Econolite additive can
3.0 17.6 11.35
produce an 11.4-lb/gal slurry with less than
Class H 3.0 11.8 12.49
2% free water in the API cement classes;
3.0 17.5 11.36
increasing the concentration to 3% Econolite
H-Lite 1.0 12.9 11.93
additive can reduce the free water content to
2.0 16.9 11.24
less than 1%. The optimum addition to
Econolite Additive—Product Specifications

Form White, solid, pH 12.7 for 1% sol.
crystalline Packaging 50-lb bag
Specific Gravity 1.75

HALLIBURTON
HR−5
Cement Additive
HR-5 additive is a chemically modified BENEFITS
lignosulfonate that retards the setting of
cement. It is designed for use in wells with HR-5 additive provides the following
circulating temperatures between 125° and benefits:
206°F (290°F static). • Increased concentrations of HR-5
additive enhance the predictability of
FEATURES cement thickening times.
HR-5 additive is compatible with the • HR-5 additive decreases the danger of
following: over-retarded slurries at the top of a long
cement column.
• fresh or saltwater slurries
• most cement additives • HR-5 additive provides early cement-
strength development.
• all API cements
• Operators can use HR-5 additive to help
• bentonite cement displace slurries at high rates while
• Pozmix A cement maintaining formation pressure.
HR-5 Additive—Product Specifications

3
SAP No. 100005050 Bulk Density 38 lb/ft
Form Black, solid powder Packaging 50-lb bag

HRÒ-12
Cement Retarder
HR-12 retarder is a mixture of HR-4 BENEFITS
retarder and an organic acid. It can be used to
retard all API classes of cement as well as HR-12 retarder can provide the following
Pozmix cement. benefits:
• It can allow cement retardation at high
APPLICATIONS temperatures.
HR-12 retarder is effective in wells with • Low retarder concentrations are adequate
bottomhole circulating temperatures (BHCTs) for most jobs.
between 220° and 340°F (104° and 171°C). It • HR-12 retarder is effective in conditions
can also withstand static temperatures up to that are too severe for other retarders, such
365°F (185°C). as HR-4, HR-5, and HR-7.
• HR-12 retarder is available in liquid or
COMPATIBILITIES powder form. Because the liquid form,
HR-12 retarder is a strong cement dispersant. HR-12L retarder, is a true aqueous
High concentrations of this product tend to solution, it will not cause settling
decrease the effectiveness of cellulose-based problems.
fluid-loss additives, such as Diacel LWL, • The Environmental Protection Agency
Halad-22A, and Halad-24. Slurries contain- does not list HR-12 retarder as a
ing HR-12 retarder and any of these agents hazardous waste.
usually require the addition of a suspension
aid, such as FWCA or Suspend HT.
HR-12 Retarder (Powder Form)—Product Specifications

Part No. 890.50914 Bulk Density 23.2 lb/ft3 (37.16 kg/m3)
Form Yellowish-brown powder Packaging 50-lb sk
HR-12L Retarder (Liquid Form)—Product Specifications

Part No. 516.00301 (5-gal) Bulk Density 10.10 lb/gal (1.21 kg/L)
Part No. 516.00507 (55-gal) pH 5.9
Form Dark-brown liquid Pour Point 32°F (0°C)
Specific Gravity 1.21 Packaging 5- or 55-gal drum

SCR-100
Cement Retarder
SCR-100 retarder is a nonlignosulfonate FEATURES
cement retarder that helps simplify the
design of thixotropic slurries. SCR-100 retarder is available in powder or
liquid form. Because the liquid form of this
APPLICATIONS retarder is a true aqueous solution, it does
not cause the settling problems associated
SCR-100 retarder is effective in freshwater
with nonaqueous suspensions. The response
slurries at bottomhole circulating tempera-
properties of liquid SCR-100 retarder are
tures (BHCTs) up to 250°F (121°C). In satu-
analogous to those of the powder version.
rated salt slurries, this retarder can be used at
BHCTs between 250° and 350° (121° and BENEFITS
177°C). When combined with certain re-
tarder-enhancing agents, SCR-100 retarder SCR-100 retarder can provide the following
can be used in freshwater cement systems at benefits:
BHCTs as high as 430°F (221°C). SCR-100 retarder interacts well with other
When used with Halad-9 additive, cement additives.
Halad-22 additive, Halad-24 additive, or • When cured for 24 hours at BHCT, this
Diacel LWL additive, SCR-100 retarder helps retarder helps provide excellent
the cement slurry become thixotropic. When compressive strength.
thixotropy is not required, SCR-100 retarder • SCR-100 retarder is effective in lightweight
can be used with any fluid-loss additive to cement slurries formulated with Silicalite
help bridge temperature gaps. additive.
SCR-100 Retarder—Product Specifications

Form Off-white, solid powder Packaging 50-lb bag

HRÒ-25
Cement Retarder
HR-25 is a high-temperature retarder/ less effect on cement compressive-strength
intensifier. As a stand-alone retarder, HR-25 development, especially at the top of a
retarder/intensifier can be used to gel long cement column.
cement. However, this product was primarily • HR-25 retarder/intensifier can be added
designed for intensifying common retarders, directly to the mixing water, or it can be
such as SCR-100 retarder. dry-blended.
• This product interacts well with other
APPLICATIONS cement additives.
HR-25 retarder/intensifier can be used at
• This retarder/intensifier helps extend
bottomhole circulating temperatures (BHCTs)
pumping times.
between 200° and 400+°F. Normal retarder/
• It allows improved displacement rates at
intensifier concentrations are 0.5 to 2.0%.
steady pressures.
BENEFITS • HR-25 retarder/intensifier allow
soperators to better predict thickening
HR-25 retarder/intensifier can provide the
times.
following benefits:
• The Environmental Protection Agency
• This product is highly soluble in water.
(EPA) does not classify HR-25 retarder/
Consequently, it exhibits more uniform
intensifier a as hazardous waste.
thickening times in the laboratory and has
HR-25 Retarder/Intensifier—Product Specifications

Form Solid, white powder pH 1.7 (5% solution)

Diacel LWL
Cement Retarder/Fluid-Loss Additive
Diacel LWL retarder is a molecular-weight COMPATIBILITIES
cellulose. It can be used for retardation and
fluid loss in all API classes of cement as well Diacel LWL retarder is incompatible with
as Pozmix cement. calcium chloride (CaCl2).
APPLICATIONS BENEFITS
Diacel LWL retarder can be used at Diacel LWL retarder can provide the follow-
bottomhole circulating temperatures (BHCTs) ing benefits:
between 110° and 300°F (43° and 149°C). It • extended pumping times
can also be used at bottomhole static tem- • early cement-strength development
peratures (BHSTs) between 260° and 320°F
• fluid-loss reduction across thief zones
(126.7° and 160°C). While Diacel LWL is
• more predictable thickening times
primarily used as a retarder, it can also
reduce fluid loss. During placement, this • improved slurry displacement rates at
retarder helps increase slurry viscosity. steady pressures
Consequently, filtration is lowered to rates
comparable to muds.
Diacel LWL Retarder—Product Specifications

Form Solid, ivory powder Packaging 50-lb bag

HALLIBURTON
Halad ® -344
Fluid-Loss Additive
Halad®-344 fluid-loss additive is especially
BENEFITS
useful in lightweight cementing composi-
tions that often have long thickening times. Halad ® -344 additive can provide the
The material is nonretarding, thus making following benefits associated with low
good compressive strength development fluid loss in squeeze-cementing and
possible at low temperatures. Halad®-344 primary cementing jobs.
additive performs as well in seawater as in Squeeze Cementing. In squeeze-cementing
fresh water, and is compatible with retarders, jobs, Halad®-344 additive offers the following
dispersants, and calcium chloride (CaCl2). advantages:
It helps reduce premature dehydration in
FEATURES tubing and casing while squeezing
Halad -344 additive has no temperature
® perforations.
limitations. Laboratory testing has shown Long perforated intervals can often be
that it is effective at 400°F or higher. Other successfully squeezed in a single stage.
features can include the following:
Satisfactory squeeze results can be
Excellent fluid-loss control is available obtained at low pressures without
with very low concentrations of overdisplacement.
Halad®-344 additive.
The additive helps protect water-sensitive
Halad®-344 additive is relatively salt- shale sections that may weaken and break
tolerant, which can make it effective with down because of cement filtrate.
up to 18% salt in a variety of cement
Halad®-344 additive helps reduce the
compositions.
amount of filtrate that can penetrate
formations containing bentonite clays.
Halad®-344 Additive—Product Specifications

Form white to off-white solid powder Packaging 50-lb sack

Primary Cementing. Halad®-344 additive bridging in annuli, which may be caused

helps provide the following benefits during by dehydration.
primary cementing jobs: It also helps reduce loss of water from
It can lessen the possibilities of water and/ slurry, thus maintaining lower viscosities
or emulsion blocks, and blocks caused by and circulating pressures.
bentonitic clay swelling resulting from Halad®-344 additive helps control gas
cement filtrate. leakage while cement is setting.
Halad -344 additive helps protect water-
®
sensitive shales, and can reduce premature
HaladÒ-413
Fluid-Loss Additive
Halad-413 additive is a synthetic polymer COMPATIBILITIES
that helps control filtrate loss in all cement
Because Halad-413 additive is a
conditions.
nonviscosifying product, it can allow slurries
APPLICATIONS containing strongly dispersed retarders to
become overdispersed. Conventional fluid-
Halad-413 additive exhibits minor retarda- loss additives that impart viscosity can
tion properties at low temperatures, yet it is sometimes be added to the slurry to help
effective at temperatures higher than 400°F prevent this problem.
(204°C). Halad-413 additive can help control
fluid losses in seawater slurries, salt-satu- BENEFITS
rated slurries, and slurries containing 5% KCl
Halad-413 additive is available as a powder
or 2% CaCl2.
or a 25% solution (Halad-413L additive).
FEATURES Both forms of this additive are classified as
nonhazardous by the Environmental Protec-
Depending on the slurry design, Halad-413 tion Agency (EPA). In addition, Halad-413
additive usually acts as a mild dispersant additive can provide the following benefits:
and cement retarder. Consequently, slurry
• It can help reduce horsepower
rheology is lowered, and free-water values
requirements by controlling fluid viscosities
are increased, helping eliminate the need for
and circulating pressures. This additive can
friction reducers.
also help maintain slurry density.
Halad-413 Additive—Product Specifications

Form Solid, brown/black powder pH 7.5
Halad-413L Additive—Product Specifications

Part No. 516.00575 (5-gal can) Pour Point 30°F (1°C)
Part No. 516.00576 (55-gal can) pH 6.3
Form Black liquid Bulk Density 9.26 lb/gal

• Halad-413 additive can help control gas • Halad-413 additive can help protect
migration. water-sensitive formations.
• This additive can help improve squeeze • It helps secure a better cement/casing bond.
cementing results.
HaladÒ-9
Fluid-Loss Additive
cement or as a liquid that can be added to the
Halad-9 additive is a blend of a cellulose mixing water. As a secondary feature,
derivative and a dispersant. It provides fluid- Halad-9 additive acts as a cement retarder.
loss control in all API classes of cement.
It also imparts thixotropy to slurries contain-
ing SCR-100 retarder.
APPLICATIONS
Halad-9 additive was developed for pri- BENEFITS
mary or squeeze operations. It can be used in
Halad-9 additive can provide the following
wells with bottomhole circulating tempera-
benefits:
tures (BHCTs) between 60° and 300°F (15.5°
• It helps keep horsepower requirements
and 149°C). In most cements, additive
low by controlling viscosity and
concentrations of 1% or less provide ad-
circulation pressures.
equate fluid-loss control. However, additive
concentrations can be varied for individual • Halad-9 helps control gas migration and
well requirements. can improve squeeze cementing results.
• It helps protect water-sensitive formations.
FEATURES • This additive can allow a better cement/
Halad-9 additive is available as a free- casing bond and helps maintain slurry
flowing powder that can be added to dry density.
Halad-9 Cement Additive—Product Specifications

Form Solid, tan powder pH 5.5

Halad®-600 E+
Fluid-Loss Additive
Halad®-600 E+ additive helps control fluid larger amounts of this additive will be re-
loss in environmentally sensitive areas. quired for adequate fluid-loss control. In most
cases, an extender should be used to stabilize
APPLICATIONS the slurry and minimize free water.
Halad®-600 E+ additive provides the same

fluid-loss control and rheology properties as
BENEFITS
Halad®-361A additive. Halad®-600 E+ additive can provide the
Halad®-600 E+ additive can be used at following benefits:
bottomhole temperatures (BHTs) between 125° It is compatible with seawater and
and 300°F (50° to 150°C). Typical additive saturated salt water.
concentrations are 0.5 to 1 gal/sk (4 to 10 L/kg). It will not degrade when contacted by air.
The Environmental Protection Agency
FEATURES (EPA) does not list Halad®-600 E+ additive
Halad®-600 E+ additive acts as a mild retarder as a hazardous waste.
and dispersant. At increased temperatures,
Halad-600 E+ Additive—Product Specifications

