Ex.No.

1
Date: INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS
Aim: To study about the basics of FEA software Package ANSYS and its capabilities

Introduction:
ANSYS is general-purpose finite element analysis (FEA) software package. Finite Element
Analysis is a numerical method of deconstructing a complex system into very small pieces (of user-
designated size) called elements. The software implements equations that govern the behaviour of
these elements and solves them all; creating a comprehensive explanation of how the system acts as a
whole. These results then can be presented in tabulated or graphical forms. This type of analysis is
typically used for the design and optimization of a system far too complex to analyze by hand.
Systems that may fit into this category are too complex due to their geometry, scale, or governing
equations.
With virtual prototyping techniques, users can iterate various scenarios to optimize the product
long before the manufacturing is started. This enables a reduction in the level of risk, and in the cost
of ineffective designs. The multifaceted nature of ANSYS also provides a means to ensure that users
are able to see the effect of a design on the whole behavior of the product, be it electromagnetic,
thermal, mechanical etc.

Generic Steps to Solving any Problem in ANSYS:

Build Geometry
Construct a two or three dimensional representation of the object to be modeled and
tested using the work plane coordinates system within ANSYS.
Define Material Properties
Now that the part exists, define a library of the necessary materials that compose the
object (or project) being modeled. This includes thermal and mechanical properties.

Generate Mesh
At this point ANSYS understands the makeup of the part. Now define how the
modeled system should be broken down into finite pieces.
Apply Loads
Once the system is fully designed, the last task is to burden the system with
constraints, such as physical loadings or boundary conditions.

Obtain Solution
This is actually a step, because ANSYS needs to understand within what state (steady
state, transient… etc.) the problem must be solved.

Present the Results

After the solution has been obtained, there are many ways to present ANSYS’ results,
choose from many options such as tables, graphs, and contour plots.

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Specific Capabilities of ANSYS:

Structural
Structural analysis is probably the most common application of the finite element method as it
implies bridges and buildings, naval, aeronautical, and mechanical structures such as ship hulls,
aircraft bodies, and machine housings, as well as mechanical components such as pistons, machine
parts, and tools.
Static Analysis - Used to determine displacements, stresses, etc. under static loading conditions.
ANSYS can compute both linear and nonlinear static analyses. Nonlinearities can include plasticity,
stress stiffening, large deflection, large strain, hyper elasticity, contact surfaces, and creep.
Transient Dynamic Analysis - Used to determine the response of a structure to arbitrarily time-
varying loads. All nonlinearities mentioned under Static Analysis above are allowed.
Buckling Analysis - Used to calculate the buckling loads and determine the buckling mode shape.
Both linear (eigenvalue) buckling and nonlinear buckling analyses are possible.
In addition to the above analysis types, several special-purpose features are available such as
Fracture mechanics, Composite material analysis, Fatigue, and both p-Method and Beam
analyses.

Thermal
ANSYS is capable of both steady state and transient analysis of any solid with thermal boundary
conditions.
Steady-state thermal analyses calculate the effects of steady thermal loads on a system or component.
Users often perform a steady-state analysis before doing a transient thermal analysis, to help establish
initial conditions. A steady-state analysis also can be the last step of a transient thermal analysis;
performed after all transient effects have diminished. ANSYS can be used to determine temperatures,
thermal gradients, heat flow rates, and heat fluxes in an object that are caused by thermal loads that
do not vary over time. Such loads include the following:

· Convection
· Radiation
· Heat flow rates
· Heat fluxes (heat flow per unit area)
· Heat generation rates (heat flow per unit volume)
· Constant temperature boundaries

A steady-state thermal analysis may be either linear, with constant material properties; or nonlinear,
with material properties that depend on temperature. The thermal properties of most material vary
with temperature. This temperature dependency being appreciable, the analysis becomes nonlinear.
Radiation boundary conditions also make the analysis nonlinear. Transient calculations are time
dependent and ANSYS can both solve distributions as well as create video for time incremental
displays of models.

