PHEF Aristotle (384-322 BCE) + Father of Realism + Apupil of Plato ARISTOTLE 5. Person who follows a true purpose leads a rational life of moderation avoiding extremes. Golden Mean ~ a path between extremes 6. Chief good is happiness. Happiness: harmony and balance of soul and body, which is through education. Our highest good comes through thinking. ARISTOTLE 8, Developed a method for testing the truth of statements, which he called the syllogism. Example: All men are mortal Socrates is aman Therefore, Socrates is mortal. *Deductive logic PAN arSi (Ce) ic} Crea) es ae ny Barer ne ae aT oe Tc ay irs ARISTOTLE 1. Design and order are present in the universe. 2. Ideas or forms such as the idea of God or idea of atree can exist without matter, but no matter can exist without form. 3, Each thing has a purpose or function. 4. Humans are rational creatures fulfilling their purpose when they think. Thinking is their highest characteristic. ARISTOTLE 7. The knowledge of a thing, beyond its classification and description, requires an explanation of causality (why it is) or Four Causes: MATERIALCAUSE —_~- wood, bricks, and nails (THE SUBSTANCE OF WHICH THE THING IS MAOE} FORMAL CAUSE | — the sketch or blueprint {re DESK THA Saves THe ATEN OSI) EFFICIENT CAUSE — the carpenter who builds i FINAL CAUSE is that itis a place in MTS PURPOSE OR FUNCTON which to live: House Aristotle Cem eel atic) oy ae OER Rt a Gee es Pee et MTs) Se mec Bae mice eR aCe CR Do i)