Part No. 516.01027 Bulk Density 8.75 lb/gal
Form Brown liquid pH 7 to 8
Specific Gravity 1.050 Packaging 55-gal drum

CFR-3™ Cement Friction Reducer

Dispersant
Features
H alliburton CFR-3 friction reducer helps reduce the
apparent viscosity and improve the rheological proper-
ties of a cement slurry. As a result, turbulent flow can be
CFR-3 friction reducers are available with or without defoamer.
When defoamer is used, the mixing concentration is 0.3 to 1.5%.
achieved at lower pumping rates, which results in reduced
Without defoamer, the mixing concentration is 0.3 to 1.0%. Both
friction pressure during pumping.
products can be applied in wells above 60°F (16°C), in all API
cement classes.
When a slurry’s apparent viscosity is reduced, the slurry can
be mixed at a higher density by reductions in the amount of Benefits
mix water added. Although the slurry is denser, it remains
easy to pump and will require less (possibly no) weighting CFR-3 friction reducers can provide the following benefits:
material. • Reduced hydraulic horsepower requirements
• Greater turbulence at lower pump rates
CFR-3 friction reducer also helps improve fluid-loss control
and can provide slight slurry retardation.
CFR-3 Cement Friction Reducer (with Defoamer)—Product Specifications

3
Part No. 100012206 Bulk Density 38.00 lb/ft
Form Red-brown solid Packaging 50-lb bag
CFR-3 Cement Friction Reducer (without Defoamer)—Product Specifications

3
Part No. 100003653 Bulk Density 38.00 lb/ft
Form Dark red-brown solid, powder pH 7 to 9
Cementing
Produced by Halliburton Communications. www.hal

www.hallib
.hal libur
lib urtto n.c
ur n.co
om
08/04 Sales of Halliburton products and services will be

©2004 Halliburton in accord solely with the terms and conditions
All Rights Reserved contained in the contract between Halliburton and
Printed in the U.S.A. the customer that is applicable to the sale.
HALLIBURTON
Hi-Dense®
Weight Additives
Halliburton’s Hi-Dense weight additives can for effects of various dispersing additives
be added to cement slurries to restrain high that might cause the weighting additive to
formation pressure, increase slurry density, and settle out. No more than 70% of Hi-Dense
improve mud displacement. The two available No. 3 additive will be smaller than 325-mesh
grades of Hi-Dense additives are classified (45 µm). The application range is up to 320°F.
according to mesh size. These hematite-ore Hi-Dense No. 4. Hi-Dense No. 4 has the
additives can be mixed to form 26-lb/gal same chemical and physical composition as No.
slurries with an effective specific gravity of 3.15. 3, but it has a smaller average particle size. In
Halliburton markets these products as cementing slurries, this material helps prevent
Hi-Dense No. 3 and Hi-Dense No. 4. thermal thinning at high temperatures. No
more than 90% of Hi-Dense No. 4 will be
FEATURES smaller than 325-mesh (45 µm).
Hi-Dense weight additives consist of a Fluidized Hi-Dense No. 4 requires 2.4 gal of
nonradioactive, nonmagnetic hematite material water per 100 lb, resulting in a slurry weight
that has a minimal effect on other additives in of 25 lb/gal with a specific gravity of 3.0.
the slurry. It has only a slight effect on thicken-
ing time and does not significantly reduce the BENEFITS
compressive strength of set cement.
Hi-Dense weighting additives have the
Hi-Dense No. 3. The amount of water following benefits:
needed to fluidize Hi-Dense No. 3 alone is
• They help control high formation pressures.
about 18%, or 2.2 gal/100 lb, resulting in a
slurry weight of 26 lb/gal, with an effective • They increase slurry densities and improve
specific gravity of 3.15. The foregoing mix- mud displacement.
water proportions must be varied to account • They reduce thermal-thinning effects.
Hi-Dense® No. 3 Weight Additive—Material Specifications

Form Fine, reddish-brown granules Packaging 100-lb bag
Hi-Dense® No. 4 Weight Additive—Material Specifications

Form Reddish-brown to reddish-gray powder Packaging 100-lb bag

MICROMAX
Weight Additive
MICROMAX weight additive consists of a MICROMAX weight additive may also require
hausmannite ore ground to an average the addition of dispersants.
particle size of 5 microns. This additive is
primarily used to increase slurry density. BENEFITS
In addition to increasing slurry density,
APPLICATIONS MICROMAX weight additive can help provide
MICROMAX weight additive can be used at the following benefits:
bottomhole circulating temperatures (BHCTs) • In deep, high-temperature, high-pressure
between 80° and 500°F (27° to 260°C). Addi- wells, MICROMAX weight additive can help
tive concentrations depend the required restrain formation pressures and improve
slurry weight for individual wells. mud displacement.
• Unlike most weighting materials,
FEATURES MICROMAX weight additive will remain in
Because of the unusual fineness of MICROMAX suspension when added directly to the
weight additive, higher concentrations of mixing water.
retarders may be required to achieve the
• The Environmental Protection Agency
same thickening times provided by other
(EPA) does not list MICROMAX weight
types of weight additives. Slurries containing
additive as a hazardous waste.
MICROMAX Weight Additive—Product Specifications

Part No. (50-lb bag) 516.00961 Specific Gravity 4.8 to 5.0
Part No. (1,500-lb bag) 516.00619 Bulk Density 84 lb/ft3
Form Reddish-brown powder

D-AIR 3000 and D-AIR 3000L

Defoamers
DESCRIPTION D-AIR 3000 and D-AIR 3000L defoamers
are recommended for replacing the
D-AIR 3000 and D-AIR 3000L defoamers help
following defoamers:
control foaming of cement slurries.
— NF-1
FEATURES — NF-3
D-AIR 3000 and D-AIR 3000L defoamers — NF-7

have the following features: — D-AIR 2
They offer significantly greater defoaming — D-AIR 1
characteristics than previously available
defoamers. APPLICATIONS
They can replace D-AIR 3 defoamer in D-AIR 3000 and D-AIR 3000L defoamers can
Latex 2000 cement. be used with a variety of slurries, including
They will not affect fluid loss, thickening slurries with high yield points, and those
time, or compressive strength. containing additives such as HR®-12 retarder
and sodium chloride (NaCl).
D-AIR 3000 Defoamer—Product Specifications

Form Powder Packaging 50-lb sack
Color Tan SAP No. 101007446
Specific Gravity 1.35 Part No. 516.01248
Bulk Density 25.2 lb/ft3
D-AIR 3000L Defoamer—Product Specifications

Form Liquid Pour Point 34°F
Color Tan Packaging 5-gal bucket
Specific Gravity 0.93 SAP No. 101007444
Bulk Density 7.75 lb/gal Part No. 516.01249
Boiling Point >200°F

Recommended concentrations of D-AIR 3000 BENEFITS

and D-AIR 3000L defoamers range from
D-AIR 3000 and D-AIR 3000L defoamers can
0.0025% to 0.45% (0.005 to 0.5 gal/sk) by
provide dependable foam control, even in
weight of cement (BWOC).
slurries with high yield points and slurries
More specific applications for D-AIR 3000
containing additives such as HR®-12 retarder
and D-AIR 3000L defoamers are outlined in
and sodium chloride (NaCl).
Bulletin CMA-99-012, posted on the
HalWorld website.
HALLIBURTON
SSA-1
Strength-Stabilizing Agent
SSA-1 agent (also called silica flour) is a FEATURES
powdered sand that helps oilwell cement
SSA-1 agent is mined and processed in the
maintain low permeability and high com-
following two forms:
pressive strength under high-temperature
conditions. in a minus 200-mesh powder for
maximum reactivity in cement
APPLICATIONS concentrations of normal weight
SSA-1 agent is recommended for use in in a selected particle-gradation design for

cementing wells where static temperatures densified cements where increased weights
exceed 230°F. Above this temperature, most and maximum reactivity are required
cement compositions exhibit satisfactory
compressive strength after the initial set BENEFITS
but will rapidly lose strength after contin- The greatest benefit of SSA-1 agent is its compat-
ued exposure to high temperatures. SSA-1 ibility with various cementing materials and
agent helps prevent this problem by chemi- additives. SSA-1 agent is compatible with all
cally reacting with the cement at high cements as well as all commonly used retarders,
temperatures. SSA-1 agent has been widely friction reducers, low water-loss additives, and
used in thermal recovery wells in combina- weighting and lost-circulation materials.
tion with refractory-type cements.
SSA-1 Agent —Product Specifications

Form White, solid powder Packaging 100-lb sack
Specfic Gravity 2.630

SSA-2
Coarse Silica Flour
SSA-2 coarse silica flour is Oklahoma No. 1 BENEFITS
dry sand.
SSA-2 course silica flour can provide the
APPLICATIONS following benefits:
It helps prevent strength retrogression and
SSA-2 silica is coarser grind than SSA-1 silica.
can decrease permeability in cement
It helps stabilize the strength and permeability
systems.
of cement at bottomhole temperatures (BHTs)
between 230° and 700°F (110° and 371°C). It is compatible with all types of cement.
Typical concentrations are 35 to 100% by SSA-2 coarse silica flour has no secondary
weight of cement (bwoc). effects on the cement slurry.
SSA-2 Coarse Silica Flour—Product Specifications

(100002158 SAP)
(100-lb sk) Bulk Density 100 lb/ft3
Form White to brown, solid
granules

HALLIBURTON
Latex 2000
Cement Additive
Latex 2000 is a liquid additive that imparts seal and superior zonal isolation. Microbond
excellent fluid-loss control, high-temperature expansive agents are often incorporated into
suspension properties, and acid resistance to slurries containing Latex 2000 additive to help
cement slurries. Latex 2000 additive is maximize bond strengths.
successful across a wide range of well condi- Latex 2000 additive helps provide strong
tions (80° to 380°F) and is used in both resistance to acid. Slurries containing Latex
primary casing cementing operations and 2000 additive can provide 10 times the
remedial squeeze work. corrosion resistance of standard cements.
Under hot downhole conditions, Latex 2000
FEATURES additive can provide excellent solids-suspen-
Latex 2000 additive is an opaque white liquid sion properties in high-density slurries. It can
packaged in a 54-gal drum. In general, Latex also exhibit excellent rheological properties
2000 additive can be used at bottomhole while helping to control slurry segregation.
circulating temperatures as high as 380°F.
In situations where gas migration is a con-
cern, Latex 2000 additive can provide fluid-
APPLICATIONS loss control. Some evidence also suggests that
Cement can be treated with Latex 2000 additive the latex increases slurry zero gel time.
to obtain slurries with excellent wetting
Normally, dispersants and D-Air 3 defoamer
properties, low viscosities, and increased
are used with Latex 2000 additive to keep the
resiliency. These properties help increase
latex suspended in the slurry and to help
bonding strength, resulting in a tighter annular
prevent entrained air.
Latex 2000—Product Specifications

Part No. 516.00595 Boiling Point 212°F (100°C)
Form Opaque white liquid Pour Point 30°F (-1.1°C)
Specific Gravity 1.000 Freeze Point 32°F (0°C)
Bulk Density 8.33 lb/gal Flash Point >190°F (87.8°C)
pH 8.7 Packaging 54-gal drum

BENEFITS • It helps provide exceptionally low fluid

loss, while exhibiting excellent rheological
Latex 2000 additive can provide the
properties.
following benefits:
• It helps control slurry segregation.
• It helps increase bonding to the
casing.
• While maximizing acid resistance,
it also aids in suspension.
Stabilizer 434B
Latex Stabilizer
Stabilizer 434B latex stabilizer helps prevent It was developed specifically for use with
gas migration in Latex 2000 cement, a low Latex 2000 cement.
fluid-loss cementing system. Latex 2000
cement is a water-internal, oil-external BENEFITS
emulsion; in the presence of water, the Stabilizer 434B latex stabilizer has the follow-
system tends to come out of emulsion, losing ing benefits:
its effectiveness against gas migration.
• It stabilizes Latex 2000 cement to help
Stabilizer 434B latex stabilizer helps prevent
prevent gas migration and control fluid
the de-emulsification of Latex 2000 cement.
loss.
FEATURES • It is applicable over a wide temperature

range.
Stabilizer 434B latex stabilizer is a translucent
liquid additive that can be applied at tem-
peratures from 80° to 320°F (27° to 160°C).
Stabilizer 434B Latex Stabilizer—Product Specifications

Part No. 516.00596 (5-gal can) Packaging 5-gal can
516.00597 (52-gal drum) 52-gal drum
Form translucent liquid Bulk Density 8.83 lb/gal
Specific Gravity 1.060 lb/gal pH 7.5 to 8.5