4
Fluid Flow
The ANSYS/FLOTRAN CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) offers comprehensive tools for
analyzing two-dimensional and three-dimensional fluid flow fields. ANSYS is capable of modeling a
vast range of analysis types such as: airfoils for pressure analysis of airplane wings (lift and drag),
flow in supersonic nozzles, and complex, three-dimensional flow patterns in a pipe bend.

Magnetic
Magnetic analyses, available in the ANSYS/Multiphysics and ANSYS/Emag programs, calculate the
magnetic field in devices such as:
Power generators , Electric motors, Magnetic imaging systems
Typical quantities of interest in a magnetic analysis are:
Magnetic flux density, Power loss, Magnetic forces and torques, Impedance, Inductance, Eddy
currents
Magnetic fields may exist as a result of an electric current, a permanent magnet, or an applied
external field.

Acoustics / Vibration
ANSYS is capable of modeling and analyzing vibrating systems .
Acoustics is the study of the generation, propagation, absorption, and reflection of pressure waves in
a fluid medium. Applications for acoustics include the following:
· Sonar - the acoustic counterpart of radar
· Design of concert halls, where an even distribution of sound pressure is desired
· Noise minimization in machine shops
· Noise cancellation in automobiles
· Underwater acoustics
· Design of speakers, speaker housings, acoustic filters, mufflers, and many other similar
devices.
· Geophysical exploration

Coupled Fields
A coupled-field analysis is an analysis that takes into account the interaction (coupling) between two
or more disciplines (fields) of engineering. A piezoelectric analysis, for example, handles the
interaction between the structural and electric fields: it solves for the voltage distribution due to
applied displacements, or vice versa. Other examples of coupled-field analysis are thermal-stress
analysis, thermal-electric analysis, and fluid-structure analysis.

Some of the applications in which coupled-field analysis may be required are pressure vessels
(thermal-stress analysis), fluid flow constrictions (fluid-structure analysis), induction heating
(magnetic-thermal analysis), ultrasonic transducers (piezoelectric analysis), magnetic forming
(magneto-structural analysis), and micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS).

Result:
Thus the basics of FEA software ANSYS and its fields of application are studied.

5
Ex. No: 2 CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO POINT LOAD
Date:
Aim: To analyze the deflection of a cantilever beam subjected to a point load at the free end
using ANSYS

Problem Description:

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(0,0) (20,0) (40,0) (60,0) (80,0) (100,0)

FEA model: 6 Nodes & 5 Elements

Procedure: Start of analysis, Element type, Real constants, Material, modeling, element size
for beam models, saving/restoring

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Open preprocessor menu /PREP7
2. Give example a Title Utility Menu > File > Change Title .../title, Point Loading
3. Define Element Types Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...
For this problem we will use the BEAM3 element. This element has 3 degrees of freedom
(translation along the X and Y axis's, and rotation about the Z axis). With only 3 degrees of
freedom, the BEAM3 element can only be used in 2D analysis.
4. Define Real Constants Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add...
In the 'Real Constants for BEAM3' window, enter the following geometric properties: Cross-
sectional area: 100, Area Moment of Inertia IZZ: 833.333, Total beam height: 10 .This defines an
element with a solid rectangular cross section 10mm x 10mm.
5. Define Element Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models >
Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic
In the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel: Young's
modulus EX: 210000 & Poisson's Ratio PRXY: 0.3
6. Create Nodes: Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Nodes > In Active CS

7. Create Elements: Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements >Auto numbered>Through
nodes

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

6
 1. Define Analysis Type: Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static

2. Apply Constraints: Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
nodes
Select Node 1 & Fix All DOF.
3. Apply Loads: We will apply a distributed load, of 100 N at the free end of the beam. Select
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Apply F/M > On nodes
Select Node 6 and OK. In the window that appears select UY, enter a value of -100
In the field VALUE Force/moment & click 'OK'.
4. Solve the System Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results

