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Mayur N. Rohi
Rohi, Shivani Parwar, Ashok V. Gomashe
Department of Microbiology, S.S.E.S.A’s Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Over the past 35 years, petrochemical derived plastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHAs extracted from
have become crucial materials in modern life. bacterial cells show materialistic
material properties that are
However, this oil based polymers take many years to similar to polypropylene (Braunegg
( et al. 1998).
degrade, which poses an environmental problem in Many micro-organisms
organisms have the potential to degrade
some areas. An alternative for petrochemical plastic these macromolecules enzymatically (Mergaert
( et
is biodegradable plastic, which is truly degradable, al. 1992). Over the past 35 years,
ye petrochemical
non- polluting and economically viable which can be derived plasticss have become crucial materials in
degraded completely into natural compounds, such as modern life. However, this oil based polymers take
CO2, methane, H2O and biomass. Hence the many years to degrade, which poses an environmental
objective of the current study was to produce problem in some areas. To overcome this problem,
ecofriendly and cost effective PHB from fruit waste production of ecofriendly plastics (which can be
i.e. Orange peels by Bacillus species and decomposed
ecomposed by microorganisms) has been discovered.
Pseudomonas species and to optimize the process at An alternative for petrochemical plastic is
different parameters like Carbon source (15grams and biodegradable plastic, which is truly degradable, non-
non
20grams) and Nitrogen source (4grams and 6grams). polluting
luting and economically viable which can be
It was observed that Pseudomonas species showed the degraded completely into natural compounds,
co such as
highest production of PHB. It was observed that by CO2, methane, H2O and biomass. This process is
increasing the concentration of both Carbon and carried out by microorganisms. Other advantages of
Nitrogen sources the production of PHB was these materials over petrochemical plastics are that
strikingly enhanced where Bacillus species showed they are natural, renewable and biocompatible.
the highest production of PHB when grown under
production media containing 20gms of Carbon and The occurrence of PHAs in bacteria has been known
6gms of Nitrogen sources. The presence of blue blue- since 1920s, when Lemoigne reported the formation
black granules confirmed that the chosen organisms of poly 3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) inside bacteria
produced PHB. (Lemoigne, 1926). However the availability of low-
cost petrochemical-derived
derived plastics led to bioplastics
bioplastic
Keywords: PHB, Bacillus, Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas, Orange being ignored for a long time due to its high
Peels production cost. Concern over petrochemical plastics
in the environment
vironment has created a striking interest in
I. INTRODUCTION
biologically derived polymers. During recent years,
The conglomeration of petrochemical plastic waste in intensive research has investigated the bacterial
the environment is an increasing problem. In order to production of PHBss and a great effort is underway to
find alternative materials, researchers have developed improve this procedure (Braunegg
( et
fully biodegradable plastics, such as al. 2004; Khanna and Srivastava,
Srivastava 2005). Nonetheless,
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
with distilled water and acetone respectively. Pseudomonas species. It was observed that by
After washing the pellet was dissolved in 5 ml of increasing the concentration of both Carbon and
boiling chloroform and allowed to evaporate on Nitrogen sources the production of PHB was
sterile glass plate. After evaporation the dry strikingly enhanced where Bacillus species showed
powder was collected and weighed. the highest production of PHB when grown under
production media containing 20gms of Carbon and
G. Optimization 6gms of Nitrogen sources (Table 2, 3). From the
staining technique, it was confirmed that PHB was
The process of PHB production was optimized by produced by the bacterial cell (Figure 5).
considering different parameters like Carbon
(15grams and 20grams) and Nitrogen (4grams and In the current study, orange peel was used as the main
6grams) sources at varied concentration. The substrate. The media was prepared and PHB
procedure for optimizing the process of PHB production was carried out. The flasks were checked
production was similar as implemented above for for the production of PHB by staining the mass with
its production. Sudan black (Figure 3,4). The presence of blue- black
granules confirmed that the chosen organisms
III. Result and Discussion produced PHB. The PHB was then extracted and
quantified. The similar results were reported by Sreeju
The bioplastics have gained much attention in the et al. (2011); Sukan et al. (2014).
recent scenario due to its ecofriendly effects. PHB is
one of the components in the preparation of IV. Conclusion
bioplastics. Bioplastics are preferred over petro-
chemical plastics as it can be degraded and does not In this study, orange peel was used as a sole carbon
create any polluting effects. Also the production of source in the medium optimized for (PHB)
PHB is economic and serves ease of process production. These results clearly show that orange
modification, optimization and purification. Hence the peel which is an abundant and unutilised agro-
objective of the current study was to produce industrial waste material; it is a very attractive and an
ecofriendly and cost effective PHB from fruit waste economically feasible carbon source for the
i.e. Orange peels by Bacillus species and production of PHAs. In the current study we have
Pseudomonas species and to optimize the process at reported the production of (PHB) using orange peel as
different parameters like Carbon source (15grams and a sole carbon source with a very simple pre-treatment
20grams) and Nitrogen source (4grams and 6grams). method. Also by optimizing the production process
we can conclude that by increasing the concentrations
When the selected isolates of Bacillus and of carbon and nitrogen sources in combination, the
Pseudomonas species were allowed to grow in the PHB productivity increases.
production media containing Orange peels
supplemented with both Carbon and Nitrogen sources Although the strain selected was not a high PHB
showed the best production of PHB granules. producer, the results obtained indicated that the
Specifically Pseudomonas species showed the highest presence of orange peel as a medium component
production of PHB (Table 1). promoted (PHB) production significantly. Further
research is needed in downstream processing and
The process of PHB production was optimized by further industrial strain selection in order to make this
considering different parameters like Carbon process more feasible for commercial production.
(15grams and 20grams) and Nitrogen (4grams and
6grams) sources utilizing both Bacillus species and
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
TABLE I. PRODUCTION OF PHB BY PSEUDOMONAS AND BACILLUS SPECIES USING ORANGE PEELS
Sr. No. Name of Organism Concentration of Concentration of glucose Productivity
glucose (G) source (G) + nitrogen (N) source (g/100ml)
Flask 1. Pseudomonas 10 g _ 1.35 g
spp.
Flask 2. Pseudomonas spp. _ 10g + 2g 1.40 g
Fig.1 Orange peels suspended Fig.2 Orange extract with added Fig.3 Bacillus species staining with
in distilled water carbon and nitrogen source Sudan black
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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