Spherelite
Cement Additive
When combined with the proper type of rated into the blend. Some of the hollow
cement, Spherelite cement additive can spheres are pressure-sensitive, and once the
provide slurry densities of 9.5 to 12 lb/gal. resistance of the individual spheres is ex-
The 24-hour compressive strength of these ceeded, liquid is forced through the pores of
slurries can range from 100 to 700 psi at the beads to fill the hollow interior space.
curing temperatures of 28° to 140°F (-2.2° to This action gradually increases the slurry
60°C). density as the total pressure on the slurry is
increased.
FEATURES
Spherelite cement additive consists of hollow,
BENEFITS
fused, pressure-resistant mineral spheres that In addition to improving early compressive-
are competent up to a total exposure pressure strength development, Spherelite cement
of 12,000 psi. Lightweight slurries prepared additive slurries have very good thermal
with Spherelite cement additive generally insulation properties and are ideally suited
have significantly higher 24-hour compres- for geothermal cementing applications. Set
sive strength development than equivalent- cements prepared with Spherelite cement
density slurries prepared with bentonite, additive also have improved heat insulation
gilsonite, or silicate extenders. properties; the Spherelite cement additive
At any given pressure, the slurry density of a functions as a lost-circulation aid. It also
cement blend can be regulated by the quan- increases slurry volume yields because of its
tity of Spherelite cement additive incorpo- bulk density (25 lb/ft3).
Spherelite Cement Additive—Product Specifications

Form light-gray, solid Packaging 50-lb bag
powder
Specific Gravity 0.700 lb/gal

HALLIBURTON
Bentonite (Halliburton Gel)

Viscosifier
Bentonite (Halliburton Gel) is a colloidal clay BENEFITS
mineral composed primarily of smectite. It
may also contain accessory minerals, such as Bentonite can provide the following benefits:
quartz, feldspar, and calcite. In fresh water, • It is easily obtained and can be an effective
bentonite swells to approximately 10 times its lost-circulation material when mixed with
original volume. other common oilfield materials.
• The overall cost for treatment can be less
APPLICATIONS than that of other lost-circulation methods.
Bentonite is used in most cement slurries for • This material can be effective in regular
decreasing slurry weight and increasing and cavernous lost-circulation zones and
slurry volume. In bentonite-cement diesel-oil where drilling with fibrous, granular, or
(BCDO) and bentonite diesel-oil (BDO) flake materials has been ineffective.
slurries, bentonite forms a thick, paste-like
material that helps prevent lost circulation.
COMPATIBILITY
Bentonite is compatible with slurries contain-
ing fibrous, granular, and flake-type lost-
circulation materials.
Bentonite (Halliburton Gel)—Product Specifications

(50-lb bag) (100003682 SAP)
Form Gray-white to green Bulk Density 60 lb/ft
3
solid powder

Flo-Chek ® A
Additive
Flo-Chek® A additive is a colorless liquid that near-wellbore area in temperature ranges
can be used for preparing the Flo-Chek from 40° to 550°F (4° to 288°C).
process.
COMPATIBILITIES
APPLICATIONS When used with the Flo-Chek process, Flo-
When used as a conditioning flush before Chek® A additive instantly reacts with fluids
cement on a primary cementing job, the Flo- containing multivalent cations, such as
Chek process helps control subsurface brine calcium or magnesium.
flow, seal lost-circulation zones, and improve
cement bonding and displacement. Flo- BENEFITS
Chek® A additive, when used as the primary When used in the Flo-Chek process, Flo-
component of the Flo-Chek process, instantly Chek® A additive can provide the following
forms a stiff gel when it mixes with reactive benefits:
brines. The gel seals off lost-circulation zones
It helps improve mud displacement and
by blocking flow channels and fractures and
cement bonding.
can also help prevent slurry migration
downhole away from the plug location. It helps control downhole fluid loss.
It helps prevent lost circulation and slurry
FEATURES migration downhole.
The Flo-Chek process is externally catalyzed.
Its matrix-penetration depth is limited to the
®
Flo-Chek A Additive—Product Specifications
Form clear, colorless to hazy Packaging cargo tank
liquid
Specific Gravity 1.400 pH 11.3
Boiling Point 213°F (100°C) Freeze Point 30°F (-1°C)
Pour Point 35°F (1°C)

Silicalite
Cement Additive
Silicalite cement additive is made from a FEATURES
finely divided, high surface-area silica.
Silicalite additive is available as a powder, a
APPLICATIONS liquid, a Pozmix cement blend, or a com-
pacted material. Compacted Silicalite additive
Silicalite additive can be used as an extender does not have the same performance proper-
for lightweight cements and a compressive- ties as the liquid or powder forms. Therefore,
strength enhancer for low-temperature, designs including compacted Silicalite addi-
lightweight cements. This product also imparts tive should be subjected to laboratory testing
thixotropy to some cement slurries. Silicalite before being used in the field.
additive can be used in wells with bottomhole
circulating temperatures (BHCTs) between 50°
and 500°F (10° and 260°C).
Silicalite Additive (Powder Form)—Product Specifications

Form Solid, black powder pH 6 to 8
Silicalite Additive (Liquid Form)—Product Specifications

Part No. 516.00514 Density 11.6 lb/gal
Form Black liquid pH 6 to 8
Silicalite Additive (50:50 Pozmix Cement Blend)—Product Specifications

Silicalite Additive (Compacted Form)—Product Specifications


Silicalite has a viscosifying effect in most BENEFITS

compositions. This additive is frequently
used with CFR-2 friction reducer or CFR-3 Because Silicalite additive imparts thixotropy
friction reducer. At static temperatures to the slurry, it can help control lost circula-
above 230°F (110°C), a strength-stabilizing tion and gas migration. In addition, this
agent, such as SSA-1 fine silica flour or SSA- product can provide a degree of fluid-loss
2 coarse silica flour should be incorporated control and can act as a low-temperature
into the slurry design. accelerator for saturated salt slurries.
Microblock
Cement Additive
Microblock is a liquid cement additive made FEATURES
from a finely divided, high surface-area silica.
Microblock cement additive can help prevent
APPLICATIONS high-temperature strength retrogression.
However, an additional retrogression addi-
Microblock cement additive can be used as
tive should be included in cementing designs
an extender for lightweight cements and a
for temperatures above 280°F (138°C).
compressive-strength enhancer for low-
temperature, lightweight cements. This BENEFITS
product also imparts thixotropy to some
cement slurries and acts as a low-tempera- Because Microblock cement additive imparts
ture accelerator for salt slurries. Microblock thixotropy to the slurry, it can help control
cement additive can be used in wells with lost circulation and gas migration. In addi-
bottomhole circulating temperatures (BHCTs) tion, this product can provide a degree of
between 60° and 400°F (16° and 204°C). fluid-loss control.
Microblock Cement Additive—Product Specifications

Form Gray liquid pH 6

Dual Spacer
System
Dual Spacer system’s primary application is pits or after batch-mixing operations featur-
as a low-viscosity, weighted spacer (flush) for ing bulk-blended Dual Spacer system.
primary and secondary cementing opera- Retarders. When Dual Spacer system is
tions. Dual Spacer system can also be de- pumped at elevated temperatures, a retarder
signed to displace water- and oil-based should be added to counteract the dilution
muds. effect occurring at the cement-spacer inter-
face. Otherwise, pump time will be signifi-
FEATURES cantly reduced.
Dual Spacer system can be formulated with Surfactants. When oil-based muds are
fresh water, seawater, 3% KCl, and salt displaced, surfactants reduce interfacial
concentrations as high as saturation in well viscosity and preferentially water-wet the
temperatures ranging from 60° to 500°F pipe surface, which promotes better cement
(16° to 260°C). Its rheological properties bonding.
typically allow it to be pumped in turbulence
Defoamers. Adding D-Air 3 defoamer helps
at reasonable displacement rates. These
combat the foaming tendencies of a surfac-
properties help improve mud displacement
tant-laden Dual Spacer system. When surfac-
while maintaining drilling fluid/cement
tants are not used, other defoamers, such as
slurry isolation.
NF-3 or D-Air 2, can also be applied.
APPLICATIONS BENEFITS
Dual Spacer system interacts with the follow-
Dual Spacer system has the following ben-
ing supplementary additives:
efits:
Dual Spacer Mixing Aid additive. Dual
• It helps improve mud displacement while
Spacer Mixing Aid additive helps improve
maintaining drilling fluid cement/slurry
surface suspension properties during low-
isolation.
shear mixing operations in offshore sludging
• It can be used over a wide temperature
range.
Dual Spacer System—Product Specifications

3
Part No. 516.00177 Bulk Density 31.10 lb/ft
Form tan, solid powder Packaging 51-lb bag
Specific Gravity 2.270 lb/gal

Dual Spacer Mixing Aid

Additive
Dual Spacer Mixing Aid additive is a light- water or 1.5 to 3 gal Dual Spacer Mixing Aid
brown liquid gel disposed in a low-toxicity additive per 10 bbl seawater.
oil. It minimizes solids setting, which fre- It increases pump rates required for Dual
quently occurs when Dual Spacer system is Spacer system to achieve turbulence. Its
mixed in a low-sheer environment, such as effect is less at higher temperatures. Dual
an offshore sludging pit. Dual Spacer Mixing Spacer Mixing Aid additive is also capable of
Aid additive helps improve the surface being crosslinked with a chrome source.
suspension properties of a Dual Spacer
system design. BENEFITS
FEATURES Dual Spacer Mixing Aid additive provides
the following benefits:
Dual Spacer Mixing Aid additive can be used
• It helps minimize solids setting.
in temperatures ranging from 60° to 500°F
(16° to 260°C) in concentrations of 1 gal Dual • It helps improve the surface suspension
Spacer Mixing Aid additive per 10 bbl fresh properties of Dual Spacer system.
Dual Spacer Mixing Aid Additive—Product Specifications

Part No. 516.01058 Packaging 2-gal can
Form light-brown liquid gel Boiling Point 406°F (208°C)
Specific Gravity 1.013 Flash Point 160°F (71°C)
Bulk Density 8.44 lb/gal Pour Point 0°F (-17°C)

HALLIBURTON
Dual Spacer B
Surfactant
Dual Spacer B surfactant is commonly used BENEFITS
in water-based spacers to water-wet casing
Dual Spacer B surfactant has the following
and help displace oil-based drilling fluids
benefits:
from the wellbore.
• It helps reduce interfacial viscosity.
FEATURES • It preferentially water-wets the pipe
Dual Spacer B surfactant is a clear liquid surface and helps promote better cement
packaged in a 5-gal can. It can be used at bonding.
temperatures up to 500°F (260°C) when used • It can be used as a single, water-wetting
in a properly designed blend of surfactants. surfactant even if interfacial viscosity is
It is normally used at a concentration of 0.2 not a problem.
to 2 gal/bbl.
Dual Spacer B Surfactant —Product Specifications

Part No. 516.00208 Boiling Point 290°F (143°C)
Form Clear liquid Freeze Point 49°F (9°C)
Specific Gravity 1.062 Flash Point 600°F (315.6°C)
Bulk Density 8.85 lb/gal Packaging 5-gal can
pH (1% solution) 5 to 7

HALLIBURTON
SEM-7
Emulsifer
SEM-7 emulsifier is designed to keep SEM-7 emulsifier also is used as a foamer in
sandstone formations and proppant in a foam fracturing applications that include
water-wet condition, thus improving the carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
ability of oil to flow.
BENEFITS
APPLICATIONS The greatest benefit of SEM-7 emulsifier is its
Cementing applications use SEM-7 emulsifier capability to leave formations and proppant
in chemical washes and spacers that come water-wet. In addition, SEM-7 emulsifier will
into contact with oil-based mud (OBM). emulsify in almost any type of water that can
Formulations for OBM containing 1 gal/bbl be gelled, including brines. SEM-7 emulsifier
of SEM-7 emulsifier, 0.5 gal/bbl of Musol® A, can be chemically broken or allowed to break
and 0.1 to 0.2 gal/bbl of Dual Spacer B by adsorption. SEM-7 emulsifier also pro-
Surfactant act as a degreaser and leave both vides stability at high temperatures.
the formation and the pipe in a water-wet
condition. Pen-5 can be used as a substitute
for SEM-7 emulsifier in cementing applica-
tions.
SEM-7 Emulsifier—Product Specifications

Form Clear, pale yellow liquid Pour Point -7°F (-21°C)
Specific Gravity 0.98 Flash Point (PMCC) 74°F (23°C)
pH 7.7 Packaging 55-gal drum
Stimulation Technology
Tuned Spacer™ Material