1. Plot Deformed Shape General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape
The result is displayed in figure: 1
2. Plot Stress distribution
Select General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table
a. Click 'Add...'
b. In the window that appears
i. enter 'SMAXI' in the 'User Label for Item' section
ii. In the first window in the 'Results Data Item' section scroll down and select 'By
sequence num'
iii. In the second window of the same section, select 'NMISC, '
iv. In the third window enter '1' anywhere after the comma
c. click 'Apply'
d. Repeat steps 2 to 4 but change 'SMAXI' to 'SMAXJ' in step 3a and change '1' to '3' in
step 3d.
e. Click 'OK'. The 'Element Table Data' window should now have two variables in it.
f. Click 'Close' in the 'Element Table Data' window.
g. Select: General Postproc > Plot Results > Line Elem Res...
h. Select 'SMAXI' from the 'LabI' pull down menu and 'SMAXJ' from the 'LabJ' pull
down menu
The result is displayed in figure: 2
Similar procedure for plotting minimum stress SMINI & SMINJ for which NMISC 2,4

3. Nodal displacements
General Postproc > List Results > Nodal solution>DOF Solution> UY
The result is displayed in Table: 1
4. Stress in Nodes
General Postproc > List Results > Element table
Select the items already defined SMAXI, SMAXJ, SMINI, and SMINJ & Click OK
The result is displayed in Table: 2

7
 Table: 1 Nodal displacement

Sl.No Node Deflection Deflection Difference

ANSYS HEORITICAL Table: 2
Element 1 1 Stresses
Sl.No
2 Element
2 SMAX SMIN
Ith Node th
J Node Ith Node Jth Node
13 13
24 24
35 35
46 46
5 5
Deformed + Undeformed Shape Plot: Max. Stress distribution Plot:
Figure 1 Figure 2

Result:
Thus the static structural analysis of a cantilever beam subjected to point load is carried
out using ANSYS and the deformation is observed.
Ex. No: 3 CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO UDL
Date:
Aim: To analyze the deflection of a cantilever beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load
Over the entire span using ANSYS

Problem Description:

8
 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(0,0) (20,0) (40,0) (60,0) (80,0) (100,0)

FEA model: 6 Nodes & 5 Elements

Procedure: Start of analysis, Element type, Real constants, Material, modeling, element size
for beam models, saving/restoring

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Open preprocessor menu /PREP7

2. Give example a Title Utility Menu > File > Change Title .../title, UDL
3. Define Element Types Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...
For this problem we will use the BEAM3 element. This element has 3 degrees of freedom
(translation along the X and Y axis's, and rotation about the Z axis). With only 3 degrees of
freedom, the BEAM3 element can only be used in 2D analysis.
4. Define Real Constants Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add...
In the 'Real Constants for BEAM3' window, enter the following geometric properties: Cross-
sectional area: 100, Area Moment of Inertia IZZ: 833.333, Total beam height: 10 .This defines an
element with a solid rectangular cross section 10mm x 10mm.
5. Define Element Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models >
Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic
In the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel: Young's
modulus EX: 210000 & Poisson's Ratio PRXY: 0.3
6. Create Nodes: Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Nodes > In Active CS

7. Create Elements: Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements >Auto numbered>Through
nodes

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

1. Define Analysis Type: Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static

2. Apply Constraints: Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement >
On nodes
Select Node 1 & Fix All DOF.
3. Apply Loads: We will apply a distributed load, of 100 N at the free end of the beam.

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 Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On beams
Select pick all and click OK. In the window that appears , enter a value of 10
In the field pressure at VALU I & click 'OK'.
4. Solve the System Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results

1. Plot Deformed Shape General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape
The result is displayed in figure: 1
2. Plot Stress distribution
Select General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table
a. Click 'Add...'
b. In the window that appears
i. enter 'SMAXI' in the 'User Label for Item' section
ii. In the first window in the 'Results Data Item' section scroll down and select 'By
sequence num'
iii. In the second window of the same section, select 'NMISC, '
iv. In the third window enter '1' anywhere after the comma
c. click 'Apply'
d. Repeat steps 2 to 4 but change 'SMAXI' to 'SMAXJ' in step 3a and change '1' to '3' in
step 3d.
e. Click 'OK'. The 'Element Table Data' window should now have two variables in it.
f. Click 'Close' in the 'Element Table Data' window.
g. Select: General Postproc > Plot Results > Line Elem Res...
h. Select 'SMAXI' from the 'LabI' pull down menu and 'SMAXJ' from the 'LabJ' pull
down menu
The result is displayed in figure: 2
Similar procedure for plotting minimum stress SMINI & SMINJ for which NMISC 2,4
3. Nodal displacements
General Postproc > List Results > Nodal solution>DOF Solution> UY
The result is displayed in Table: 1
4. Stress in Nodes
General Postproc > List Results > Element table
Select the items already defined SMAXI, SMAXJ, SMINI, and SMINJ & Click OK
The result is displayed in Table: 2