Optimized Rheology Spacer
Tuned Spacer™ Material is a cost- range. The rheology is constant from 80° to
effective, water-based spacer that can pro- over 200°F.
vide variable viscosity and optimized This spacer is thermally stable at wellbore
rheology. temperatures up to 350°F, and it retains 60%
of its original consistency after exposure to a
APPLICATIONS temperature of 350°F for 1 hour.
Tuned Spacer™ Material can be used to A customized Tuned Spacer™ Material
displace water- or oil-based drilling fluids. It Mixing Calculations Spreadsheet is available
can also help provide uncontaminated for determining the amount of spacer blend,
recovery of drilling fluids such as expensive, barite, and water needed to prepare the mix
synthetic-based drilling muds. at specific densities. The correct mixture will
This spacer system can be used at tempera- help ensure the viscous properties needed to
tures ranging from ambient temperature to a effectively displace drilling fluids.
bottomhole circulating temperature (BHCT)
of 325°F. COMPATIBILITIES
Tuned Spacer™ Material is compatible with
FEATURES most cement slurries, water-based drilling
The rheology profile of the Tuned Spacer™ fluids, and brines. If laboratory testing shows
Material is relatively flat across a broad shear
Tuned SpacerSystem—Product Specifications

Form Gray, solid powder Packaging 40-lb bag
Tuned Spacer Additive Dispersant Specifications

Form White, solid powder pH 7 to 9 (in water)
Specific Gravity 1.200 Packaging 20-lb box

incompatibilities with a water-based drilling BENEFITS

fluid, Tuned Spacer™ Material dispersant
should be used. This spacer can also be used The Tuned Spacer™ System offers the
with oil-based muds, but suitable surfactants following benefits:
will be required. • The concentration of the base spacer mix
This spacer is compatible with CleanBore™ A can be increased or decreased to adjust the
and CleanBore™ B surfactants when the viscosity to the demands of the drilling
surfactants are previously run with other muds.
spacer systems. A strong surfactant concen- • The formula can be customized to satisfy
tration (0.1 to 0.2 gal/bbl) can help ensure the requirements of any wellbore
that the pipe and formation are water-wet. geometry.
These surfactants, however, may not work • The volume of dispersant can be adjusted
well with newer synthetic-oil drilling fluids. to achieve the most effective rheological
Mixing the spacer with anything other than level.
fresh water can result in a spacer fluid with • The constant rheology can provide
different viscous properties. For example, operators with complete control over
high surfactant loading generally produces a mixing, pumping, and equivalent
more viscous spacer, whereas mutual sol- circulating densities.
vents tend to reduce viscosity.
• Because rheological properties develop
When the spacer is mixed in bulk cement early during mixing, viscosifiers that can
equipment, predissovling Fe-2 Agent (Part prevent settling are not recommended.
No. 70.15538) will offset cement contamina-
• The uniform flow velocity creates better
tion from the bulk plant.
displacement efficiency.
EZ-FLO
Blending Additive
EZ-FLO blending additive can improve lime cements such as HTLD, add the EZ-FLO
typical pneumatic equipment’s ability to additive to the cement and box it before
provide fluid-like flow for bulk materials. adding lime. Do not vacuum EZ-FLO addi-
Cement particles treated with EZ-FLO tive through the additive lines while vacu-
additive separate more easily. Consequently, uming other materials such as retarders, fluid
surging can be reduced, resulting in a loss additives, lime, VersaSet additive,
smoother cement flow and better density ECONOLITE additive, bentonite, etc. EZ-
control. FLO additive can preferentially react with
these materials before it treats the cement,
APPLICATIONS rendering the treatment ineffective. In
Positive and negative charges are distributed addition, improper mixing can prevent
across the surfaces of cement particles, additives from performing as designed.
resulting in forces of attraction and repulsion.
These forces are largely responsible for a
BENEFITS
cement blend’s ability or inability to flow EZ-FLO additive can provide the following
well in a pneumatic transfer system. When benefits:
EZ-FLO additive contacts cement particles, it • It can greatly improve the transfer of bulk
reacts with charged particle surfaces, causing materials.
repulsion to be the dominant force within the
• It can reduce surging.
blend. For certain cement blends that have
historically exhibited material losses between • It alters the pack-set index (PSI) of the
30 and 60%, EZ-FLO additive can reduce cement blend.
losses to less than 10%. • It can help improve flow by reducing the
effect of environmental factors such as
COMPATIBILITIES temperature and humidity, and transfer
conditions, such as system pressure and
EZ-FLO additive treatment concentrations
tank design.
are typically very low, so materials must be
measured carefully and blended thoroughly. • It can help offset the effect of tanks with a
Because of the chemical reactions that occur low angle of repose, such as horizontal or
between EZ-FLO additive and cement, using marine tanks.
EZ-FLO additive is a treatment process and
not simply additive blending. When blending

EZ-FLO Additive—Physical and Chemical Properties

Description Bulk-flow enhancer Absolute Volume 0.0741 gal/lb
Form Dry powder Flash Point 120°F
Color White Part No. 516.01217
Specific Gravity 1.62 SAP No. 101002314
Concentration Range 0.04 to 0.2% Price Reference No. 508-137
pH 2.6 to 3 (1% solution) Packaging 225-lb steel drum
Bulk Density 32 lb/ft3
MicroBond M
Cement Additive
MicroBond M is a chemical expansive BENEFITS
additive developed for use at temperatures
MicroBond M additive provides the follow-
from 130° to 210°F.
ing benefits:
APPLICATIONS • It helps provide more expansion than
MicroBond additive at temperatures from
MicroBond M additive can be used in
130° to 170°F.
freshwater slurries, or salt slurries up to
saturation. It can also be used in salt- • MicroBond M additive helps provide
saturated slurries at temperatures up to quicker expansion than MicroBond HT
300°F when MicroBond HT develops expan- additive at temperatures from 170° to
sion too slowly. 190°F.
• MicroBond M additive can provide
improved bonding and zonal isolation.
• It is nonhazardous in normal working
conditions.
MicroBond M Additive—Product Specifications

Form Tan to dark brown, Bulk Density 65.00 lb/ft3
solid grain Packaging 50-lb bag

MicroBond HT
Cement Additive
MicroBond HT is an expansive cement
BENEFITS
additive developed for use at temperatures
above 170°F. MicroBond HT provides the following
benefits:
APPLICATIONS • MicroBond HT additive is functional in all
API cement classifications.
MicroBond HT additive helps control
microchannels, which provide a pathway for • This additive should perform well in areas
interzonal communication. with suspected microchanneling problems
with minimal design and job-execution
FEATURES problems.
The expansion provided by MicroBond HT • It is nonhazardous in normal working

additive develops as a function of tempera- conditions.
ture, which accelerates expansion.
MicroBond HT Additive—Product Specifications

Tan to dark brown,
Form Packaging 50-lb bag
solid powder or grain
Specific Gravity 3.570 Flash Point None

TM
Tuned Cementing Solutions
Lightweight Systems
ust as we use a graphic equalizer to optimize

J music for our listening environment we can use
Tuned Cementing Solutions to tune cement slurries
to provide the optimal performance for a given
well environment.
It is simplistic to say one product will solve every

problem. Such a theory is even more dangerous
when dealing with oil and gas wells. There is
certainly no single slurry that is correct for every
well condition. Slurry choices are based on a
combination of conditions and special needs.
HAL14050
Important requirements such as logistics, cost,
value, potential hazards, and long term zonal Use Tuned Cementing Solutions to analyze all of the key drivers and tune in on the
best solution for each well.
isolation expectations should also be considered.
With Tuned Cementing Solutions (TCS) we recognize the To date, Halliburton has pumped over 700 Tuned Light jobs
inherent complexity of every well, and that a competent with design densities as low as 6.8 lb/gal. – so we are ready
cementing slurry design requires marshalling an array of to apply a Tuned Cementing Solution to your well today.
resources that include the latest slurry design software, an
accurate and efficient delivery system, and the Halliburton
tradition of attention to detail.
Halliburton is the only service company that enables you

to choose from all three primary categories of lightweight
cements, so your choices can be based on your
requirements, such as:
• Water-extended – Use water-extended slurries when

cost are your primary concern. These slurries can
provide the required levels of fill if conditions are not
too demanding.
• Hollow microspheres – Use Tuned Light™ (hollow

microspheres) slurries, when high strength or achieving
the lowest permeabilities are the main drivers or when a
premium cement is required and foam is not an option.
• Foam – Use the ZoneSeal™ Isolation Process (foam

HAL14051
cement) when gas migration, or shallow water flow

potentials are problems. Foam is also the best choice 6.7 lb/gal (50 lb/ft3 or 0.8 sg) and >1,200 psi in 48 hours
when long-term stress protection is a primary driver.
Cementing
Tuned LightTM Mixing System

A DHole Water Solids Tub
B C
1.0 Density Ratio Ratio Level 14
C A A B 40
0.9
0.8 12
35
0.7
0.6 30 10
(lb/gal)
0.5
0.4 25 8
0.3
0.2 20 6
0.1
15
0.0 4
08:45 08:50 08:55 09:00 09:05 09:10 09:15 09:20 09:25 09:30
HAL14052
8/27/2003 8/27/2003
Halliburton’s Tuned™ delivery system allows ultra-lightweight cement to be pumped at the correct cement to water ratio. Regardless of how the
downhole rate changes, the Tuned™ delivery system keeps the mixing water delivered at the correct rate. By supplying the solids at a rate corresponding
to this slaved water rate, the solids to water ratio is delivered as designed.
Global Champion – David.Kulakofsky@Halliburton.com

Fluids Division/Cementing Product Service Line
Produced by Halliburton Communications www.halliburton.com
H03695 12/03 Sales of Halliburton products and services will

© 2003 Halliburton be in accord solely with the terms and conditions
Printed in U.S.A. the customer that is applicable to the sale.
HALLIBURTON
Foam Cement Delivers Long-Term Zonal Isolation and

Decreases Remedial Costs
Foam cementing offers a truckload of benefits. But you The useful life of a foam cement sheath to provide
may never realize them unless you do the job right. zonal isolation is measured in hundreds of stress-
That’s what Halliburton’s ZoneSeal™ Isolation Process is relaxation cycles compared to conventional cement,
all about. Because Halliburton is the world’s largest which will crack in two to ten stress-relaxation
nitrogen fracturing company, the world’s largest cycles. Result: Lasting zonal isolation that means
cementing company, and the world’s premium supplier no sustained casing pressure; less produced water
of foam cement, we’ve been able to put all the pieces for treatment and disposal; fewer workovers; and
together to make sure that you capitalize on all the more efficient production.
advantages intrinsic to foam cement.
Advantages: Helps improve mud
Advantages: Ductility and Tensile displacement, prevent gas migra-
Strength tion and protect the formation
Ductility and tensile strength are the most crucial prop- • Foam cement under compression is a high-ener
erties for long-term zonal isolation. The foam cement gy, high-viscosity system that is more efficient
system exhibits improved ductility over conventional than conventional slurries in displacing mud.
cements. This ductility allows the Result: Cement-formation bonds that really hold
cement sheath to withstand up because all the mud has been removed.
higher hoop stresses from cas-
ing pressure and tempera- • The compressed gas bubbles in foam cement
ture cycling. This feature shrink or expand, but they don’t move around or
HNO2654
allows the cement sheath to coalesce. Instead, they maintain pressure while
"give" as the well’s casing the cement hydrates. Result: Virtually no gas
expands, helping prevent migration into the cement, ever – while cement is
long-term cement-sheath being placed or while it sets.
cracking.
Conventional • Foam cement has lower thermal conductivity.
The illustrations, left, show sec- Result: Retention of heat as fluid is injected into
tioned samples from cyclic stress the well – and fewer problems with paraffin,
tests. In each test, the cement asphaltene and gas hydrate precipitation when
was allowed to cure, after the crude is produced.
which the internal casing was
HNO2655
pressurized simulating actual • The bubbles actually "plate out" against the for
well conditions. The conven- mation and form a barrier. Result: Lower water
tional high strength neat loss to the formation, which helps prevent forma-
cement (top left) failed when the tion swelling, washouts and other damage.
pressure in the inner pipe reached
Foam 4,500 psi. When foam cement (bottom • The tensile strength and mechanical properties of
left) was tested in the same way, it maintained foam cement makes it ideal in many
integrity when cycled to more than 9,000 psi. hydraulic-fracturing operations.
Advantages of Foam Cement