10
 Table: 1 Nodal displacement

Sl.No Node Deflection Deflection Difference

ANSYS HEORITICAL
1 1
Table: 2
Element 2 2 Stresses
3 3
Sl.No Element SMAX SMIN
4 4 Ith Node th
J Node Ith Node Jth Node
15 15
26 26
3 3
4 4
5 5
Deformed + Undeformed Shape Plot: Max. Stress distribution Plot:
Figure 1 Figure 2

Result:
Thus the static structural analysis of a cantilever beam subjected to point load is carried
Out using ANSYS and the deformation is observed.

Ex. No: 4 SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH POINT LOAD

Date:
Aim: To analyze the deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a point load at the centerentire of
the span using ANSYS
Problem Description:
A point load of 100 N will be applied to a solid steel beam with a rectangular cross section as shown
in the figure below. The cross-section of the beam is 10mm x 10mm while the modulus of elasticity
of the steel is 210GPa.

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 100 N

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(0,0) (25,0) (50,0) (75,0) (100,0)

FEA model: 5 Nodes & 4 Elements

Procedure: Start of analysis, Element type, Real constants, Material, modeling, element size
for beam models, saving/restoring

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

a. Open preprocessor menu /PREP7
2. Give example a Title Utility Menu > File > Change Title .../title, Point Loading
3. Define Element Types Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...
For this problem we will use the BEAM3 element. This element has 3 degrees of freedom
(translation along the X and Y axis's, and rotation about the Z axis). With only 3 degrees of
freedom, the BEAM3 element can only be used in 2D analysis.
4. Define Real Constants Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add...
In the 'Real Constants for BEAM3' window, enter the following geometric properties: Cross-
sectional area: 100, Area Moment of Inertia IZZ: 833.333, Total beam height: 10 .This defines an
element with a solid rectangular cross section 10mm x 10mm.
5. Define Element Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models >
Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic
In the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel: Young's
modulus EX: 210000 & Poisson's Ratio PRXY: 0.3
6. Create Nodes: Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Nodes > In Active CS

7. Create Elements: Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements >Auto numbered>Through
nodes

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

1. Define Analysis Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static
2. Apply Constraints Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Nodes
Select Node 1 and Node 5 fix displacement in Y –Direction
i.e. (UY constrained)
3. Apply Loads
Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes
Pick node 3 and Click O.K

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 In the window that appears select UY, enter a value of -100 In the field VALUE
Force/moment & click 'OK'.
4. Solve the System Solution > Solve > Current LS
SOLVE

Post processing: Viewing the Results

1. Plot Deformed Shape General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape
The result is displayed in figure: 1
2. Plot Stress distribution
Select General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table
a. Click 'Add...'
b. In the window that appears
i. enter 'SMAXI' in the 'User Label for Item' section
ii. In the first window in the 'Results Data Item' section scroll down and select 'By
sequence num'
iii. In the second window of the same section, select 'NMISC, '
iv. In the third window enter '1' anywhere after the comma
c. click 'Apply'
d. Repeat steps 2 to 4 but change 'SMAXI' to 'SMAXJ' in step 3a and change '1' to '3' in step
3d.
e. Click 'OK'. The 'Element Table Data' window should now have two variables in it.
f. Click 'Close' in the 'Element Table Data' window.
g. Select: General Postproc > Plot Results > Line Elem Res...
h. Select 'SMAXI' from the 'LabI' pull down menu and 'SMAXJ' from the 'LabJ' pull down
menu
The result is displayed in figure: 2
Similar procedure for plotting minimum stress SMINI & SMINJ for which NMISC 2,4
3. Nodal displacements
General Postproc > List Results > Nodal solution>DOF Solution> UY
The result is displayed in Table: 1
4. Stress in Nodes
General Postproc > List Results > Element table
Select the items already defined SMAXI, SMAXJ, SMINI, and SMINJ & Click OK.
The result is displayed in Table: 2