Foam cement does not increase the risk for fracture This
initiation and propagation during hydraulic-fractur- microscopic
ing treatments. Result: Improved zonal isolation in photo, left.
productive sections. shows how
foam bubbles
• The density of foam cement can be varied using the prevent
same base slurry. Result: Hydrostatic pressure that fracture
HNO2656
can be tailored to protect fragile formations and help initiation
prevent high-pressure zones from coming in – all in stable
within the same job. foam.
The Advantages are Clear logs indicated communication on most of the zones.
The second well that was cemented experienced
Foam cement is simply the right way to complete a casing damage during the completion phase, caus-
well. It can be the best insurance of trouble-free opera- ing a lower zone to be abandoned.
tion and long productive life that you’ll ever have. But
unless it is applied the right way, its potential benefits At this point, the cementing program was thoroughly
may never be realized. Get the benefits you expect from evaluated. Foam cement was reviewed and
foam cement now, by taking advantage of the ZoneSeal determined to be the best alternative for achieving
Isolation Process from Halliburton. effective zonal isolation on this program.
Success Story The cement evaluation logs from the four foam
cemented wells showed zonal isolation between the
Data from six deep gas wells in Wyoming indicate that low- and higher-pressure zones. In general, the ini-
foam cement outperforms conventional cement for tial production rates from the four foam cemented
zonal isolation. Two of the six wells were cemented wells were 2.5 to 5 times higher than the two wells
across the production zones with conventional cements. cemented with conventional cements.
In the four other wells, the foam cement sheath provid-
ed zonal isolation even after the sheath was perforated These four wells hold the distinction of being the
and stimulation treatments were performed. deepest foam cemented liners in the region.
The first well was cemented with the hollow-sphere

and conventional cement systems. Radioactive tracer
For more information on the benefits this technology can bring to your operations, contact
your local Halliburton representative – your Solution ConnectionSM.
Visit our website at www.halliburton.com
HO2656 1/01 © 2001 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.
WellLife Service
SM
Advanced Technology for Long Term Zonal Isolation
43
11
L1
HA
Cementing
Executive Summary
alliburton’s WellLifeSM Service is the analysis, design

H and delivery of an engineered cementing system that
can withstand the stresses that occur from various opera-
tions throughout the life of the well. Conventional cement
job designs focus mainly on dynamic slurry properties and
occasionally on the compressive strength and permeability.
The WellLifeSM Service, in addition to designing for effective
cement slurry placement, utilizes advanced Finite Element
Method to analyze the casing, cement sheath, and surround- Rock
ing formation to help determine the optimum mechanical Casing Rock
properties that your sealant will need in order to go Cement Cement
Casing
HAL11144
the distance.
The Finite Element

Why do you need the WellLifeSM Service? Analysis grid shows
the effect of stresses
It is becoming more and more apparent that a substantial is placed and cured. If these in the major down-
percentage of wells that have maintained their annular changes are severe, the hole structures
pressure integrity after slurry placement are now showing cement sheath could be
sustained annular casing pressure due to damage to the damaged, leading to zonal
cement sheath. isolation failure.
In the Gulf of Mexico, the MMS (Minerals Management During the drilling phase,
System) reports that sustained casing pressure occurs in over the cement sheath should from perforating operations
11,000 strings in over 8,000 wells on the outer continental be able to withstand the and resist cracking under
shelf. One recent North Sea operator forum listed their continuous impact of the the extreme pressures
number one concern for wellbore integrity as the migration drill string, particularly in encountered during
of hydrocarbons up the outer annuli. directional wells. hydraulic fracturing
While ineffective cement placement, due to poor hole clean- During well completion, a operations.
ing of the drilling fluid and/or drill cuttings, contributes to heavyweight drilling fluid Production cycling in many
zonal isolation failure, there is a growing number of wells is often replaced by a HPHT wells has been the
showing sustained casing pressure due to damage to the light-weight completion culprit for cement sheath
cement sheath. Damage to the sheath could be in the form fluid creating a negative damage and eventual casing
of: debonding at the casing and/or formation interfaces; pressure differential that failure. Unconsolidated for-
cracking; and/or compressive shear. The damage could be can cause debonding at the mations are prone to subsi-
caused by stresses on the cement sheath brought on by casing-cement and/or dence and stress effects of
well events such as cement hydration, well completion, cement-formation interface. drawdown and depletion
and hydrocarbon production. These events change the The cement sheath should should be accounted for in
temperature and pressure under which the cement slurry be able to withstand stresses the sealant design.
Life of the Well Events
45
46
4
11
11
59
L1
L1
L1
A
A
A
H
H
H
Reservoir Drilling Completion
47
48
49
11
11
11
L1
L1
L1
A
A
H
H
Perforation Stimulation Production to Abandonment
Modes of Annular Sealant Failure
Casing Casing
Drilling Completion
Fluid Fluid
HAL11150
HAL11151
Above is a graphic depiction of a cement sheath that This scenario depicts debonding of the cement
has shattered due to extreme pressure effects sheath due to casing contraction caused by replacing
encountered during a fracturing operation. a heavy-weight drilling fluid with a light weight
Depending on the length and location of the crush completion fluid.
zone, interzonal communication could be a
distinct possibility.
Technical Details
HAL11153
HAL11152
A tri-axial cell is used to evaluate the stress-strain behavior of cement sheath.
A tri-axial cell is used to analysis to determine the

evaluate the stress-strain 3500 integrity of the cement
Volumetric
behavior of the cement 3000 sheath. Other input into the
sheath. The tests are 2500
WellLifeSM analysis are rock
Axial
Stress (psi)
conducted unconfined, and and casing material and

2000
also at different confining Radial thermal properties, forma-
1500
pressures. Hydrostatic and tion in-situ stresses and
1000
uni-axial strain well events.
500
(Oedometer) tests are also
0
The volumetric change
conducted. Cement sheath -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 occurring during cement
HAL11154
elastic parameters such as

hydration is an important
Young’s modulus (Ε), Stress Strain Comparisons parameter and determines
Poisson ratio (ν) and
the (initial) stress state of
Mohr-Coulomb yield
the cement sheath. The
parameters such as cohesion 3500 change in volume during
(Co) and friction angle (µ) 3000 hydration is input into the
are determined from the
2500 WellLifeSM analysis.
Stress (psi)
stress-strain data.
2000
Figures 1 to 4 (next page)
Additionallly, tensile 1500 E show stresses in the cement
strength, porosity and 1000 sheath when the pressure
permeability are also 500 inside the casing is increased
determined. The material
0 by 10,000 psi.
properties of the cement 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
HAL11162
sheath, along with its

thermal properties, are Stress Strain showing Young’s Modulus
input into the WellLifeSM
Figure 1 shows radial stresses in the casing, cement sheath,

*1E8 0 .6 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
and the rock. The sign convention used is that negative val- 0
ues are compressive. This graph shows that the radial stress -.2
Rock
Radial Stress, Pa
becomes more compressive in the casing, cement sheath, -.4 -ve: compressive
-.6 Pi
and the rock when the pressure inside the casing is
-.8 Pf > Pi
increased.
-1
Cement
-1.2
Casing Pf
-1.4
-1.6
Length
HAL11155
Rock Casing Cement
Figure 1 – Radial Stress when pressure inside the casing is
increased from Pi to Pf
Figure 2 shows tangential stresses in casing, cement sheath,

and the rock. This shows that the tangential stress becomes 3
Tangential Stress, Pa 2.5
less compressive when the pressure inside the casing is Pf
2
increased. The tangential stress in the casing has become 1.5 Pf > Pi
tensile. It should be noted that the tangential stress in casing 1
is less than what would have been obtained without the .5 Casing
0
cement and formation behind the casing. Hence, the burst -.5
resistance of the cemented pipe is greater than the -1 Rock
1.5 Pi Cement
un-cemented pipe. 0 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Length
HAL11156
Figure 2 – Tangential Stress when pressure inside the casing
is increased from Pi to Pf
Figure 3 shows tangential stress in the cement sheath.

As stated earlier, the tangential stress becomes less compres- -7
Tangential Stress, Pa
sive as the pressure inside the casing increases. For a certain Pf Pf > Pi
-7.2
combination of the cement sheath properties, down hole Cement
-7.4
conditions and well events, as the tangential stress gets less
-7.6
compressive, it could become tensile. If this value is greater
-7.8
than the tensile strength of the cement sheath then the
-8 Pi
cement sheath will crack and could lead to zonal
isolation failure. -8.2
0 .25 .5 .75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5
Length
HAL11157
Figure 3 – Tangential Stress in the cement sheath when the

pressure inside the casing is increased from Pi to Pf
Figure 4 gives a qualitative comparison of the tangential

stresses of different cement sheaths. This shows that, for +ve Pf Cement is
Tangential Stress
everything else remaining the same, as the cement sheath is less elastic
more elastic (or less stiff) the tangential stress remains more Pf
compressive than in the less elastic cement sheath. This is
why a less stiff cement sheath is less likely to be damaged Pf
Cement is
when subjected to changes in pressure and/or temperature. more elastic
-ve Pi
HAL11158
Length
Figure 4 -- Qualitative comparison of tangential stresses in

different cements when pressure inside the casing is
increased from Pi to Pf
Once the WellLife analysis

τ
has provided an optimum

Shear Stress,
set of mechanical properties

for a particular well and cas-
µ
ing string; tri-axial stress
testing is employed to devel- Co
op and confirm the specific
HAL11159
cement/sealant system. τ=Co+µσ UCS Normal Stress, σ
Mohr-Coulomb yield parameters from stress-strain data
Example of Results Well One Well Two

from WellLifeSM
Analysis – I Cement Cement Cement Cement Cement Cement
System System System System System System
Events One Two Three One Two Three
4% No No 4% No No
Hydration Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume
Decrease Change Change Decrease Change Change
Cement Sheath FAILED INTACT INTACT FAILED INTACT INTACT
Well Completion 3,775 psi 3,775 psi 3,775 psi 6,656 psi 6,656 psi 6,656 psi
Fluid Swap — Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease
Cement Sheath FAILED INTACT INTACT FAILED FAILED INTACT
Hydraulic 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

psi psi psi psi psi psi
Fracturing Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase
Cement Sheath FAILED INTACT INTACT FAILED FAILED INTACT
HAL11160
The figure above illustrates the condition of three cement systems during different well operations.
Example of Results from WellLifeSM Analysis – II
100
100% Intact 100% Intact
90
Remaining Cement Capacity (%)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Failed
0
Cement System 1 Cement System 2 Cement System 3
Cement Type
Events: Curing Temperature Increase (200˚C) Pressure Increase (80MPa)
HAL11161
Cement Capacity Remaining after an Event
In Summary WellLifeSM Analysis evaluates the risk of damage to the

cement sheath when subjected to various well events. The
The main deliverables of the Halliburton’s WellLifeSM Service
analysis, in combination with operator risk tolerance, can be
is the optimum cement system to reduce the risk of damage
used to select optimum cement systems to provide for safe
to the cement sheath and hence zonal isolation failure. This
and economic production of hydrocarbons.
should benefit the operator in the following ways:
Related papers; SPE 56536, SPE 74497, SPE 75700,
Minimize the safety and environmental risks associated
August 5, 2002 Oil & Gas Journal, page 43 – 47,
with drilling for and producing hydrocarbons. Minimizing
JPT August 2002 pages 60-61.
the risk of damage to cement sheath should reduce the risk
of sustained casing pressure and hazardous material dis- For more information contact:
charge to the surface. James.Griffith@Halliburton.com or
Kris.Ravi@Halliburton.com
Maximize the commercial viability of the reservoir.
Minimizing the risk of damage to cement sheath should
reduce remedial costs, non-productive time, early water
production and losses from individual zones.

OptiCem RT TM Cement Job Design and Simulation System

Now, See What’s Happening While You Can Still Do Something About It.
T his advanced software program

simulates the job while it is
actually going on, letting you adjust
OptiCem RT Succeeds Where Others Fail
the displacement rate as needed and

Recently, Halliburton Energy recalculate the required N2 rate.
telling you how fast you can safely
Services planned a foam job in OptiCem RT based its real time
pump. Because that information can
western Oklahoma. The job calculations on the planned N2
be transmitted to another location
design required constant density. schedule, the real time pump rate,
and monitored there, OptiCem RT
As a result the N2 rate would and the stage volume already
cuts down on the need to travel to
need to be ramped, therefore, a pumped when the automated
remote locations. One person can
good foam plan meant the system went down.
handle several jobs in different parts
inclusion of redundant systems.
of the world—all from one central The client was extremely pleased
control center. During the foam job, the primary with the results. OptiCem RT
system went down and allowed the entire job to be
OptiCem RT also lets you:
Halliburton’s OptiCem RT system pumped as planned under diffi-
• See where your fluids are was called upon to continuously cult conditions.
downhole
• See ECD in real time, enabling
you to pump as fast as safely
possible
• Compare what was planned
versus what is actually occurring,
allowing any necessary correc-
tions to become obvious in time to
respond
How It Works
At the well site during cementing,
OptiCem RT gathers data from the
slurry (as well as from nitrogen and
chemical units, for foam cement
jobs). It then formats this data for
analysis by the OptiCem RT module.
This module reruns the cement job
simulation using the actual well
data. The results give the on-site
specialist downhole information that
In addition to the above comparisons of planned vs. actual, OptiCem RT allows you to view
is invaluable when last minute graphically any desired combination of planned job parameters, predicted results, measured
decisions must be made. sensor data, and real-time calculations based on the actual sensor data. Summary data is also
available that tracks the minimum, maximum, and average values, per stage for both measured
and calculated parameters such as pressure, rate, density, ECD, and nitrogen.
Real Time Cementing

Immediately upon completion of the job, a Halliburton field In addition to your typical pressure, rate and density summary,
representative will be able to present you with a color summary of because you can see equivalent circulating density (ECD) in real
your complete job. time, OptiCem RT allows you to pump as fast as safely possible.
For more information on how OptiCem RT can improve

your next cement job by making it safer and more
effective, contact your local Halliburton
representative—your Solution ConnectionSM .
www.halliburton.com
H02637 10/00 © 2000 Halliburton All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.