13
 Table: 1 Nodal displacement

Sl.No Node Deflection Deflection Difference

ANSYS HEORITICAL
1 1
Table: 2
Element 2 2 Stresses
3 3
Sl.No Element SMAX SMIN
4 4 Ith Node th
J Node Ith Node Jth Node
15 15
26 26
3 3
4 4
5 5
Deformed + Undeformed Shape Plot: Max. Stress distribution Plot:
Figure 1 Figure 2

Result:
Thus the static structural analysis of a simply supported beam subjected to point load is
Carried out using ANSYS and the deformation is observed.

Ex. No: 5 SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH UDL

Date:
Aim: To analyze the deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to UDL over the entire span using
ANSYS
Problem Description:
A distributed load of 10 N/mm will be applied to a solid steel beam with a rectangular cross section
as shown in the figure below. The cross-section of the beam is 10mm x 10mm while the modulus of
elasticity of the steel is 210GPa.

14
 10 N/mm

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(0,0) (25,0) (50,0) (75,0) (100,0)

FEA model: 5 Nodes & 4 Elements

Procedure: Start of analysis, Element type, Real constants, Material, modeling, element size
for beam models, saving/restoring

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Open preprocessor menu /PREP7
2. Give example a Title Utility Menu > File > Change Title .../title, Point Loading
3. Define Element Types Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...
For this problem we will use the BEAM3 element. This element has 3 degrees of freedom
(translation along the X and Y axis's, and rotation about the Z axis). With only 3 degrees of
freedom, the BEAM3 element can only be used in 2D analysis.
4. Define Real Constants Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add...
In the 'Real Constants for BEAM3' window, enter the following geometric properties: Cross-
sectional area: 100, Area Moment of Inertia IZZ: 833.333, Total beam height: 10 .This defines an
element with a solid rectangular cross section 10mm x 10mm.
5. Define Element Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models >
Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic
In the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel: Young's
modulus EX: 210000 & Poisson's Ratio PRXY: 0.3
6. Create Nodes: Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Nodes > In Active CS

7. Create Elements: Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements >Auto numbered>Through
nodes

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

1. Define Analysis Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static
2. Apply Constraints Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Nodes
Select Node 1 and Node 5 fix displacement in Y –Direction
i.e. (UY constrained)
3. Apply Loads apply a distributed load, of 10 N/mm, over the entire length of the beam.
Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams
Click 'Pick All' in the 'Apply F/M' window.

15
 Enter a value of 10 in the field 'VALI Pressure value at node I' then click 'OK'.
4. Solve the System Solution > Solve > Current LS
SOLVE

Post processing: Viewing the Results

1. Plot Deformed Shape General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape
The result is displayed in figure: 1
2. Plot Stress distribution
Select General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table
a. Click 'Add...'
b. In the window that appears
i. enter 'SMAXI' in the 'User Label for Item' section
ii. In the first window in the 'Results Data Item' section scroll down and select 'By
sequence num'
iii. In the second window of the same section, select 'NMISC, '
iv. In the third window enter '1' anywhere after the comma
c. click 'Apply'
d. Repeat steps 2 to 4 but change 'SMAXI' to 'SMAXJ' in step 3a and change '1' to '3' in step
3d.
e. Click 'OK'. The 'Element Table Data' window should now have two variables in it.
f. Click 'Close' in the 'Element Table Data' window.
g. Select: General Postproc > Plot Results > Line Elem Res...
h. Select 'SMAXI' from the 'LabI' pull down menu and 'SMAXJ' from the 'LabJ' pull down
menu
The result is displayed in figure: 2
Similar procedure for plotting minimum stress SMINI & SMINJ for which NMISC 2,4
3. Nodal displacements
General Postproc > List Results > Nodal solution>DOF Solution> UY
The result is displayed in Table: 1
4. Stress in Nodes
General Postproc > List Results > Element table
Select the items already defined SMAXI, SMAXJ, SMINI, and SMINJ & Click OK.
The result is displayed in Table: 2