Cementing
High Wiping Efficiency (HWE®) Cement Plugs

Another Halliburton Innovation, Offering Improved Efficiency, Drillability and Utility
alliburton has designed a whole new class of cementing Increased Drillability

H plug to meet the requirements of deeper, hotter and
more hostile reservoirs. The Halliburton HWE® plugs meet
• Reduced rubber and plastic content
this challenge with improved performance and the best • No metal components
value available today.
The new cup design provides more fin contact while Increased Utility
reducing overall rubber and plastic content. The result is a • HWE plugs feature common geometry among
plug that has both enhanced wiping efficiency and top and bottom plugs
improved drillability.
• High-temperature – high-pressure is standard
HWE plugs are also suitable for high-pressure/high-
temperature environments and both water- and oil-based • 750 psi rupture disk in bottom plug standard
drilling fluids. • Spans greater weight range per size.
The bottom plug is supplied with a rupture disk rated to These features – along with common geometry, state-of-the-
750 psi, and, after rupture, the flow area within the plug art tooling and consolidation of sizes – offer the best value
is unobstructed. in cementing plugs available today.
Improved Wiping Efficiency

• Deep cup design
• Greater wiper contact area
• Greater wear resistance
The new HWE plug set

is available in a wide
variety of sizes.
HAL15305
HWE® Cementing Top Plug Specifications

Casing ID Casing Weight Min./Max. IDa Top Plug
in. (mm) lb/ft (kg/m) in. (mm) Part No.
4 1/2 9.5 to 15.1 3.65/4.14 101241019
(114.3) (14.1 to 22.5) (92.7/105.2)
5 11.5 to 18.0 3.83/4.69 101213834
(127.0) (17.1 to 26.8) (97.3/119.1)
5 1/2 13.0 to 23.0 4.38/5.09 101237390
(139.7) (19.4 to 34.2) (111.3/129.3)
7 17.0 to 32.0 5.66/6.54 101229888
(177.8) (25.3 to 47.6) (143.8/161.5)
7 5/8 20.0 to 39.0 6.24/7.13 101236216
(193.7) (29.8 to 58.0) (158.5/181.1)
8 5/8 24.0 to 49.0 7.20/8.10 101227839
(219.1) (35.7 to 72.9) (182.9/205.7)
9 5/8 29.3 to 53.5 8.16/9.06 101214575
(244.5) (43.6 to 79.6) (207.3/230.1)
10 3/4 32.8 to 65.7 9.09/10.09 101235483
(273.1) (48.7 to 97.8) (230.9/256.3)
13 3/8 48.0 to 72.0 11.79/12.72 101235693
(339.7) (71.4 to 107.2) (299.5/323.0)
a
The IDs shown represent nominal casing IDs. Under certain conditions, plugs can be pumped through smaller IDs.
For information about these conditions, contact Tools Systems at the Duncan Technology Center (DTC).
HWE® Cementing Bottom Plug Specifications

Casing ID Casing Weight Min./Max. IDa Bottom Plug
in. (mm) lb/ft (kg/m) in. (mm) Part No.
4 1/2 9.5 to 15.1 3.65/4.14 101240191b
(114.3) (14.1 to 22.5) (92.7/105.2)
5 11.5 to 18.0 3.83/4.69 101213832b
(127.0) (17.1 to 26.8) (97.3/119.1)
5 1/2 13.0 to 23.0 4.38/5.09 101237389
(139.7) (19.4 to 34.2) (111.3/129.3)
7 17.0 to 32.0 5.66/6.54 101229886
(177.8) (25.3 to 47.6) (143.8/161.5)
7 5/8 20.0 to 39.0 6.24/7.13 101236215
(193.7) (29.8 to 58.0) (158.5/181.1)
8 5/8 24.0 to 49.0 7.20/8.10 101227837
(219.1) (35.7 to 72.9) (182.9/205.7)
9 5/8 29.3 to 53.5 8.16/9.06 101214570
(244.5) (43.6 to 79.6) (207.3/230.1)
10 3/4 32.8 to 65.7 9.09/10.09 101235482
(273.1) (48.7 to 97.8) (230.9/256.3)
13 3/8 48.0 to 72.0 11.79/12.72 101235691
(339.7) (71.4 to 107.2) (299.5/323.0)
a
The IDs shown represent nominal casing IDs. Under certain conditions, plugs can be pumped through smaller IDs.
For information about these conditions, contact Tools Systems at the Duncan Technology Center (DTC).
b
Flow through 4 1/2-in. and 5-in. bottom HWE plugs should not exceed 2 hours at 10 bbl/min or 4 hours at 6 bbl/min.
No pump time limit on rates below 5 bbl/min. Contact DTC for additional information.

HALLIBURTON
Super SealTM II Floating Equipment

Maximum Performance With Economic Value
The Challenge: The energy Super Seal II High-Port Super Seal II Double Valve
industry demanded maximum Upjet Float Shoe Float Collars and Shoes
performance from floating
equipment under any conditions— • Induces turbulence at shoe for • Non-rotating feature available
shallow wells, deep wells, extreme better filter cake removal • 7.12-in.2 (41⁄4-in. valve) allows
temperature and pressure ranges, • Eliminates the need to squeeze maximum cementing rates
sour gas—and abrasive flow most shoe joints • Available with 23⁄4-in. valve in
resistance. 1
• 7.12-in. (4 ⁄4-in. valve) flow area
2
5-in. and larger casing sizes
The Solution: Halliburton’s allows high turbulence • Available with 41⁄4-in. valve in
Super SealTM II line of floating cementing rates 7-in. and larger casing sizes
equipment. • Available in all casing sizes • Premium threads and different
Super Seal II equipment is designed • Allows 40% of fluid discharge casing grades available
to perform reliably under the out of bottom of shoe to wash
harshest downhole conditions. past ledges and other wellbore
In fact, the Super Seal II valve, restrictions
contained in all Super Seal II
floating equipment, is certified by Super Seal II Acid Service
Lloyd’s Register to meet API RP • Can be used in openhole Super Seal II High
10F Category IIIC specifications. completions requiring acid
Category III requires the device to flushes and in slotted liner
withstand a 24-hour flow of applications
10 bbl/min with a 2 to 4% • Available in 31⁄2-in. and
sand-laden 12.0 to 12.5 lb/gal larger sizes
mud. Category C requires the
device to withstand a 5,000-psi Super Seal II Load Carrying
backpressure or an 80% casing Float Collars and Shoes
burst pressure (whichever is • Carries scab liner downhole
smaller) after an 8-hour, 400°F
• 400,000 lb load capacity
heat soak. And, Super Seal II
provides economic benefits and • Allows reciprocation during
performance features that allow cementing
you to custom design the cementing
string to your specific requirements.
With these qualifications, why
even consider another brand of
floating equipment?
HN00471
Super Seal II Float Collar
Casing Equipment
Strength Float Collars casing using the conventional plug available with premium threads
displacement method. Other and can be adapted for acid service.
• Allows pressure testing of casing
advantages include: Our high-port float shoe is also
to 80% of yield strength
• Large diameter cementing available in a down-jet
• Non-rotating feature reduces
plugs are not required configuration.
drill-out time
• Allows use of multiple • By pumping through the smaller
bottom plugs inner string, you can reduce To find out more about these options
• PDC drillable—all components cement contamination resulting and Halliburton’s complete high-
manufactured from high from channeling inside casing performance line of Super Seal II
strength plastics • Cement is discharged outside the floating equipment, contact your
• Available in 95⁄8-, 103⁄4-, casing much faster after mixing, local Halliburton representative—
and 133⁄8-in. casing sizes reducing the risk of the cement your Solution ConnectionSM.
• Premium threads available slurry within the casing having a
• Exceeds API RP10F requirements highly accelerated setting time
• Reduces amount of cement that
Inner String Cementing With has to be drilled out of large
Super Seal II Equipment diameter casing
Halliburton’s Super Seal II floating • Less circulating time required
equipment can also be used for inner with inner string cementing
string cementing. This process allows Halliburton also offers a variety of
cementing large diameter strings additional service capabilities to fit
through drillpipe or tubing that any application. For example,
is inserted and sealed in floating Super Seal II equipment is available
equipment. This method is sometimes in a double valve configuration.
less costly than cementing large And all Super Seal II equipment is
HN00472
Super Seal II Float Shoe
C1443R 11/97 © 1997 Halliburton Energy Services Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in U S A
ThermaLock TM Cement
For Corrosive CO2 Environments
• Resists corrosion caused by CO2 • Doesn’t require special cementing equipment or
• Protects pipe and casing techniques
• Good for all temperatures • Greatly expands operators’ cementing options and
opportunities for new applications
• Non-Portland cement formulation
• High strength development and weight retention Proven in Indonesia and Japan
During the field testing of the new calcium phosphate
The Challenge: Eliminate Cement formulation, Unocal used ThermaLock cement on several
Carbonation geothermal wells in Indonesia. The largest of eight jobs
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a common element in downhole used about 600 bbl of slurry. The slurry’s density was 14.7
fluids, whether naturally occurring in ground waters or the lb/gal with a yield of 2.74 ft3 per sack (100 lb). Bottomhole
result of CO2 injection processes. When CO2 comes into circulating temperatures ranged from 110oF to 150oF.
contact with the Portland cement that is used to cement Bottomhole static temperatures ranged from 150oF to 300oF.
well casings, it produces a deterioration phenomenon in the Unocal claimed 100% success on all eight jobs.
cement called carbonation. Over time, the loss of cement At a site in Japan, the slurry density was lowered to 11.4 lb/
due to carbonation can cause serious damage to downhole gal through the addition of Spherelite. Bottomhole circulat-
tubulars and destroy zonal isolation integrity, resulting in ing temperature was 210oF. Because of ThermaLock’s
costly remedial services or even abandonment of a well. corrosion resistant properties and successful placement, the
operator—JGK—plans to use ThermaLock on its next steam
The Solution: Develop A CO2-Resistant producing well.
Formulation
ThermaLockTM cement is a specially formulated calcium
phosphate cement that is both CO2 and acid resistant.
Originally developed jointly by Halliburton, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, and Unocal for high temperature,
geothermal wells, ThermaLock is now being promoted as
an alternative for Portland cement wherever CO2 may be
encountered. It has been laboratory tested and proven at
temperatures as low as 140oF and as high as 700oF. Under
test conditions that cause Class G, H, and latex-containing
Portland cements to lose up to half their weight,
ThermaLock’s properties are only slightly affected or may
actually improve. (See chart on back)
Bottom-Line Benefits For Operators

• Greatly reduces concerns about the long-term affects of
CO2 and acid in operators’ wells
HN01725
• Saves high remedial operation costs

• Saves abandonment, redrilling, and recompletion costs A visual comparison of ThermaLock cement (right) and Portland cement
(left) shows how CO2 deteriorates Portland cement over time, while
leaving ThermaLock cement virtually unaffected.
Advanced Cementing Solutions

Weight Change vs Time in 140˚F Acidic CO2 Solution

0
-10
Weight Change (%)
-20
-30
-40
-50
0 20 40 60
Days of Exposure
ThermaLock Latex Class H
This chart shows the results of ThermaLock cement tested against neat Class H cement and Class H cement containing 2 gal of
latex additive.
To learn more about Halliburton’s new ThermaLock

cement, contact your local Halliburton
representative—your Solution ConnectionSM.
www.halliburton.com
H01458R 06/99 © 1999 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.
FlexPlug Service SM
Stop Lost Circulation, Hold Your Bottom Line

When lost circulation occurs, you need a fast, proven
response to keep your drilling program and your well costs
under control. Lost circulation can hinder and stall wellsite
operations, adding greatly to the overall cost of drilling and
completing a well.
Halliburton developed FlexPlug as a quick and cost-
effective solution for stopping lost circulation in natural or
induced fractures, vugs, channels in weak zones, or flowing
over-pressured zones (cross-flows and underground
blowouts). FlexPlug offers several advantages to solve lost
circulation problems and keep your drilling plan on track.
• Effective in a wide range of drilling and formation fluids
• Can be formulated for environmentally sensitive areas
• Can be pumped through BHAs (bit, motor, MWD/LWD
tools)
• Reduces or eliminates trip time as well as waiting time
• Controls crossflows and underground blowouts
• Increases formation integrity to allow heavier mud
weight
• Seals multiple weak zones in a single treatment
HN01367
• Material remains flexible to withstand surge and swab
pressures and maintain the seal in the lost circulation
FlexPlug provides a quick and cost-effective solution for stopping
zone lost circulation in natural or induced fractures, vugs, channels in
Three FlexPlug fluid systems are available to meet a wide weak zones, or flowing over-pressured zones (cross-flows and
range of downhole conditions. FlexPlug material selected underground blowouts).
for your particular application will depend upon the type
of drilling fluid, environmental concerns, type of lost
circulation problem, and the types of fluids that FlexPlug FlexPlugSM OBM Service A water-based system that reacts
will contact after it is placed. downhole when mixed with oil-based drilling fluids
FlexPlugSM W Service An oil-based system that rapidly (diesel-based invert muds, synthetic oil muds, ester-based
reacts downhole with water-based drilling/completion muds).
fluids or formation waters regardless of salinity or pH. FlexPlugSM R Service A water-based system that reacts
FlexPlug W can be formulated with diesel, kerosene, downhole when mixed with a water-based activator fluid.
mineral oils, synthetic oils and esters. For situations where FlexPlug R is recommended when a highly flexible sealing
additional strength of the reacted material is required, material is required or when dry gas crossflows are
cement can be added to the system. encountered.
Lost Circulation Solutions