16
 Table: 1 Nodal displacement

Sl.No Node Deflection Deflection Difference

ANSYS HEORITICAL
1 1
Table: 2
Element 2 2 Stresses
3 3
Sl.No Element SMAX SMIN
4 4 Ith Node th
J Node Ith Node Jth Node
15 15
26 26
3 3
4 4
5 5
Deformed + Undeformed Shape Plot: Max. Stress distribution Plot:
Figure 1 Figure 2

Result:
Thus the static structural analysis of a simply supported beam subjected to UDL is carried
Out using ANSYS and the deformation is observed.

Ex. No: 6 STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE

Date:
Aim: To obtain the deformation and stress distribution of a plate with circular hole subjected to
tensile loading using ANSYS.
Problem Description:
A large, thin, square plate of side‘s’ containing a small circular hole of radius ‘a’ at its center. The
plate is subjected to simple tensile stress of σo = 1x106 N/m2 on its vertical edges. The sides of the

17
plate are s = 2m and the radius of the hole is a = 0.1m. The plate is 0.001m thick and is made of
aluminum with Young’s modulus E = 0.7x1011 N/m2, and Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.3.

Procedure:
Preprocessing:
Define Geometry: From the symmetry of the problem, it is sufficient for us to model only one
quadrant of the structure.
Preprocessor - Modeling- Create -Areas-Rectangle By 2 Corners
{Enter: WP X = 0; WP Y = 0; Width = 1; Height = 1} Apply to create rectangle OK.
Preprocessor - Modeling- Create -Areas-Circle Solid Circle
{Enter: WP X = 0; WP Y = 0; Radius = 0.1} Apply to create circle OK.
Preprocessor - Modeling-Operate -Booleans-Divide -Area by Area-
Cursor pick rectangle Apply -cursor pick circle Apply OK to close dialog box

Define Element Type:

Preprocessor -Element Type-Add/Edit/Delete-Add {select ‘Solid’ ‘Quad 4node 42’ OK}
{In options, pick ‘plane stress w/thick’} OK
Preprocessor -Real constants -Add/Edit/Delete: Add:
{Select element type chosen, type ‘0.001’ for thickness}

Define Material Type:

Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models>Structural (double
click)>Linear>elastic>isotropic
Input Mat’l Properties {EX=Young’s: ‘0.7E11’; PRXY=Poisson’s Ratio ‘0.3’; OK}

Create Mesh:
Preprocessor: Meshing-Mesh tool {a new Mesh tool Window opens}
Mesh tool: {select Size Controls: Global; Set} {set Size ‘0.02’; OK}
Mesh tool: Mesh {a new Mesh Areas window opens} - Mesh Areas: {cursor select plate area to
mesh; apply; OK}

Solving:
Apply Displacement Constraints: From symmetry, the bottom edge cannot displace vertically and
the left edge cannot displace horizontally.
Solution -Define Loads-Apply -Structural-Displacement -On Line {cursor pick bottom edge;
Apply} {Select ‘UY’; Displacement value ‘0’; Apply}

18
Solution -Define Loads-Apply -Structural-Displacement -On Line {cursor pick left edge; Apply}
{select ‘UX’; Displacement value ‘0’; Apply}
Apply Loads: The applied tensile load on the right edge can be treated as negative pressure is tensile
load!
Solution -Define Loads-Apply -Structural-Pressure On Line {cursor pick right edge; Apply}
{Pressure value ‘-1e6’; Apply} OK
Solve:
Solution -Solve-Current LS (load step)
Close Solution Done Window
Post-processing:
Plot Deformed Shape:
General Postprocessor -Plot Results -Deformed Shape {select Def + Undef edge}
Contour Plots of Stresses:
Let us look at σxx throughout the structure as a contour plot.
General Postprocessor-Plot Results -Contour Plot-Element Solution {select ‘Stress’; ‘SX’; OK}

Deformation Plot Stress plot

Result:
Thus the deformation and stress distribution of a plate with circular hole subjected to tensile
loading using ANSYS are observed and plotted.