FlexPlug SM OBM Saves Exploration Well Operator saves well in a prolific but
A south Texas operator was in the process of drilling a problematic reservoir with new FlexPlugSM
wildcat prospect to 19,200 ft. After setting a 7 5/8-in. drilling treatment
liner at approximately 14,300 ft, complete losses of 17.6 lb/
A targeted 14,400-ft well in south Texas had lost all circula-
gal oil-based mud occurred at 14,500 ft while drilling the
tion and was taking gas kicks, with the risk that the
6 1/2-inch hole. Experience on a previous well indicated that
operator might lose control of the well. The operator
unless wellbore integrity was restored to an 18.4 lb/gal
needed to seal the weak points in the open hole producing
equivalent mud weight, this exploration well could not be
intervals, regain circulation with 18 lb/gal oil-based mud,
completed as planned.
and increase the equivalent fracture gradient of the weak
Halliburton was contacted and asked to apply its zones to allow the production casing to be safely run and
FlexPlugSM service. Two 10-bbl pills of FlexPlug OBM were cemented. If he couldn’t accomplish these objectives, the
pumped, the first increasing wellbore integrity to 17.9 lb/ successful completion of the well was seriously threatened
gal, the second achieving the desired 18.4 lb/gal equiva- and even the continuation of the development of the field.
lent. Drilling was then resumed with no further problems.
Halliburton recommended performing its new FlexPlugSM
Thirty-five days and 4,900 ft later, the operator successfully
treatment. Four treatments were designed and run using a
ran the 5-in. liner, which was also successfully cemented by
dual injection squeeze method. Each application increased
Halliburton. The very narrow window between the mud
formation integrity up to a final 22.7 lb/gal equivalent
weight (18 lb/gal), pore pressure (17.8 lb/gal), and fracture
mud weight (EMW) squeeze pressure. Halliburton’s
gradient (18.4 lb/gal) proved to be an especially tough test
FlexPlug material successfully sealed the weak zones,
of the FlexPlug OBM’s ability to withstand high-tempera-
which enabled the well to be circulated without additional
ture conditions for the duration of the drilling operation.
mud loss. In the process of controlling mud losses, the
Additionally, Halliburton applied its OptiCemTM software to
high-pressure (non-commercial) gas zone was also
ensure a successful cementing of the 5-in. production liner.
squeezed off. This allowed the mud weight to be lowered
Halliburton’s FlexPlug service was successful in achieving to 17.5 lb/gal, thereby increasing the safety margin for
the operator’s objectives. Rather than trying to apply initiating new mud losses. The casing was safely run and
conventional LCM solutions and possibly losing days or cemented with complete returns. Good cement bonding
even weeks of rig time, the customer immediately turned allowed the hydraulic fracturing process to proceed as
the problem over to Halliburton. In addition to stopping planned.
mud losses, the well was able to be drilled to total depth
An unsuccessful well in this reservoir may have led to the
without further losses and was successfully cemented.
operator’s abandonment of the prospect. The final EVC for
Without FlexPlug service, the targeted, very prolific gas
the operator could be tens of millions of dollars. Due to the
reservoir could not have been reached and completed.
success of this process, the operator has included a Flex-
Plug contingency for future developments in this and other
fields with similar characteristics.
For more information on how FlexPlug Service can help fight

lost circulation and improve your bottom line, contact your
local Halliburton representative—your Solution ConnectionSM.
http//www.halliburton.com
H00767 04/98 © 1998 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.
Cementing
FlexPlug® W
Lost-Circulation Material
lexPlug® W service consists of applying a reactive, • This material is effective in essentially all aqueous drilling
F nonparticulate lost-circulation material. This material is
specifically designed for use with water-based drilling muds.
fluids and can be formulated for use in environmentally
sensitive areas.
It reacts with the drilling mud to help create a sealant that
• FlexPlug W material can be pumped through
can cure mud losses into the fracture.
bottomhole assemblies.
• After reacting with drilling mud, it can provide moldable

Applications
consistency in 5 seconds to 30 seconds, helping to elimi-
Treatment volumes for FlexPlug W material vary according nate trip time as well as waiting time.
to loss rates. Generally, the minimum required slurry
• FlexPlug W material can improve wellbore pressure con-
volume is 10 bbl with an average slurry volume of 50 bbls.
tainment over fracture gradient.
Features
FlexPlug® W Material – Product Specifications
Because of its reactive nature, FlexPlug W material requires
Part Number 516.0117
the use of a compatible spacer ahead of and behind the
Form Solid, pale-yellow powder
slurry. Ahead of the treatment, at least 1,500 ft of spacer is
recommended. Behind the treatment, a spacer volume of Bulk Density 53.40 lb/ft3
1,000 ft is usually sufficient. FlexPlug W material should not pH 9.9
be used to stop losses in vugular formations. Packaging 40-lb bag
Benefits
FlexPlug W service can provide the following benefits:
• The material in this service can help control lost

circulation while only minimally penetrating the
formation matrix. Consequently, this service can be less
damaging to potentially productive formations.
• FlexPlug W material can react with formation fluids to

help combat underground crossflows.

The Halliburton ChannelSealTM Process.

Preventing Expensive Casing Shoe Remediation in Deepwater Environments.
typical shoe squeeze caused by channeling or
A contaminated cement can easily take several days to

achieve an acceptable leak-off test while costs soar
into the millions. By utilizing the Halliburton ChannelSeal
Process prior to running casing, you enhance the ability of
the slurry to fill washouts and to completely surround the
casing prior to cementing. In addition, the ChannelSeal
slurry remains fluid with low gel strength for extended peri-
ods and reacts shortly after the cement is placed. That means
a ChannelSeal slurry can provide isolation in channels
created by poor displacement efficiency during the primary
cementing process.
HAL9314
Count on the ChannelSeal process to:
Water-based ChannelSeal process sample, sectioned four days after placement.
• Improve shoe integrity
• Minimize low side channeling in highly deviated wellbores Fluid and Formation Compatibility
• Help control cross flow The ChannelSeal slurry is built with the same fluid base
utilized in the openhole section. Water-based slurries can
• Temporarily plugging sidetracking spotted through the either use seawater or fresh water, depending on the mud
bottom hole assembly system. The synthetic-based system is mixed using the same
• Assist in directionally drilling a new wellbore base oil and emulsifiers as the mud system. That helps to
minimize hole stability problems caused primarily by
swelling or sloughing shales. The ChannelSeal process also
Designed Around Your Well’s Mud System
eliminates the need for spacers to separate the fluid interface
The ChannelSeal process is designed for use in wells with between the slurry and the mud.
temperatures ranging from 110° F to 300° F and is available
in both water- and synthetic-based slurries. ChannelSeal
Maximize Displacement Efficiency
slurries are formulated for:
To help ensure maximum displacement during primary
• Fluid compatibility
cementing, ChannelSeal slurries are designed to have low gel
• Formation compatibility strength development of less than 25 lbm/100 ft2 over three
• Maximum displacement efficiency days. Because the slurry remains fluid, it contributes to
wellbore hydrostatic pressure transmission and helps to
• Maintaining a stable wellbore during casing runs
maintain control while casing is run in the well. Typically, an
• Minimizing channels and contamination over the interval application incorporates a balanced column of 250 feet to
of interest 500 feet placed across an interval of interest.
Cementing
Minimize Channel and

Cement Contamination
Since the ChannelSeal slurry
is placed prior to running
casing, only ChannelSeal
slurry is located in the
annulus when the casing
reaches TD. Once casing is
landed, the well is cemented
utilizing Halliburton best
practices, and most of the
ChannelSeal slurry is dis-
placed up-hole. Any
remaining ChannelSeal
slurry remaining in the
channels sets and builds
sufficient compressive
strength to allow zonal
isolation.
ChannelSeal slurry is
designed to be compatible
with the cement and will
cause minimal compressive
strength reductions to pri-
mary cement. Cement will
activate the slurry through
HAL9313
release of heat and free lime
during the curing process. CBL of synthetic-based ChannelSeal slurry. Depth 11,150 feet, Deviation81°, Temperature 220° F.
Any residual ChannelSeal

slurry left in the mud sys-
tem will be absorbed by the ChannelSeal - Product Performance
mud and can be treated out Form Bulk or 50 lb sack Fluid Loss * < 10 cc
of the system, utilizing the Density Range 11.7 ppg – 17 ppg Rheology (10s/10m) 9 / 10
same techniques employed Temperature Range 75° F – 300° F Set Time 1 day – 14+ days
to treat the mud for low Compressive Strength 75 psi – 500 psi PH 8-9
* API Low Pressure Test
density drillable solids.

Increased Integrity with the StrataLock Stabilization System

Advanced, New Technology to Increase Formation Resistance to Shear Failure
With StrataLock, you’re not stretching the envelope, you’re
changing the rules. This revolutionary, new system lets you
alter the physical properties of the strata around the
wellbore, permitting you to undertake more aggressive
programs.
StrataLock Is the Right Solution

By modifying wellbore properties, the StrataLock Stabiliza-
tion System increases tensile and compressive strength in
unconsolidated formations. The results allow you to:
• Eliminate intermediate casing and liners
• Deepen shoe points
• Increase the formation’s resistance to tensile failure
• Prevent fluids lost to the formation
• Save trips by performing the treatment through most
existing bottom hole assemblies
• Use drilling mud as the base system for mixing
• Employ conventional cement systems without fracturing
the formation or losing circulation
• StrataLock drillability has been established through tests
conducted by an independent testing laboratory
A Highly Flexible and Adaptable Process

The StrataLock system can be used at temperature ranges
of 50° to 200° F BHCT. The typical treatment volume is 1
bbl of StrataLock per foot of formation with a wide variety
of placement, mechanical properties and density choices
available. Relatively high modular drilling fluid and
StrataLock combinations have been successfully formulated
with both water-based and oil-based drilling fluids.
The resulting combination penetrates into the formation to
impart mechanical integrity. Once the StrataLock treatment
hardens, the tensile strength and fracture gradient of the
HN01631
formation are appreciably increased.