Ex. No: 7 STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXIS-SYMMETRIC COMPONENT

Date:
Aim: To find the stress distribution of a closed steel tube subjected to tensile load using ANSYS.
Problem Description:
An axis-symmetric model of a closed tube made from steel. Point load of 100N will be
applied at the center of the top and bottom plate to make an analytical verification simple to
calculate. Outer dia: 40mm and Inner dia: 30mm, Height: 100mm
Procedure:

19
Preprocessing:
Give example a Title Utility Menu > File > Change Title .../title, Axisymmetric Tube
Open preprocessor menu ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor/PREP7

Create Areas
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By Dimensions
RECTNG, X1, X2, Y1, Y2 For an axisymmetric problem, ANSYS will rotate the area around the y-
axis at x=0. Therefore, to create the geometry mentioned above, we must define a U-shape. We are
going to define 3 overlapping rectangles as defined in the following table:
Rectangle X1 X2 Y1 Y2
1 0 20 0 5
2 15 20 0 100
3 0 20 95 100
Add Areas Together
Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Add > Areas
AADD, ALL Click the Pick All button to create a single area.
Define the Type of Element
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... For this problem we will use the PLANE2
(Structural, Solid, Triangle 6node) element. This element has 2 degrees of freedom (translation along
the X and Y axes). Turn on Axisymmetry While the Element Types window is still open, click the
Options... button. Under Element behavior K3 select Axisymmetric.
Define Element Material Properties
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic >
Isotropic In the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel: Young's
modulus EX: 200000 & Poisson's Ratio PRXY: 0.3
Define Mesh Size
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Controls > Manual Size > Areas > All Areas
For this example we will use an element edge length of 2mm.
Mesh the frame
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > click 'Pick All'

Assigning Loads and Solving

Define Analysis Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static

Apply Constraints Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > Symmetry B.C.
> On Lines
Pick the two edges on the left, at x=0, as shown below. By using the symmetry
B.C. command, ANSYS automatically calculates which DOF's should be
constrained for the line of symmetry. Since the element we are using only has 2
DOF's per node, we could have constrained the lines in the x-direction to create
the symmetric boundary conditions.

Utility Menu > Select > Entities

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Select Nodes and By Location from the scroll down menus.
Click Y coordinates and type 50 into the input box as shown below, then click OK.
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes > Pick All
Constrain the nodes in the y-direction (UY). This is required to constrain the model in space;
otherwise it would be free to float up or down. The location to constrain the model in the y-direction
(y=50) was chosen because it is along a symmetry plane. Therefore, these nodes won't move in the
y-direction according to theory.

Utility Menu > Select > Entities

In the select entities window, click Select All to reselect all nodes. It is important to always reselect
all entities once you've finished ensuring future commands are applied to the whole model and not
just a few entities. Once you've clicked Select All, click on Cancel to close the window.

Apply Loads
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Key points
Pick the top left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of 100 in the FY direction.
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Key points
Pick the bottom left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of -100 in the FY
direction.

Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS SOLVE

Post processing:
Hand Calculations Hand calculations were performed to verify the solution found using
ANSYS: The stress across the thickness at y = 50mm is 0.182 MPa.

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Determine the Stress through the Thickness of the Tube
Utility Menu > Select > Entities...
Select Nodes > By Location > Y coordinates and type 45, 55 in the Min, Max box, as shown below
and click OK.

General Postproc > List Results > Nodal Solution > Stress > Components SCOMP

If you take the average of the stress in the y-direction over the thickness of the tube, (0.18552 +
0.17866)/2, the stress in the tube is 0.182 MPa, matching the analytical solution. The average is used
because in the analytical case, it is assumed the stress is evenly distributed across the thickness. This
is only true when the location is far from any stress concentrators, such as corners. Thus, to
approximate the analytical solution, we must average the stress over the thickness.

Plotting the Elements as Axisymmetric

Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Symmetry Expansion > 2-D Axi-symmetric...
In the following window, click on 3/4 expansion

Result:
Thus the stress distribution of a closed steel tube subjected to tensile load is observed by
modeling it as an Axisymmetric Model by using ANSYS.

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