Get the key to increased formation integrity and higher With StrataLock, drill past unconsolidated zones
productivity with the new Halliburton StrataLock system.
Advanced Systems for Formation Stability

HN01633
HN01632
An unconsolidated zone is encountered. Drilling A StrataLock treatment is introduced to the

ceases. Bit and drill pipe must be pulled to drilling fluid and applied through the bit.
remedy the situation or . . .
HN01635
HN01634
A squeeze forces the StrataLock/drilling fluid After StrataLock heals the unconsolidated
mixture into crevices-and StrataLock filtrate formation, drilling continues.
into the pore spaces beyond.
For more information on how the StrataLock system can help increase formation integrity, contact
your local Halliburton representative — your Solution ConnectionSM.
H01015 09/98 © 1998 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.
StrataLock™
Wellbore/Formation Stabilization System
T he StrataLock wellbore/formation stabilization system is

used to modify wellbore properties by changing the for-
mation’s mechanical properties. Specifically, it helps reduce
the density of the mud in the hole. (Additional barite can be
added to maintain or exceed the original mud density.)
Laboratory tests have demonstrated how the filtrate from a
formation permeability and increase tensile strength, Young’s StrataLock system/drilling fluid mixture can penetrate
modulus, and compressive strength to make the formation through a mud cake into a rock matrix.
more resistant to shear failure. The StrataLock system consists
of water-dispersible resins and resin activators. The StrataLock Discussion
system can be pumped as: High-permeability formations with low tensile strength are
• A neat resin very susceptible to shear failure. When crossflow exists
• A resin/sand slurry between zones, the potential for shear failure is even greater.
• A dispersion in a drilling fluid (water- or oil-based) These problems are particularly evident in offshore tem-
plates, where drilling operations can disturb adjacent wells
A neat resin is most often used in matrix treatments for and cause cemented casing to collapse.
altering the formation’s mechanical properties. Sand can be
added to the resin to increase viscosity, provide a bridging
When a conventional cement slurry is pumped into such a
agent, or increase the density of the mixture.
well, the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the wellbore can
exceed the fracture gradient of the formation, causing the
During drilling operations, drilling fluid/resin mixtures can
slurry to be lost into the zone. Although lightweight cement-
help consolidate weak zones that may result in lost circula-
ing compositions are available, the fracture gradients of some
tion, hole collapse, etc. By mixing the resin with drilling
areas may be too low for even lightweight systems.
fluid, an operator can strategically spot a pill without altering
The StrataLock system is used

to modify formation properties
and increase the fracture
gradient so that operators can
place conventional cement
systems without fracturing the
formation or risking lost
circulation. Figure 1 shows the
projected increase in fracture
gradient that can be obtained
with a StrataLock system
treatment. The curves are based
OM00075
on a freshwater pore gradient,

different penetration depths of
the StrataLock system treat-
ment, and the well depth of the
Figure 1—StrataLock system integrity increase vs. well depth
weak zone.
Cementing
Increasing a formation’s mechanical properties can achieve Placement Methods

the following:
The volume of StrataLock resin used for SCP applications is
• Can help prevent formation movement, which can
very small, requiring precise placement at the point of
lead to collapsed pipe and the loss of a well.
injection. An effective placement method will also help
• Can help protect formations that have been weak-
minimize the risk of contamination. Three methods for
ened by high production rates over long periods,
placing resin follow:
and prevent subsidence problems.
• Spot the resin to a safe depth above the total depth
• Can help stabilize a formation before a fracturing
(TD) of the injection string. Shut in the bradenhead
treatment for better control of fracture initiation and
or set the packer to allow injection.
lower sand production.
• Use a dump bailer to help ensure accurate place-
Application ment.
• Use coiled tubing with a mobile injection point.
The StrataLock system can be used at bottomhole circulating
temperatures (BHCTs) of 40° to 200°F, and it allows a wide Components
variety of placement options, mechanical properties, and
Two resins (StrataLock Y and StrataLock Z resins), two
density choices (fillers, drilling fluids, etc.). The StrataLock
activators (StrataLock B and StrataLock D activators), and
system has been successfully formulated with many oil- and
one accelerator (StrataLock E accelertor) are available for
water-based drilling fluids. The low viscosity of the StrataLock
use at the following temperature ranges:
system (or the resulting filtrate from the StrataLock system/
• Either resin can be used across the entire tempera-
drilling fluid combinations) can allow the StrataLock system to
ture range of 40° to 200°F.
penetrate the formation. Once the StrataLock system hardens,
• StrataLock B activator can be used at temperatures
it helps substantially increase the tensile strength and fracture
between 40° and 100°F.
gradient of the formation.
• StrataLock D activator can be used at temperatures
between 100° and 200°F.
The StrataLock system can be used to shut off small leaks in
• StrataLock E accelerator can be used across the
tubulars or to eliminate gas flow in sustained casing pressure
entire temperature range.
(SCP) applications. For these types of applications, the
volume and injection rate can be extremely low (i.e., less
The weight requirements are based on the chemical stoichiom-
than 1 bbl of StrataLock resin applied over a period of 30 hr
etry of the resin reaction. For example, 100 g of StrataLock Z
at approximately 2,600 psi.) One key factor for obtaining a
resin requires 26 g of StrataLock B activator for complete
successful treatment is ensuring that a StrataLock system has
reaction. The amounts of activator and accelerator can be
enough pump time to allow placement.
varied for obtaining specific pump and set times.
Recently, a StrataLock system was designed to meet the

above criteria at a bottomhole temperature of 110°F. The
system contained the following additives:
• StrataLock Z resin
• StrataLock D activator (28% by volume of the
resin)
• StrataLock E accelerator (1.25% by volume of the
resin)
Test Results
Examples of thickening times and compressive strengths are provided in Tables 1 and 2. For resin/mud formulations, a
surfactant (StrataLock F surfactant) is used to disperse the resin in the mud. The recommended amount of surfactant is 24% by
weight of resin (StrataLock Y or StrataLock Z resins) for either oil-based or water-based muds. The volume ratio of
StrataLock system to mud can vary; however, mud volumes should not exceed 30%.
Important Volumes of mud exceeding 30% will result in unacceptably low compressive strengths.
StrataLock Z resin formulations typically exhibit the highest 24-hour strengths in laboratory tests. As indicated in Table 2, the
StrataLock Z resin formulation had the highest 24-hour compressive strength in these tests. However, the StrataLock Y resin
formulation gave the highest fluid-loss value (Table 2), and the lowest rheological values (Table 3). Fluid loss into the
formation is a key factor in these formulations. Compressive strength, fluid loss, and rheological variables should always be
considered in the design of a resin/mud formulation.
Data for neat resin formulations are shown in Tables 4 and 5 (Page 4). Table 5 shows typical rock property modifications after
treatment with a StrataLock system.
Table 1—StrataLock System Mixed with 13.7-lb/gal Water-Based Mud

(70/30 StrataLock System:Mud Ratio by Volume; Density = 13.7 lb/gal)
StrataLock Z StrataLock D StrataLock E StrataLock F Barite Mud 122˚F 145˚F 24-hr
Resin Activator Accelerator Surfactant (g) (g) Thickening Compressive
(g) (g) (g) (g) Timea (hr:min) Strength (psi)b
100 28 2 24 134 98.6 5:40 —
100 28 4 24 136 100.3 3:27 61
100 28 5 24 137.5 103.6 2:48 355
a
Time to 100 Bc
b
After slurry achieved 100 Bc, it was removed from the HTHP consistometer. It was then placed in a 100-mL container and
transferred to a 145 F water bath. These strengths are for the StrataLock system/mud mixture.
Table 2—StrataLock System Mixed with 11.9-lb/gal Water-Based Mud

(70/30 StrataLock System:Mud Ratio by Volume; Density = 11.9 lb/gal; 100 g Resin)
Resin StrataLock D StrataLock E StrataLock F Barite Mud 98˚F 117˚F 24-hr 117˚F
Activator Accelerator Surfactant (g) (g) Thickening Compressive Fluid Loss
(g) (g) (g) Timea (hr:min) Strength (psi)b (cc/30 min)c
Z 28 6.5 24 80 91.4 3:26 163 102
Y 33 10 24 93 97.1 3:55 36 138
a
Time to 100 Bc
b
After slurry achieved 100 Bc, it was removed from the HTHP consistometer. It was then placed in a 100-mL container and transferred
to a 145 F water bath. These strengths are for the StrataLock system/mud mixture.
c
Standard cement fluid-loss test on a 325-mesh screen, collected volume × 2
Table 3—Rheological Data for StrataLock System/Mud Formulations

(11.9-lb/gal Water-Based Mud; Final Density = 11.9 lb/gal)
117˚F Fann Reading (rev/min)
Resina
600 300 200 100 6 3
StrataLock Z 232 112 76 42 — —
StrataLock Y 121 61 43 24 3 3
a
Formulation from Table 2
Table 4—Neat Resin and Resin/Sanda Formulations

(All Tests Conducted at 117˚F)
24-hr 48-hr 72-hr 72-hr
Resin Compressive Compressive Compressive Tensile
Strength (psi) Strength (psi) Strength (psi) Strength (psi)
StrataLock Y Resinb
Neat resin 6,800 14,690 14,030 6,297
40/70 sand 3,670 10,210 14,600 —
StrataLock Z Resinc
Neat resin 13,380 9,210 13,000 6,739
40/70 sand 4,710 12,860 16,180 —
a
40/70-mesh sand was placed in a tube and the resin formulation was poured over the sand until it was
completely covered. The tube was then transferred to a water bath and cured for the specified time.
b
Resin Formulation Y = 100 g StrataLock Y resin, 33 g StrataLock D activator, 10 g StrataLock E acclerator
c
Resin Formulation Z = 100 g StrataLock Z resin, 28 g StrataLock D activator, 6.5 g StrataLock E accelerator
Table 5—Strength, Elasticity, and Permeability Data

(Resin Formulation = 100 g StrataLock Y Resin and 31 g StrataLock B Activator
Cured for 3 Days at 140˚F)
Material Compressive Tensile Young’s Poisson’s Permeability
Tested Strength Strength Modulus Ratio to H2O (md)
(psi)a (psi) (E × 106 psi)
Sandstone 10,434 417 1.5556 ± 0.0023 0.357377 ± 0.003519 908.6
Neat Resin
11,743 2980 0.418 ± 0.0003 0.481125 ± 0.001567 < 0.001
Formulation
Sandstone
Treated with b
23,791 2,770 (5,940) 2.092 ± 0.0084 0.110611 ± 0.002495 < 0.001
Resin
Formulation
a
Confining hydrostatic pressure: 1,000 psig
b
Strength after 2-week curing
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H03689 10/03 Sales of Halliburton products and services will be

©2003 Halliburton in accord solely with the terms and conditions
Printed in the U.S.A. the customer that is applicable to the sale.
M-Seal
Introduction
M Seal cement system is highly resilient and has better elasticity and ductility than conventional systems. It can be used
in deep hot liners and in horizontal, deviated, and multilateral wells where the shear and compressional stresses exerted
on the set cement could otherwise result in cement sheath failure.
Sheath failure can result in annular pressure problems and the influx of formation fluids.
Under high temperature and stress conditions, sheath failure occurs when the tensile strength of the cement cannot
withstand the stress-induced fracturing within the sheath matrix. On the basis of extensive fluid-influx investigations,
systems such as the M-Seal system were developed to overcome sheath-failure problems.
Base Cement System

A typical M-Seal base cement system consists of the following components:
Standard, Premium, or Premium Plus cement
Compacted Silicalite additive
Latex 2000 cement
Microbond M or HT
SCR-100
Properties
Density: 15.0 ppg
Thickening Time 5-7 hrs
PV YP: 40 / 2
Fluid Loss < 50 (less than 50)
Young’s Modulus 1,500,000 psi
WiperBall
Applications/Functions • Wipe drill pipe clean of cement or other fluids
• Separating fluids
Advantages • Simply loaded into a Drill Pipe connection

• Can pump multiple balls
• Can be pumped through various restrictions such as mechanical setting
tools, diverters, liner running tools, etc.
• Compatible with all types of mud
Properties • Material Caoutchouc (rubber), natural

• Parting Stretch 380% - 440%
• Temperature Max / Min 150 °C (5 hrs) / -40°C
•
2 2
Deformation Pressure 22 N/cm – 45 N/cm
Available Sizes mm (in) Material no.

80 (3.15) 151923
100 (3.94) 152014
125 (4.92) 152015
150 (5.91) 152016
175 (6.89) 152017
Recommended Size Recommended compression ratio is 1.4 (i.e. 175 mm ball in 125 mm ID pipe)
Halliburton M & S Ltd • Halliburton House • Pitmedden Road • Dyce • Aberdeen • Tel 01224
776000

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Section A

HALLIBURTON Kuwait Cementing Manual Table of Contents

©Copyright 2005, Halliburton Company, All Rights Reserved.

®Trademark registered in the United States and other foreign countries.

Contents (Currently in stock in Kuwait)

Salt Cement Additive

Gas Migration Materials

Geothermal System (Have been used in Kuwait)��

Multilateral Sealant System

Deep Well System��

Pozmix A Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

THIX-SET A Cement Additive—Product Specifications

THIX-SET B Cement Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Additive (Flake Form)—Product Specifications

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Additive (Liquid Form)—Product Specifications

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Additive (Powder Form)—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Sodium chloride is a crystalline solid additive  increased final strength

Sodium Chloride Accelerator (NaCl)—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Cal-Seal 60 Cement Accelerator—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Econolite Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

HR-5 Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

HR-12 Retarder (Powder Form)—Product Specifications

HR-12L Retarder (Liquid Form)—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

SCR-100 Retarder—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

HR-25 Retarder/Intensifier—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Diacel LWL Retarder—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Halad®-344 Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Primary Cementing. Halad®-344 additive bridging in annuli, which may be caused

sensitive shales, and can reduce premature

Halad-413 Additive—Product Specifications

Halad-413L Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Halad-9 Cement Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

Halad®-600 E+ additive provides the same

Halad-600 E+ Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

CFR-3™ Cement Friction Reducer

CFR-3 Cement Friction Reducer (with Defoamer)—Product Specifications

CFR-3 Cement Friction Reducer (without Defoamer)—Product Specifications

Produced by Halliburton Communications. www.hal

08/04 Sales of Halliburton products and services will be

Hi-Dense® No. 3 Weight Additive—Material Specifications

Hi-Dense® No. 4 Weight Additive—Material Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

MICROMAX Weight Additive—Product Specifications

Zonal Isolation Technology

D-AIR 3000 and D-AIR 3000L

D-AIR 3000 and D-AIR 3000L defoamers — NF-7

Sodium chloride is a crystalline solid additive increased final strength

SSA-1 agent is recommended for use in in a selected particle-gradation design for